两株链霉菌对小麦幼苗生长及诱导抗性的影响
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摘要
研究2株链霉菌D74和Act12对小麦生长的促进作用及诱导抗性的影响,为链霉菌剂在小麦生产中的应用提供科学依据。通过皿内发芽试验、砂培和土培盆栽试验,测定2种链霉菌的混合制剂(1∶1质量比)在不同用量及处理方式下的小麦发芽率、发芽指数、种子活力、幼苗生物学性状、叶片诱导抗性及生化特性。结果表明:(1)供试链霉菌具有显著的促生功能。菌粉包衣量为每粒10mg时,小麦发芽率较对照提高41.9%(P<0.05),发芽指数提高40.0%(P<0.05);叶面积增加149.2%(P<0.05),植株总鲜质量增加100.0%(P<0.05),根系鲜质量增加220.0%(P<0.05)。10倍菌粉浸提稀释液浸种,种子活力较对照提高31.8%(P<0.05);包衣量每粒5mg处理根系活力提高62.7%(P<0.05);10倍发酵稀释液浸种,小麦株高、叶面积较对照分别增加29.2%、27.6%(P<0.05),稀释10~2~10~4倍发酵液浸种,小麦出苗率较对照提高44.0%~103.8%(P<0.05)。(2)供试链霉菌可提高小麦诱导抗性。适量菌粉种子包衣及发酵滤液浸种可使小麦叶片POD酶活性较对照提高46.7%~70.0%(P<0.05);菌粉包衣量每粒5mg处理小麦叶片PPO酶活性较对照提高52.5%(P<0.05),10~2~10~4倍发酵滤液浸种,小麦叶片MDA质量摩尔浓度降低34.0%~40.2%(P<0.05)。可见,供试链霉菌对小麦具有显著的促生作用,并能提高小麦的诱导抗性。
In this study,the effects of two Streptomyces strains,S.roche D74 and S.partum Act12,on growth promotion and induced resistance in wheat were examined,in order to provide evidence for the application of streptomycete agents in wheat production.A mixed agent of the two test strains(1∶1 mass ratio)was applied at different rates and using different methods in petri dish germination,sand pot,and soil pot experiments.The germination rate,germination index,seed vigor,seedling growth parameters and induced resistance indices of wheat were analyzed.The results showed that(i)the mixed Streptomyces agent significantly promoted the growth of wheat.Compared with the control,the treatment of seed coating at 10 mg/per grain increased the germination rate by 41.9%,the germination index by 40.0%,the leaf area by 149.2%,the total fresh mass of the plant by 100%,and the fresh mass of roots by 220.0%(P<0.05 for all).The seed vigor increased by 31.8% in the treatment of seed soaking in 10-fold-diluted extract,while larger increase(62.7%)occurred in the root activity in the treatment of coating at 5 mg/per grain compared with the control(P<0.05 for both).The plant height and leaf area of wheat seedlings showed similar increases(29.2% and 27.6%,respectively)in the treatment of seed soaking in 10-fold-diluted fermentation filtrate,and the emergence rate of seedlings increased by 44.0%-103.8% in the treatment of seed soaking in the 10~(-2)-10~(-4) dilutions of fermentation filtrate(P<0.05 for all).(ii)The mixed Streptomyces agent markedly improved induced resistance in wheat.Leaf POD activity increased by 46.7%-70.0% in the treatments of seed coating and soaking at appropriate rates,while 52.5%increase occurred in leaf PPO activity in the treatment of seed coating at 5 mg per grain compared with the control(P<0.05 for both).However,a decrease of 34.0%-40.2% was found in leaf MDA content in the treatment of seed soaking in the 10~(-2)-10~(-4) dilutions of fermentation filtrate compared with the control(P<0.05).Therefore,a mixture/combination of S.roche D74 and S.partum Act12 has significant effects in promoting seedling growth and increasing induced resistance in wheat.
In this study,the effects of two Streptomyces strains,S.roche D74 and S.partum Act12,on growth promotion and induced resistance in wheat were examined,in order to provide evidence for the application of streptomycete agents in wheat production.A mixed agent of the two test strains(1∶1 mass ratio)was applied at different rates and using different methods in petri dish germination,sand pot,and soil pot experiments.The germination rate,germination index,seed vigor,seedling growth parameters and induced resistance indices of wheat were analyzed.The results showed that(i)the mixed Streptomyces agent significantly promoted the growth of wheat.Compared with the control,the treatment of seed coating at 10 mg/per grain increased the germination rate by 41.9%,the germination index by 40.0%,the leaf area by 149.2%,the total fresh mass of the plant by 100%,and the fresh mass of roots by 220.0%(P<0.05 for all).The seed vigor increased by 31.8% in the treatment of seed soaking in 10-fold-diluted extract,while larger increase(62.7%)occurred in the root activity in the treatment of coating at 5 mg/per grain compared with the control(P<0.05 for both).The plant height and leaf area of wheat seedlings showed similar increases(29.2% and 27.6%,respectively)in the treatment of seed soaking in 10-fold-diluted fermentation filtrate,and the emergence rate of seedlings increased by 44.0%-103.8% in the treatment of seed soaking in the 10~(-2)-10~(-4) dilutions of fermentation filtrate(P<0.05 for all).(ii)The mixed Streptomyces agent markedly improved induced resistance in wheat.Leaf POD activity increased by 46.7%-70.0% in the treatments of seed coating and soaking at appropriate rates,while 52.5%increase occurred in leaf PPO activity in the treatment of seed coating at 5 mg per grain compared with the control(P<0.05 for both).However,a decrease of 34.0%-40.2% was found in leaf MDA content in the treatment of seed soaking in the 10~(-2)-10~(-4) dilutions of fermentation filtrate compared with the control(P<0.05).Therefore,a mixture/combination of S.roche D74 and S.partum Act12 has significant effects in promoting seedling growth and increasing induced resistance in wheat.
