Recalcitrant carbon controls the magnitude of soil organic matter mineralization in temperate forests of northern China
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摘要
Background: The large potential of the soil organic carbon(SOC) pool to sequester CO_2 from the atmosphere could greatly ameliorate the effect of future climate change. However, the quantity of carbon stored in terrestrial soils largely depends upon the magnitude of SOC mineralization. SOC mineralization constitutes an important part of the carbon cycle, and is driven by many biophysical variables, such as temperature and moisture.Methods: Soil samples of a pine forest, an oak forest, and a pine and oak mixed forest were incubated for 387 days under conditions with six temperature settings(5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C) and three levels of soil moisture content(SMC, 30%, 60%, 90%). The instantaneous rate of mineralized SOC was periodically and automatically measured using a Li-Cor CO_2 analyzer. Based on the measured amount of mineralized SOC,carbon fractions were estimated separately via first-order kinetic one-and two-compartment models.Results: During the 387 day incubation experiment, accumulative mineralized carbon ranged from 22.89 mg carbon(C) ·g~(-1) SOC at 30 °C and 30% SMC for the mixed forest to 109.20 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 15 °C and 90% SMC for the oak forest. Mineralized recalcitrant carbon varied from 18.48 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 30 °C and 30% SMC for the mixed forest to 104.98 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 15 °C and 90% SMC for the oak forest, and contributed at least 80% to total mineralized carbon.Conclusions: Based on the results of this experiment, the soil organic matter of the pure broadleaved forest is more vulnerable to soil microbial degradation in northern China; most of the amount of the mineralized SOC derived from the recalcitrant carbon pool. Labile carbon fraction constitutes on average 0.4% of SOC across the three forest types and was rapidly digested by soil microbes in the early incubation stage. SOC mineralization markedly increased with soil moisture content, and correlated parabolically to temperature with the highest value at 15 °C. No significant interaction was detected among these variables in the present study.
Background: The large potential of the soil organic carbon(SOC) pool to sequester CO_2 from the atmosphere could greatly ameliorate the effect of future climate change. However, the quantity of carbon stored in terrestrial soils largely depends upon the magnitude of SOC mineralization. SOC mineralization constitutes an important part of the carbon cycle, and is driven by many biophysical variables, such as temperature and moisture.Methods: Soil samples of a pine forest, an oak forest, and a pine and oak mixed forest were incubated for 387 days under conditions with six temperature settings(5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C) and three levels of soil moisture content(SMC, 30%, 60%, 90%). The instantaneous rate of mineralized SOC was periodically and automatically measured using a Li-Cor CO_2 analyzer. Based on the measured amount of mineralized SOC,carbon fractions were estimated separately via first-order kinetic one-and two-compartment models.Results: During the 387 day incubation experiment, accumulative mineralized carbon ranged from 22.89 mg carbon(C) ·g~(-1) SOC at 30 °C and 30% SMC for the mixed forest to 109.20 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 15 °C and 90% SMC for the oak forest. Mineralized recalcitrant carbon varied from 18.48 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 30 °C and 30% SMC for the mixed forest to 104.98 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 15 °C and 90% SMC for the oak forest, and contributed at least 80% to total mineralized carbon.Conclusions: Based on the results of this experiment, the soil organic matter of the pure broadleaved forest is more vulnerable to soil microbial degradation in northern China; most of the amount of the mineralized SOC derived from the recalcitrant carbon pool. Labile carbon fraction constitutes on average 0.4% of SOC across the three forest types and was rapidly digested by soil microbes in the early incubation stage. SOC mineralization markedly increased with soil moisture content, and correlated parabolically to temperature with the highest value at 15 °C. No significant interaction was detected among these variables in the present study.
