中非Melut盆地高砂地比地层成藏特征与富集规律
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摘要
Melut盆地为中非被动裂谷盆地,具有丰富的油气资源,盆地发育2种类型的高砂地比地层。其中,古近系Yabus组与Samma组区域性厚层砂岩与Adar组区域泥岩形成的区域性高砂地比地层为盆地勘探初期的主力成藏组合,主要形成各种反向断块、断鼻等构造油藏;上白垩统Galhak组近源局部性砂泥互层高砂地比地层为盆地中后期构造—岩性及岩性地层油气藏勘探的主要成藏组合,为盆地新的成藏组合和勘探层系。通过对Galhak组高砂地比地层油藏特征、富集规律、油藏评价与勘探方法的研究,首次提出"湖泛泥岩控藏"与"辫状河三角洲内前缘分流河道砂体控富"认识,指出湖泛泥岩是Galhak组高砂地比地层成藏主控因素,"高孔厚砂岩"是高产油层形成的储层条件,辫状河三角洲内前缘是高产油层发育的有利相带。同时,提出了以湖泛泥岩划分与对比为基础的分层系评价,提高大套高砂地比地层的垂向研究尺度和评价精度;及以测井、录井、油藏地质等多方法相结合的油水综合判识,提高大套高砂地比地层复杂断块油藏油水关系与油藏认识的合理性。该研究提升了Melut盆地局部性砂泥互层高砂地比地层的勘探潜力,拓展了盆地勘探空间,对中西非相似被动裂谷盆地高砂地比地层的勘探具有借鉴意义。
Melut Basin has abundant petroleum resources as a Central Africa passive rift basin and developed two typically highly sandy formations.The regional highly sandy formation,which is made up of regional thick sandstone of Yabus and Samma Formations and regional mudstone of Adar Formation of Paleogene,is the key reservoir-caprock assemblage and formed all kinds of antithetic faulted blocks and faulted-nose structural reservoirs.By contrast,the local highly sandy formation of Galhak Formation of Upper Cretaceous,which is close to source rock and interbedded by sandstone and mudstone,is a new reservoir-caprock assemblage and exploration target layer for seeking structure-lithology and lithology-stratigraphy reservoirs in the mid-late stage of basin exploration.By deeply studying the oil reservoir character,enrichment rule,reservoir evaluation and exploration method of the highly sandy formation of Galhak Formation,the research firstly revealed that the flooding mudstone controlled the oil reservoir formation,and the distributary channel sandstones of inner braided delta front controlled HC enrichment.That is,the flooding mudstone is the key controlling factor on hydrocarbon pool formation,the high-porosity and thick sandstone is the reservoir condition and the inner braided delta front is the favorable sedimentary facies zone for developing high production layers of Galhak Formation.Moreover,the paper proved that the fine division and evaluation based on the identification and correlation of flooding mudstones can improve the study scale and evaluation accuracy for highly sandy formation.And the integrated approach of judging oil & water layers based on well logging,mud logging and reservoir geological conditions can more accurately understand oilwater contact and reservoir characteristics for the complicated faulted block reservoirs of thick and highly sandy formations.The study upgraded the exploration potential of highly sandy formations interbedded by sandstone and mudstone,and expanded exploration space of Melut Basin,and will have an important impact on highly sandy formations exploration in the similar passive rift basins in Central and Western Africa.
Melut Basin has abundant petroleum resources as a Central Africa passive rift basin and developed two typically highly sandy formations.The regional highly sandy formation,which is made up of regional thick sandstone of Yabus and Samma Formations and regional mudstone of Adar Formation of Paleogene,is the key reservoir-caprock assemblage and formed all kinds of antithetic faulted blocks and faulted-nose structural reservoirs.By contrast,the local highly sandy formation of Galhak Formation of Upper Cretaceous,which is close to source rock and interbedded by sandstone and mudstone,is a new reservoir-caprock assemblage and exploration target layer for seeking structure-lithology and lithology-stratigraphy reservoirs in the mid-late stage of basin exploration.By deeply studying the oil reservoir character,enrichment rule,reservoir evaluation and exploration method of the highly sandy formation of Galhak Formation,the research firstly revealed that the flooding mudstone controlled the oil reservoir formation,and the distributary channel sandstones of inner braided delta front controlled HC enrichment.That is,the flooding mudstone is the key controlling factor on hydrocarbon pool formation,the high-porosity and thick sandstone is the reservoir condition and the inner braided delta front is the favorable sedimentary facies zone for developing high production layers of Galhak Formation.Moreover,the paper proved that the fine division and evaluation based on the identification and correlation of flooding mudstones can improve the study scale and evaluation accuracy for highly sandy formation.And the integrated approach of judging oil & water layers based on well logging,mud logging and reservoir geological conditions can more accurately understand oilwater contact and reservoir characteristics for the complicated faulted block reservoirs of thick and highly sandy formations.The study upgraded the exploration potential of highly sandy formations interbedded by sandstone and mudstone,and expanded exploration space of Melut Basin,and will have an important impact on highly sandy formations exploration in the similar passive rift basins in Central and Western Africa.
