成都次降水稳定氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源分析
|
摘要
基于对成都地区2016年9月至2017年10月采集的113场次降水样品氢氧同位素的分析,发现大气次降水中δD、δ~(18)O、~(17)O、d-excess和~(17)O-excess有显著的季节性变化,旱季高雨季低,反映了该地区旱、雨两季水汽来源不同;地区大气降水线斜率和截距都偏小,表明成都降水来源于具有不同稳定同位素比率的源地,且雨滴在降落过程中发生了二次蒸发;三氧同位素大气降水线(δ'~(17)O=0. 528 9δ'~(18)O+0. 007 5)斜率介于海洋气团(0. 529)与干空气(0. 518)之间,表明成都地区处于海洋气团向内陆迁移的路径上; d值接近全球平均值,而~(17)O-excess值远较海水大,表明成都的水汽来源由海洋气团主导,且到达该地区的过程中同位素经历了严重的富集; d-excess在旱季出现的极低值可能是受到了人工降雨的影响,~(17)O-excess除了与水汽源地的相对湿度有关外,还会受到上游气团对流作用的影响,此外,成都当地的气象因素对不同季节次降水的~(17)O-excess值有不同程度的影响.
Based on analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in 113 rainfall samples collected from September 2016 to October 2017 in Chengdu,which is a typical representative of humid areas affected by multiple moisture sources,the compositional characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes(2 H,~(18)O,and~(17)O) and the water vapor sources of precipitation were analyzed. It was found that δD,δ~(18)O,δ~(17)O,d-excess,and~(17)O-excess in atmospheric event-based precipitation have significant seasonal variation. In the dry season they are high and in the wet season are low,reflecting the different moisture sources during two seasons( dry and wet). The slope and intercept of the Local Meteoric Water Line were small,indicating that the precipitation originated from sources with various stable isotope ratios and that raindrops were subject to secondary evaporation during their landing process. The Local Meteoric Water Line slope for the triple oxygen isotopes( δ'~(17)O = 0. 528 9δ'~(18)O + 0. 007 5) ranged between the slopes for seawater vapor and dry air,and the value of~(17)O-excess was far larger than that of seawater. This indicates that the Chengdu area lies in the path of marine air masses moving toward inland regions. The atmospheric precipitation mainly came from these marine air masses and the isotope had undergone serious enrichment in the process of reaching the area. The d values were close to the global average,and the extremely low value of dexcess in the dry season may be affected by artificial rainfall operations. In addition to the relative humidity of the water vapor source,~(17)O-excess is also affected by the upstream air mass convection; moreover,the~(17)O-excess of the precipitation was not affected by the meteorological factors over the whole study period,so the~(17)O-excess could be considered tracers of evaporative conditions at the vapor source in Chengdu. The precipitation~(17)O-excess in different seasons provides additional information to better understand the precipitation formation processes in Chengdu.
Based on analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in 113 rainfall samples collected from September 2016 to October 2017 in Chengdu,which is a typical representative of humid areas affected by multiple moisture sources,the compositional characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes(2 H,~(18)O,and~(17)O) and the water vapor sources of precipitation were analyzed. It was found that δD,δ~(18)O,δ~(17)O,d-excess,and~(17)O-excess in atmospheric event-based precipitation have significant seasonal variation. In the dry season they are high and in the wet season are low,reflecting the different moisture sources during two seasons( dry and wet). The slope and intercept of the Local Meteoric Water Line were small,indicating that the precipitation originated from sources with various stable isotope ratios and that raindrops were subject to secondary evaporation during their landing process. The Local Meteoric Water Line slope for the triple oxygen isotopes( δ'~(17)O = 0. 528 9δ'~(18)O + 0. 007 5) ranged between the slopes for seawater vapor and dry air,and the value of~(17)O-excess was far larger than that of seawater. This indicates that the Chengdu area lies in the path of marine air masses moving toward inland regions. The atmospheric precipitation mainly came from these marine air masses and the isotope had undergone serious enrichment in the process of reaching the area. The d values were close to the global average,and the extremely low value of dexcess in the dry season may be affected by artificial rainfall operations. In addition to the relative humidity of the water vapor source,~(17)O-excess is also affected by the upstream air mass convection; moreover,the~(17)O-excess of the precipitation was not affected by the meteorological factors over the whole study period,so the~(17)O-excess could be considered tracers of evaporative conditions at the vapor source in Chengdu. The precipitation~(17)O-excess in different seasons provides additional information to better understand the precipitation formation processes in Chengdu.