Background: The large potential of the soil organic carbon(SOC) pool to sequester CO_2 from the atmosphere could greatly ameliorate the effect of future climate change. However, the quantity of carbon stored in terrestrial soils largely depends upon the magnitude of SOC mineralization. SOC mineralization constitutes an important part of the carbon cycle, and is driven by many biophysical variables, such as temperature and moisture.Methods: Soil samples of a pine forest, an oak forest, and a pine and oak mixed forest were incubated for 387 days under conditions with six temperature settings(5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C) and three levels of soil moisture content(SMC, 30%, 60%, 90%). The instantaneous rate of mineralized SOC was periodically and automatically measured using a Li-Cor CO_2 analyzer. Based on the measured amount of mineralized SOC,carbon fractions were estimated separately via first-order kinetic one-and two-compartment models.Results: During the 387 day incubation experiment, accumulative mineralized carbon ranged from 22.89 mg carbon(C) ·g~(-1) SOC at 30 °C and 30% SMC for the mixed forest to 109.20 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 15 °C and 90% SMC for the oak forest. Mineralized recalcitrant carbon varied from 18.48 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 30 °C and 30% SMC for the mixed forest to 104.98 mg C·g~(-1) SOC at 15 °C and 90% SMC for the oak forest, and contributed at least 80% to total mineralized carbon.Conclusions: Based on the results of this experiment, the soil organic matter of the pure broadleaved forest is more vulnerable to soil microbial degradation in northern China; most of the amount of the mineralized SOC derived from the recalcitrant carbon pool. Labile carbon fraction constitutes on average 0.4% of SOC across the three forest types and was rapidly digested by soil microbes in the early incubation stage. SOC mineralization markedly increased with soil moisture content, and correlated parabolically to temperature with the highest value at 15 °C. No significant interaction was detected among these variables in the present study.
引文
Andrén O,Paustian K(1987)Barley straw decomposition in the field:a comparison of models.Ecology 68:1190-1200
Boberg JB,Finlay RD,Stenlid J,Lindahl BD(2010)Fungal C translocation restricts N-mineralization in heterogeneous environments.Funct Ecol 24:454-459
Davidson EA,Samanta S,Caramori AA,Savage K(2012)The dual Arrhenius and Michaelis-Menten kinetics model for decomposition of soil organic matter at hourly to seasonal time scales.Globe Change Biol 18:371-384
Demoling F,Figueroa D,B??th E(2007)Comparison of factors limiting bacterial growth in different soils.Soil Biol Biochem 39:2485-2495
Fang C,Smith P,Moncrieff JB,Smith JU(2005)Similar response of labile and resistant soil organic matter pools to changes in temperature.Nature 433:57-59
Fissore C,Giardina CP,Kolka RK,Trettin CC,King GM,Jurgensen MF,Barton CD,Mcdowell SD(2008)Temperature and vegetation effects on soil organic carbon quality along a forested mean annual temperature gradient in North America.Globe Change Biol 14:193-205
Fontaine S,Mariotti A,Abbadie L(2003)The priming effect of organic matter:a question of microbial competition?Soil Biol Biochem 35:837-843
Gallaher RN,Weldon CO,Boswell FC(1976)A semiautomated procedure for total nitrogen in plant and soil samples.Soil Sci Soc Am J 40:887-889
Giardina CP,Ryan MG(2000)Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature.Nature 404:858-861
Hamdi S,Moyano F,Sall S,Bernoux M,Chevallier T(2013)Synthesis analysis of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration from laboratory studies in relation to incubation methods and soil conditions.Soil Biol Biochem58:115-126
He N,Wang R,Gao Y,Dai J,Wen X,Yu G(2013)Changes in the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition with grassland succession:implications for soil C sequestration.Ecol Evol 3:5045-5054