引文
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[6]Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Wang Yong,et al.Forming condition and enrichment mechanism of the Nanpu Oilfield in the Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(1):97-113.[朱光有,张水昌,王拥,等.渤海湾盆地南堡大油田的形成条件与富集机制[J].地质学报,2011,85(1):97-113.]
[7]Huang Haiping,Lu Songnian.Compositional heterogeneities within a petroleum reservoir in Gaosheng Oilfield[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,1996,21(1):73-77.[黄海平,卢松年.高升油田储层流体非均质性研究[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1):73-77.]
[8]Shi Zhongsheng,Wang Tianqi,Fang Lehua,et al.Study exploration potential and transformation of Muglad Basin and Melut Basin on basis of analogy[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):67-75.[史忠生,王天琦,方乐华,等.从类比中探索Muglad与Melut两大盆地勘探潜力与转型[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):67-75.]
[9]Dou Lirong.Formation mechanism and model of oil and gas accumulations in the Melut Basin,Sudan[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2005,24(1):50-57.[窦立荣.苏丹迈努特盆地油气成藏机理和成藏模式[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005,24(1):50-57.]
[10]Chen Jianyang,Li Guoyong,Yu Xinghe,et al.High-resolution sequence stacking patterns and sedimentation distribution in Puyi Formation in 5Xth rone of Xingshugang Oilfield,Daqing Placanticline[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(2):244-250.[陈建阳,李国永,于兴河,等.大庆长垣杏5X区块葡一组高分辨率层序叠加样式与沉积格局[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):244-250.]
[11]Ma Chunlin,Wang Ruijie,Luo Bilin,et al.Characteristics of Chang-8 oil reservoir and distribution of oil reservoirs in Maling Oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(3):215-519.[马春林,王瑞杰,罗必林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长8油层组储层特征与油藏分布研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):215-519.]
[12]Zhang Qichao,Wang Duoyun,Li Jianting,et al.Genesis of delta front sand and characteristics of Chang 8 stratigraphical oil pools in Maling-Zhenbei area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(5):807-814.[张其超,王多云,李建霆,等.马岭—镇北地区长8段三角洲前缘砂体成因与岩性油气藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(5):807-814.]
[13]Schull T J.Rift basins of Interior Sudan:Petroleum exploration and discovery[J].AAPG Bulletin 1988,72(10):1128-1142.
[14]Genik G J.Petroleum Geology of Cretaceous-Tertiary Rift Basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(8):1405-1434.
[15]Mchargue T R,Heidrick T L.Livingston Jack E.Tectonostratigraphic development of the Interior Sudan rifts.Central Africa[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):187-202.
[16]Jorgensen G J.Bosworth W.Gravity modeling in the central African rift system,Sudan:rift geometries and tectonic significance[J].Journal of African Earth Science,1989,8(2/3/4):283-306.
[17]Genik G J.Regional framework,structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):169-185.
[18]Browne S E,Fairhead J D.Gravity study of the Central Africa Rift system:A model of continental disruption 1.The Ngaoundere and Abu Gabra Rifts[J].Tectonophysics,1983,94(1/4):187-203.
[19]Bermingham P M,Fairhead J D,Stuart G W.Gravity study of the Central African Rift system:A model of continental disruption 2.The Darfur domal uplift and associated Cainozoic volcanism[J].Tectonophysics,1983,94(1/4):205-222.
[20]Guiraud R,Maurin J C.Early Cretaceous of western and Central Africa:An overview[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):153-168.
[21]Wilson M,Guriaud R.Magmatism and rifting in Western and Central Africa,from Late Jurassic to recent times[J].Tectonophycics,1992,213(1/2),203-225.
[22]Dou Lirong,Pan Xiaohua,Tian Zuoji,et al.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan:A comparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):255-261.[窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,等.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布—兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):255-261.]
