黄淮南片麦区小麦耐倒春寒育种研究初探
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摘要
倒春寒是严重影响和制约黄淮南片麦区小麦生产的主要气象灾害之一。小麦受倒春寒的危害程度与霜冻天气、栽培条件和品种自身遗传等关系密切。为了给黄淮南片麦区小麦耐倒春寒育种提供参考,本文结合耐倒春寒品种(系)百农矮抗58、百农207等的育种实践,提出判断小麦品种耐倒春寒的4条基本原则:(1)在相同地区相同年份,发生倒春寒时,不同栽培条件下均未发生冻害或冻害较轻的品种;(2)在相同地区不同年份,无论任何生育时期发生倒春寒均未造成冻害或冻害较轻的品种;(3)在不同年份不同地区,发生倒春寒时,均未发生冻害或冻害较轻的品种;(4)在低温敏感期(穗分化时期)鉴定时未发生冻害或冻害较轻的品种。本文还分析了与小麦品种耐倒春寒能力强弱密切关联的冬春性和抽穗期、光温反应特性、植株健壮度、越冬期抗寒性、穗部结实性和受害后恢复能力等6类性状,拟定了小麦耐倒春寒育种的基本方法。
Late spring coldness is one of the main meteorological disasters seriously affecting and restricting the wheat production in the south of Huanghuai region in China.It is accepted that the damage is determined by the interaction effects among frosty weather,cultivation conditions and genetic inheritance of variety.In order to provide reference to wheat breeding for late spring coldness tolerance in south of Huanghuai region,based on the authors' practical experience of breeding a series of wheat varieties(lines) resistant to late spring coldness,such as Bainong AK58,Bainong 207,four basic criteria to judge the wheat tolerance to late spring coldness are as follows:(1) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury under different cultivation conditions once late spring coldness occurs in the same year and same region;(2) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs under different cultivation conditions at different growth stages in different year and same region;(3) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs in varied years and regions;(4) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs at panicle differentiation stage(a stage when plant is sensitive to the low temperature).A basic method for breeding wheat with late spring coldness tolerance is recommended,with six traits: heading date,thermal and photo-response characteristics,haleness status of plant,cold tolerance during the over-wintering period,seed-setting rate of ear and restoring capacity from freezing damage,taken into consideration.
Late spring coldness is one of the main meteorological disasters seriously affecting and restricting the wheat production in the south of Huanghuai region in China.It is accepted that the damage is determined by the interaction effects among frosty weather,cultivation conditions and genetic inheritance of variety.In order to provide reference to wheat breeding for late spring coldness tolerance in south of Huanghuai region,based on the authors' practical experience of breeding a series of wheat varieties(lines) resistant to late spring coldness,such as Bainong AK58,Bainong 207,four basic criteria to judge the wheat tolerance to late spring coldness are as follows:(1) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury under different cultivation conditions once late spring coldness occurs in the same year and same region;(2) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs under different cultivation conditions at different growth stages in different year and same region;(3) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs in varied years and regions;(4) the variety without or only lighter freezing injury once late spring coldness occurs at panicle differentiation stage(a stage when plant is sensitive to the low temperature).A basic method for breeding wheat with late spring coldness tolerance is recommended,with six traits: heading date,thermal and photo-response characteristics,haleness status of plant,cold tolerance during the over-wintering period,seed-setting rate of ear and restoring capacity from freezing damage,taken into consideration.
引文
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[3]赵虹,王西成,胡卫国,等.黄淮南片麦区小麦倒春寒冻害成因及预防措施 [J].河南农业科学,2014,43(8):34.ZHAO H,WANG X C,HU W G,et al.Genetic analysis and countermeasures of wheat late-spring-coldness injury in South Huanghuai wheat region [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(8):34.
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[9]陈贵菊,陈明丽,王福玉,等.药隔期低温对小麦生长发育的影响 [J].山东农业科学,2015,47(2):25.CHEN G J,CHEN M L,WANG F Y,et al.Influences of low temperature in connectivum period on wheat growth and development [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2015,47(2):25.
[10]MAQBOOL A,SHAFIQ S,LAKE L.Radiant frost tolerance in pulse crops-a review [J].Euphytica,2010,172(1):1.
[11]刘璇,王瑞丽,周伟,等.春季低温对冬小麦穗部发育和粒重的影响 [J].河南农业大学学报,2013,47(4):373.LIU X,WANG R L,ZHOU W,et al.Effect of spring low temperature on ear development and grain weight of winter wheat [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University,2013,47(4):373.
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[13]胡新,任德超,倪永静,等.冬小麦籽粒产量及其构成要素随晚霜冻害变化规律研究 [J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):575.HU X,REN D C,NI Y J,et al.Impacts of late frost on grain yield and its components of winter wheat [J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(5):575.
[14]张志伟,王法宏,李升东,等.不同类型小麦品种孕穗期低温生理反应及其抗寒性分析 [J].麦类作物学报,2012,32(5):900.ZHANG Z W,WANG F H,LI S D,et al.Analysis on the physiological reaction to low temperature at booting stage and their cold resistance of different types of wheat varieties [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2012,32(5):900.
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[17]李春燕,徐雯,刘立伟,等.药隔至开花期低温对小麦产量和生理特性的影响 [J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(1):77.LI C Y,XU W,LIU L W,et al.Effect of short-time low temperature from anther connective stage to anthesis on wheat yield and physiological characteristics [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2016,36(1):77.
[18]卫秀英,欧行奇,李新华,等.黄淮地区冬春季低温胁迫对小麦生理特性的影响 [J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(1):47.WEI X Y,OU X Q,LI X H,et al.Change of physiological characteristics of different wheat varieties under the low temperature in winter and spring in Huanghuai area [J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2009,48(1):47.
[19]GALIBA G,VáGùJFALVIA,LI C X,et al.Regulatory genes involved in the determination of frost tolerance in temperate cereals [J].Plant Science,2009,176(1):12.
[20]MORRAN S,EINI O,PYVOVARENKO T,et al.Improvement of stress tolerance of wheat and barley by modulation of expression of DREB/CBF factors[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal,2011,9(2):230.
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