摘要
白蚁-细菌-真菌共生系统对自然界生物质降解具有重要作用,研究蚁巢伞(Termitomyces)对木质纤维素的降解能力有助于揭示其共生关系,为蚁巢伞应用于生物质能源开发提供理论依据.利用黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus)菌圃(OFC)及其固体培养蚁巢伞(TA)、液体培养蚁巢伞(TL)分别对未经预处理和经密褐褶孔菌(Gloeophyllum trabeum)预处理材料进行降解试验,探究蚁巢伞的木质纤维素降解能力.结果显示,未经预处理时,处理90 d后,OFC对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为15.22%、29.34%和6.01%;处理120 d后,TA对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为20.98%、31.89%和11.68%,TL对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为14.39%、24.62%和5.05%.经过预处理时,处理120d后,OFC对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为37.09%、42.20%和24.95%,TA对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为34.77%、38.29%和29.74%,TL对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为30.57%、30.47%和24.36%. 3种状态蚁巢伞对经预处理材料木质纤维素降解率均高于未经预处理材料.本研究表明,蚁巢伞对木质纤维素具有一定的降解能力,尤其是蚁巢伞对木质素的降解说明其可以打破木质素屏障,证实了利用蚁巢伞的木质纤维素降解能力来实现生物质能源化的潜力,结果可为蚁巢伞的人工栽培提供数据和参考.(图4表2参39)
The symbiotic system formed by termites, bacteria, and fungi plays a very important role in the degradation of biomass in the natural world. Studying the ability of the symbiotic fungus Termitomyces to degrade lignocellulose will help reveal the nature of the relationship between Termitomyces and termites, and should also provide a theoretical basis for using Termitomyces to develop biomass energy. Wood material with and without pretreatment with the fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum was treated with either Odontotermes formosanus fungus combs(OFC), solid cultures of Termitomyces(TA), or liquid cultures of Termitomyces(TL) to investigate the ability of Termitomyces to degrade lignocellulose. In the non-pretreated wood material, the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by OFC were 15.22%, 29.34%, and 6.01%, respectively,when treated for 90 days, while the degradation rates of these by TA were 20.98%, 31.89%, and 11.68%, respectively, when treated for 120 days. The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the pretreated wood material by TL were14.39%, 24.62%, and 5.05%, respectively. In the pretreated wood material the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by OFC were 37.09%, 42.20%, and 24.95%, respectively, after 120 days of treatment, while the degradation rates of these by TA were 34.77%, 38.29%, and 29.74%, respectively, after 120 days. The degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by TL were 30.57%, 30.47%, and 24.36%, respectively. In addition, the degradation rates of lignocellulose in pretreated wood material by OFC, TA, and TL were higher than those in the non-pretreated wood material. Therefore, Termitomyces has some ability to degrade lignocellulose. In particular, the lignin biodegradation ability of Termitomyces shows that it can break the lignocellulosic lignin barrier. This confirms the potential for Termitomyces to be used to degrade lignocellulose to utilize the energy in woody biomass, and also indirectly provides reference values for the artificial cultivation of Termitomyces.
引文
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