引文
[1]Treble P C,Budd W F,Hope P K,et al.Synoptic-scale climate patterns associated with rainfallδ18O in southern Australia[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,302(1-4):270-282.
[2]Argiriou A A,Lykoudis S.Isotopic composition of precipitation in Greece[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,327(3-4):486-495.
[3]Thompson L G,Mosley-Thompson E,Davis M E,et al.Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past~1800 years[J].Science,2013,340(6135):945-950.
[4]Jasechko S,Gibson J J,Edwards T W D.Stable isotope mass balance of the Laurentian Great Lakes[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2014,40(2):336-346.
[5]Li Z X,Qi F,Wang Q J,et al.Contributions of local terrestrial evaporation and transpiration to precipitation usingδ18O and D-excess as a proxy in Shiyang inland river basin in China[J].Global and Planetary Change,2016,146:140-151.
[6]Wang S J,Zhang M J,Che Y J,et al.Contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation in oases of arid central Asia:A stable isotope approach[J].Water Resources Research,2016,52(4):3246-3257.
[7]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16(4):436-468.
[8]Galewsky J,Steen-Larsen H C,Field R D,et al.Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and applications to the hydrologic cycle[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2016,54(4):809-865.
[9]Craig H.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J].Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[10]张应华,仵彦卿,温小虎,等.环境同位素在水循环研究中的应用[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):738-747.Zhang Y H,Wu Y Q,Wen X H,et al.Application of environmental isotopes in water cycle[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(5):738-747.
[11]郑淑蕙,侯发高,倪葆龄.我国大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素研究[J].科学通报,1983,(13):801-806.
[12]吴锦奎,杨淇越,丁永建,等.黑河流域大气降水稳定同位素变化及模拟[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):1857-1866.Wu J K,Yang Q Y,Ding Y J,et al.Variations and simulation of stable isotopes in precipitation in the Heihe river basin[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1857-1866.
[13]朱建佳,陈辉,巩国丽.柴达木盆地东部降水氢氧同位素特征与水汽来源[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2784-2790.Zhu J J,Chen H,Gong G L.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of precipitation and its water vapor sources in eastern Qaidam basin[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(8):2784-2790.
[14]Landais A,Barkan E,Luz B.Record ofδ18O and17O-excess in ice from Vostok Antarctica during the last 150,000 years[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(23):L02709.
[15]Landais A,Barkan E,Yakir D,et al.The triple isotopic composition of oxygen in leaf water[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70(16):4105-4115.
[16]Barkan E,Luz B.Diffusivity fractionations of in air and their implications for isotope hydrology[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2007,21(18):2999-3005.
[17]吴旭东.成都地区大气降水稳定同位素组成反应的气候特征[J].四川地质学报,2009,29(1):52-54,58.Wu X D.Stable isotope compositions for meteoric water from Chengdu and their implication of climate[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2009,29(1):52-54,58.
[18]Luz B,Barkan E.The isotopic ratios17O/16O and18O/16O in molecular oxygen and their significance in biogeochemistry[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(5):1099-1110.
[19]李广,章新平,许有鹏,等.滇南蒙自地区降水稳定同位素特征及其水汽来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1313-1320.Li G,Zhang X P,Xu Y P,et al.Characteristics of stable isotopes in precipitation and their moisture sources in Mengzi region,southern Yunnan[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1313-1320.
[20]卫克勤,林瑞芬,王志祥.北京地区降水中的氘、氧-18、氚含量[J].中国科学B辑,1982,(8):754-757.
[21]孟玉川,刘国东.长江流域降水稳定同位素的云下二次蒸发效应[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):327-334.Meng Y C,Liu G D.Effect of below-cloud secondary evaporation on the stable isotopes in precipitation over the Yangtze River basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(3):327-334.
[22]章新平.我国降水中δ18O的分布特点[J].地理学报,1998,53(4):356-364.Zhang X P.Distributional features ofδ18O in precipitation in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(4):356-364.
[23]Luz B,Barkan E.Variations of17O/16O and18O/16O in meteoric waters[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2010,74(22):6276-6286.
[24]He S Y,Richards K.Stable isotopes in monsoon precipitation and water vapour in Nagqu,Tibet,and their implications for monsoon moisture[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:615-622.
[25]Gat J R,Bowser C J,Kendall C.The contribution of evaporation from the Great Lakes to the continental atmosphere:estimate based on stable isotope data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,21(7):557-560.