引文
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[3]张晶.基于GIS栅格尺度的我国冬小麦生产潜力研究[J].生态经济,2008(10):37-40.ZHANG J.Study on potential productivity of winter wheat in China based on GIS grid scale[J].Ecological Economy,2008(10):37-40.
[4]贺字典,高玉峰.生防菌在植物病害防治中的研究进展(综述)[J].河北职业技术师范学院学报,2002,17(2):57-59.HE Z D,GAO Y F.Research progress of biocontrol in plant disease control(review)[J].Journal of Hebei Polytechnic Normal University,2002,17(2):57-59.
[5]郑莉,梁建根,施跃峰.生防菌ZJH-10对黄瓜灰霉病诱导抗性的研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(3):197-201.ZHENG L,LIANG J G,SHI Y F.Study on the induced resistance of ZJH-10to cucumber gray mold[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(3):197-201.
[6]许英俊,薛泉宏,邢胜利,等.放线菌制剂对对草莓的促生作用及对PPO活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(6):146-153.XU Y J,XUE Q H,XING SH L,et al.Effects of actinomycete on the growth of strawberry and its effect on PPO activity[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2007,16(6):146-153.
[7]赵蕾,滕安娜.木霉对植物的促生及诱导抗性研究进展[J].植物保护,2010,36(3):43-46.ZHAO L,TENG A N.Advances in research on the promotion and resistance of Trichodermato plants[J].Plant Protection,2010,36(3):43-46.
[8]宋永燕,李平,李姝晋,等.生防细菌LM-3对水稻的促生性和诱导抗性研究[J].西南农业学报,2006,19(3):439-441.SONG Y Y,LI P,LI SH J,et al.Study on the promoting and inducing resistance of biocontrol bacterium LM-3to rice[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2006,19(3):439-441.
[9]张先成,张云湖,赵晓宇,等.枯草芽孢杆菌B29菌株对黄瓜植株的诱导抗性[J].武夷科学,2009(25):25-28.ZHANG X CH,ZHANG Y H,ZHAO X Y,et al.Induced resistance of bacillus subtilis B29to cucumber plants[J].Wuyi Science,2009(25):25-28.
[10]赵娟,杜军志,薛泉宏,等.3株放线菌对甜瓜幼苗的促生与抗性诱导作用[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(2):110-115.ZHAO J,DU J ZH,XUE Q H,et al.Effects of actinomycetes on the growth and resistance of muskmelon seedlings[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(2):110-115.
[11]陈秦,薛泉宏,申光辉,等.放线菌制剂对番茄PPO活性及生物量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):185-187.CHEN Q,XUE Q H,SHEN G H,et al.Effects of actinomyces on PPO activity and biomass[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2010,38(3):185-187.
[12]陈秦,薛泉宏,申光辉,等.放线菌对棉花幼苗生长及抗旱能力的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(8):84-89.CHEN Q,XUE Q H,SHEN G H,et al.Effect of actinomycetes on the growth and drought resistance of cotton seedling[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(8):84-89.
[13]段佳丽,薛泉宏,舒志明,等.放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响[J],生态学报,2015,35(6):1807-1819.DUAN J L,XUE Q H,SHU ZH M,et al.Effect of actinomycetes Act12combined with potassium humate on the growth and root zone microecology of salvia miltiorrhiza[J].Journal of Ecology,2015,35(6):1807-1819.
[14]郭志英,薛泉宏,张晓鹿,等.生防菌苗床接种对辣椒根域微生态及产量的影响[J],西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(4):160-165.GUO ZH Y,XUE Q H,ZHANG X L,et al.Effect of biocontrol vaccine seedbed on microecology and yield of hot pepper root zone[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2008,36(4):160-165.
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[16]刘丹,毕晓露,郭腾,等.广东万年青在北方地区温室环境下水培营养液配方筛选[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(4):667-674.LIU D,BI X L,GUO T,et al.Screening of Guangdong Wannianqing hydroponic nutrient solution in greenhouse in North China[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2015,52(4):667-674.
[17]郑坚,陈秋夏,金川,等.不同TTC法测定枫香等阔叶树容器苗根系活力探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2008(1):40-41.ZHENG J,CHEN Q X,JIN CH,et al.Study on the root system activity of container seedlings of broadleaf trees by different TTC methods[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2008(1):40-41.
[18]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:203-204.GAO J F.Experimental Instruction of Plant Physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:203-204.
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