[23]Lirong Dou,Kunye Xiao,Dingsheng Cheng,et al.Petroleum geology of the Melut Basin and the Great Palogue Field,Sudan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(3):129-144.
[24]Tong Xiaoguang,Xu Zhiqiang,Shi Buqing,et al.Petroleum geologic property and reservoir-forming pattern of Melut Basin in Sudan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):1-10.[童晓光,徐志强,史卜庆,等.苏丹迈卢特盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):1-10.]
[25]Ouyang Wensheng,Zhang Zhihuan,Lu Huangsheng,et al.Two extreme modes of reservoir sedimentation:Active rift and passive rift[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(6):687-690.[欧阳文生,张枝焕,陆黄生,等.储集层沉积的两种极端模式—主动裂谷和被动裂谷[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(6):687-690.]
[26]Zhao Zhengzhang,Du Jinhu,Niu Jiayu,et al.Exploration situations and prospects in PetroChina blocks,Bohai Bay Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2005,10(3):1-7.[赵政璋,杜金虎,牛嘉玉,等.渤海湾盆地“中石油”探区勘探形势与前景分析[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(3):1-7.]
[27]Jia Chengzao,Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,et al.Geological theory and exploration technology for lithostratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:81.[贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏地质理论与勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:81.]
[28]Shi Zhongsheng,Wang Tianqi,Fang Lehua,et al.Discovery of fans in Melut rift basin,South Sudan and its petroleum geological significance[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26,(1):81-88.[史忠生,王天琦,方乐华,等.南苏丹Melut裂谷盆地扇体的发现及油气意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26,(1):81-88.]
[29]Zhang Yuanyin,Wang Tianqi,Su Yuping,et al.Identifying fan-shaped lithologic bodies in Melut Basin,Sudan[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):35-39.[张远银,王天奇,苏玉平,等.苏丹Melut盆地扇体识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(S1):35-39.]
[2]Wang Shouqing.Geologic characteristics of the zoneⅦin Shuanghe Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1985,12(2):40-46.[王寿庆.双河油田Ⅶ油组油藏地质特征[J].石油勘探与开发,1985,12(2):40-46.]
[3]Qiu Yi'nan.The methodology of petroleum development geology(Ⅰ)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1996,23(2):43-47.[裘亦楠.石油开发地质方法论(一)[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(2):43-47.]
[4]Gu Na,Cheng Wenbo,Zhu Sha,et al.An overview of classification principle of clastic reservoir type and the current classification schemes[J].Science and Technology of West China,2012,11(6):22-23.[古娜,程文博,朱莎,等.碎屑岩储层类型划分依据及现行分类方案综述[J].中国西部科技,2012,11(6):22-23.]
[5]Zhang Wenzhao.Typical characteristics and formation conditions of continental giant oilfields in China[J],China Mining Magazine,1997,6(3):6-12.[张文昭.中国陆相大油田的类型特征与形成条件[J].中国矿业,1997,6(3):6-12.]
[6]Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Wang Yong,et al.Forming condition and enrichment mechanism of the Nanpu Oilfield in the Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(1):97-113.[朱光有,张水昌,王拥,等.渤海湾盆地南堡大油田的形成条件与富集机制[J].地质学报,2011,85(1):97-113.]
[7]Huang Haiping,Lu Songnian.Compositional heterogeneities within a petroleum reservoir in Gaosheng Oilfield[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,1996,21(1):73-77.[黄海平,卢松年.高升油田储层流体非均质性研究[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1996,21(1):73-77.]
[8]Shi Zhongsheng,Wang Tianqi,Fang Lehua,et al.Study exploration potential and transformation of Muglad Basin and Melut Basin on basis of analogy[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):67-75.[史忠生,王天琦,方乐华,等.从类比中探索Muglad与Melut两大盆地勘探潜力与转型[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):67-75.]
[9]Dou Lirong.Formation mechanism and model of oil and gas accumulations in the Melut Basin,Sudan[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2005,24(1):50-57.[窦立荣.苏丹迈努特盆地油气成藏机理和成藏模式[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005,24(1):50-57.]
[10]Chen Jianyang,Li Guoyong,Yu Xinghe,et al.High-resolution sequence stacking patterns and sedimentation distribution in Puyi Formation in 5Xth rone of Xingshugang Oilfield,Daqing Placanticline[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(2):244-250.[陈建阳,李国永,于兴河,等.大庆长垣杏5X区块葡一组高分辨率层序叠加样式与沉积格局[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):244-250.]