[26]黄荷,罗明明,陈植华,等.香溪河流域大气降水稳定氢氧同位素时空分布特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):36-42.Huang H,Luo M M,Chen Z H,et al.The spatial and temporal distribution of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope of meteoric water in Xiangxi river basin[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):36-42.
[27]Angert A,Cappa C D,Depaolo D J.Kinetic17O effects in the hydrologic cycle:Indirect evidence and implications[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(17):3487-3495.
[28]Schoenemann S W,Steig E J.Seasonal and spatial variations of17Oexcessand dexcessin Antarctic precipitation:Insights from an intermediate complexity isotope model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2016,121(19):11215-11247.
[29]Landais A,Risi C,Bony S,et al.Combined measurements of17Oexcessand d-excess in African monsoon precipitation:Implications for evaluating convective parameterizations[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,298(1-2):104-112.
[30]Landais A,Ekaykin A,Barkan E,et al.Seasonal variations of17O-excess and d-excess in snow precipitation at Vostok station,East Antarctica[J].Journal of Glaciology,2012,58(210):725-733.
[31]Pang H X,Hou S G,Landais A,et al.Spatial distribution of17O-excess in surface snow along a traverse from Zhongshan station to Dome A,East Antarctica[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,414:126-133.
[32]Affolter S,Huselmann A D,Fleitmann D,et al.Triple isotope(δD,δ17O,δ18O)study on precipitation,drip water and speleothem fluid inclusions for a Western Central European cave(NW Switzerland)[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2015,127:73-89.
[33]王昕卉.海河流域降水稳定同位素研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2014.22-23.
[34]温艳茹,王建力.重庆地区大气场降水中氢氧同位素变化特征及与大气环流的关系[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2462-2469.Wen Y R,Wang J L.Variations of stable isotope in precipitation and its atmospheric circulation effect in Chongqing[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2462-2469.
[35]刘梦娇.重庆市北碚区不同水体稳定同位素特征及其气候指示意义[D].重庆:西南大学,2016.17-18.
[36]Tian C,Wang L X,Kaseke K F,et al.Stable isotope compositions(δ2H,δ18O andδ17O)of rainfall and snowfall in the central United States[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8:6712.
[37]Li S N,Levin N E,Chesson L A.Continental scale variation in17O-excess of meteoric waters in the United States[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2015,164:110-126.
[2]Argiriou A A,Lykoudis S.Isotopic composition of precipitation in Greece[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,327(3-4):486-495.
[3]Thompson L G,Mosley-Thompson E,Davis M E,et al.Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past~1800 years[J].Science,2013,340(6135):945-950.
[4]Jasechko S,Gibson J J,Edwards T W D.Stable isotope mass balance of the Laurentian Great Lakes[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2014,40(2):336-346.
[5]Li Z X,Qi F,Wang Q J,et al.Contributions of local terrestrial evaporation and transpiration to precipitation usingδ18O and D-excess as a proxy in Shiyang inland river basin in China[J].Global and Planetary Change,2016,146:140-151.
[6]Wang S J,Zhang M J,Che Y J,et al.Contribution of recycled moisture to precipitation in oases of arid central Asia:A stable isotope approach[J].Water Resources Research,2016,52(4):3246-3257.
[7]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16(4):436-468.
[8]Galewsky J,Steen-Larsen H C,Field R D,et al.Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and applications to the hydrologic cycle[J].Reviews of Geophysics,2016,54(4):809-865.
[9]Craig H.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J].Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[10]张应华,仵彦卿,温小虎,等.环境同位素在水循环研究中的应用[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):738-747.Zhang Y H,Wu Y Q,Wen X H,et al.Application of environmental isotopes in water cycle[J].Advances in Water Science,2006,17(5):738-747.
[11]郑淑蕙,侯发高,倪葆龄.我国大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素研究[J].科学通报,1983,(13):801-806.
[12]吴锦奎,杨淇越,丁永建,等.黑河流域大气降水稳定同位素变化及模拟[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):1857-1866.Wu J K,Yang Q Y,Ding Y J,et al.Variations and simulation of stable isotopes in precipitation in the Heihe river basin[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1857-1866.
[13]朱建佳,陈辉,巩国丽.柴达木盆地东部降水氢氧同位素特征与水汽来源[J].环境科学,2015,36(8):2784-2790.Zhu J J,Chen H,Gong G L.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of precipitation and its water vapor sources in eastern Qaidam basin[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(8):2784-2790.
[14]Landais A,Barkan E,Luz B.Record ofδ18O and17O-excess in ice from Vostok Antarctica during the last 150,000 years[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(23):L02709.
[15]Landais A,Barkan E,Yakir D,et al.The triple isotopic composition of oxygen in leaf water[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70(16):4105-4115.
[16]Barkan E,Luz B.Diffusivity fractionations of in air and their implications for isotope hydrology[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2007,21(18):2999-3005.
[17]吴旭东.成都地区大气降水稳定同位素组成反应的气候特征[J].四川地质学报,2009,29(1):52-54,58.Wu X D.Stable isotope compositions for meteoric water from Chengdu and their implication of climate[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2009,29(1):52-54,58.
[18]Luz B,Barkan E.The isotopic ratios17O/16O and18O/16O in molecular oxygen and their significance in biogeochemistry[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(5):1099-1110.
[19]李广,章新平,许有鹏,等.滇南蒙自地区降水稳定同位素特征及其水汽来源[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1313-1320.Li G,Zhang X P,Xu Y P,et al.Characteristics of stable isotopes in precipitation and their moisture sources in Mengzi region,southern Yunnan[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1313-1320.
[20]卫克勤,林瑞芬,王志祥.北京地区降水中的氘、氧-18、氚含量[J].中国科学B辑,1982,(8):754-757.
[21]孟玉川,刘国东.长江流域降水稳定同位素的云下二次蒸发效应[J].水科学进展,2010,21(3):327-334.Meng Y C,Liu G D.Effect of below-cloud secondary evaporation on the stable isotopes in precipitation over the Yangtze River basin[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(3):327-334.
[22]章新平.我国降水中δ18O的分布特点[J].地理学报,1998,53(4):356-364.Zhang X P.Distributional features ofδ18O in precipitation in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(4):356-364.
[23]Luz B,Barkan E.Variations of17O/16O and18O/16O in meteoric waters[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2010,74(22):6276-6286.
[24]He S Y,Richards K.Stable isotopes in monsoon precipitation and water vapour in Nagqu,Tibet,and their implications for monsoon moisture[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:615-622.
[25]Gat J R,Bowser C J,Kendall C.The contribution of evaporation from the Great Lakes to the continental atmosphere:estimate based on stable isotope data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2013,21(7):557-560.
[26]黄荷,罗明明,陈植华,等.香溪河流域大气降水稳定氢氧同位素时空分布特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):36-42.Huang H,Luo M M,Chen Z H,et al.The spatial and temporal distribution of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope of meteoric water in Xiangxi river basin[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):36-42.
[27]Angert A,Cappa C D,Depaolo D J.Kinetic17O effects in the hydrologic cycle:Indirect evidence and implications[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(17):3487-3495.
[28]Schoenemann S W,Steig E J.Seasonal and spatial variations of17Oexcessand dexcessin Antarctic precipitation:Insights from an intermediate complexity isotope model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2016,121(19):11215-11247.
[29]Landais A,Risi C,Bony S,et al.Combined measurements of17Oexcessand d-excess in African monsoon precipitation:Implications for evaluating convective parameterizations[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,298(1-2):104-112.
[30]Landais A,Ekaykin A,Barkan E,et al.Seasonal variations of17O-excess and d-excess in snow precipitation at Vostok station,East Antarctica[J].Journal of Glaciology,2012,58(210):725-733.
[31]Pang H X,Hou S G,Landais A,et al.Spatial distribution of17O-excess in surface snow along a traverse from Zhongshan station to Dome A,East Antarctica[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2015,414:126-133.
[32]Affolter S,Huselmann A D,Fleitmann D,et al.Triple isotope(δD,δ17O,δ18O)study on precipitation,drip water and speleothem fluid inclusions for a Western Central European cave(NW Switzerland)[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2015,127:73-89.
[33]王昕卉.海河流域降水稳定同位素研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2014.22-23.
[34]温艳茹,王建力.重庆地区大气场降水中氢氧同位素变化特征及与大气环流的关系[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2462-2469.Wen Y R,Wang J L.Variations of stable isotope in precipitation and its atmospheric circulation effect in Chongqing[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2462-2469.
[35]刘梦娇.重庆市北碚区不同水体稳定同位素特征及其气候指示意义[D].重庆:西南大学,2016.17-18.
[36]Tian C,Wang L X,Kaseke K F,et al.Stable isotope compositions(δ2H,δ18O andδ17O)of rainfall and snowfall in the central United States[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8:6712.
[37]Li S N,Levin N E,Chesson L A.Continental scale variation in17O-excess of meteoric waters in the United States[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2015,164:110-126.