[11]Ma Chunlin,Wang Ruijie,Luo Bilin,et al.Characteristics of Chang-8 oil reservoir and distribution of oil reservoirs in Maling Oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(3):215-519.[马春林,王瑞杰,罗必林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长8油层组储层特征与油藏分布研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):215-519.]
[12]Zhang Qichao,Wang Duoyun,Li Jianting,et al.Genesis of delta front sand and characteristics of Chang 8 stratigraphical oil pools in Maling-Zhenbei area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(5):807-814.[张其超,王多云,李建霆,等.马岭—镇北地区长8段三角洲前缘砂体成因与岩性油气藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(5):807-814.]
[13]Schull T J.Rift basins of Interior Sudan:Petroleum exploration and discovery[J].AAPG Bulletin 1988,72(10):1128-1142.
[14]Genik G J.Petroleum Geology of Cretaceous-Tertiary Rift Basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(8):1405-1434.
[15]Mchargue T R,Heidrick T L.Livingston Jack E.Tectonostratigraphic development of the Interior Sudan rifts.Central Africa[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):187-202.
[16]Jorgensen G J.Bosworth W.Gravity modeling in the central African rift system,Sudan:rift geometries and tectonic significance[J].Journal of African Earth Science,1989,8(2/3/4):283-306.
[17]Genik G J.Regional framework,structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):169-185.
[18]Browne S E,Fairhead J D.Gravity study of the Central Africa Rift system:A model of continental disruption 1.The Ngaoundere and Abu Gabra Rifts[J].Tectonophysics,1983,94(1/4):187-203.
[19]Bermingham P M,Fairhead J D,Stuart G W.Gravity study of the Central African Rift system:A model of continental disruption 2.The Darfur domal uplift and associated Cainozoic volcanism[J].Tectonophysics,1983,94(1/4):205-222.
[20]Guiraud R,Maurin J C.Early Cretaceous of western and Central Africa:An overview[J].Tectonophysics,1992,213(1/2):153-168.
[21]Wilson M,Guriaud R.Magmatism and rifting in Western and Central Africa,from Late Jurassic to recent times[J].Tectonophycics,1992,213(1/2),203-225.
[22]Dou Lirong,Pan Xiaohua,Tian Zuoji,et al.Hydrocarbon formation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan:A comparative analysis of them with rift basins in East China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):255-261.[窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,等.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布—兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):255-261.]
[23]Lirong Dou,Kunye Xiao,Dingsheng Cheng,et al.Petroleum geology of the Melut Basin and the Great Palogue Field,Sudan[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(3):129-144.
[24]Tong Xiaoguang,Xu Zhiqiang,Shi Buqing,et al.Petroleum geologic property and reservoir-forming pattern of Melut Basin in Sudan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):1-10.[童晓光,徐志强,史卜庆,等.苏丹迈卢特盆地石油地质特征及成藏模式[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):1-10.]
[25]Ouyang Wensheng,Zhang Zhihuan,Lu Huangsheng,et al.Two extreme modes of reservoir sedimentation:Active rift and passive rift[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(6):687-690.[欧阳文生,张枝焕,陆黄生,等.储集层沉积的两种极端模式—主动裂谷和被动裂谷[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(6):687-690.]
[26]Zhao Zhengzhang,Du Jinhu,Niu Jiayu,et al.Exploration situations and prospects in PetroChina blocks,Bohai Bay Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2005,10(3):1-7.[赵政璋,杜金虎,牛嘉玉,等.渤海湾盆地“中石油”探区勘探形势与前景分析[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(3):1-7.]
[27]Jia Chengzao,Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,et al.Geological theory and exploration technology for lithostratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:81.[贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏地质理论与勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:81.]
[28]Shi Zhongsheng,Wang Tianqi,Fang Lehua,et al.Discovery of fans in Melut rift basin,South Sudan and its petroleum geological significance[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26,(1):81-88.[史忠生,王天琦,方乐华,等.南苏丹Melut裂谷盆地扇体的发现及油气意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26,(1):81-88.]
[29]Zhang Yuanyin,Wang Tianqi,Su Yuping,et al.Identifying fan-shaped lithologic bodies in Melut Basin,Sudan[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):35-39.[张远银,王天奇,苏玉平,等.苏丹Melut盆地扇体识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(S1):35-39.]