Howard DM,Howard PJA(1993)Relationships between CO2evolution,moisturecontent and temperature for a range of soil types.Soil Biol Biochem25:1537-1546
Kirschbaum MUF(2000)Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming?Biogeochemistry 48:21-51
Kirschbaum MUF(2006)The temperature dependence of organic-matter decomposition-still a topic of debate.Soil Biol Biochem 38:2510-2518
Leifeld J,Führer J(2005)Temperature response of CO2production from bulk soils and soil fractions is related to soil organic matter quality.Biogeochemistry 75:433-453
Mills RTE,Tipping E,Bryant CL,Emmett BA(2014)Long-term organic carbon turnover rates in natural and semi-natural topsoils.Biogeochemistry118:257-272
Nelson DW,Sommers LE(1982)Total carbon,organic carbon,and organic matter.In:Page AL,Miller RH,DR K(eds)Methods of soil analysis.American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society,Madison,pp 101-129
Rasmussen C,Southard RJ,Horwath WR(2006)Mineral control of organic carbon mineralization in a range of temperate conifer forest soils.Globe Change Biol 12:834-847
Reichstein M,Bednorz F,Broll G,K?tterer T(2000)Temperature dependence of carbon mineralisation:conclusions from a long-term incubation of subalpine soil samples.Soil Biol Biochem 32:947-958
Rey A,Jarvis P(2006)Modelling the effect of temperature on carbon mineralization rates across a network of European forest sites(FORCAST).Globe Change Biol 12:1894-1908
Rey A,Pegoraro E,Jarvis PG(2008)Carbon mineralization rates at different soil depths across a network of European forest sites(FORCAST).Eur J Soil Sci 59:1049-1062
Rey A,Petsikos C,Jarvis PG,Grace J(2005)Effect of temperature and moisture on rates of carbon mineralization in a Mediterranean oak forest soil under controlled and field conditions.Eur J Soil Sci 56:589-599
Riffaldi R,Saviozzi A,Levi-Minzi R(1996)Carbon mineralization kinetics as influenced by soil properties.Biol Fertil Soils 22:293-298
Sanford G,Smith SJ(1972)Nitrogen mineralization potential of soils.Soil Sci Soc Am Pro 36:465-472
Strickland MS,Rousk J(2010)Considering fungal:bacterial dominance in soilsmethods,controls,and ecosystem implications.Soil Biol Biochem 42:1385-1395
Vance ED,Brookes PC,Jenkinson DS(1987a)Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils:determination of kCvalues and tests of hypotheses to explain the failure of the chloroform fumigation-incubation method in acid soils.Soil Biol Biochem 19:689-696
Vance ED,Brookes PC,Jenkinson DS(1987b)An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C.Soil Biol Biochem 19:703-707
von Lützow M,K?gel-Knabner I,Ekschmitt K,Flessa H,Guggenberger G,Matzner E,Marschner B(2007)SOM fractionation methods:relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms.Soil Biol Biochem 39:2183-2207
Wang X,Li X,Hu Y,LüJ,Sun J,Li Z,He H(2010)Potential carbon mineralization of permafrost peatlands in great Hing’an mountains,China.Wetlands30:747-756
Yang L,Pan J,Yuan S(2006)Predicting dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization with a double exponential model in different forest belts of China.J For Res 17:39-43
Yuan G,Theng BKG,Parfitt RL,Percival HJ(2000)Interactions of allophane with humic acid and cations.Eur J Soil Sci 51:35-41
Zhou Z,Guo C,Meng H(2013)Temperature sensitivity and basal rate of soil respiration and their determinants in temperate forests of North China.PLo S One,e81793 8(12).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091793
Boberg JB,Finlay RD,Stenlid J,Lindahl BD(2010)Fungal C translocation restricts N-mineralization in heterogeneous environments.Funct Ecol 24:454-459
Davidson EA,Samanta S,Caramori AA,Savage K(2012)The dual Arrhenius and Michaelis-Menten kinetics model for decomposition of soil organic matter at hourly to seasonal time scales.Globe Change Biol 18:371-384
Demoling F,Figueroa D,B??th E(2007)Comparison of factors limiting bacterial growth in different soils.Soil Biol Biochem 39:2485-2495
Fang C,Smith P,Moncrieff JB,Smith JU(2005)Similar response of labile and resistant soil organic matter pools to changes in temperature.Nature 433:57-59
Fissore C,Giardina CP,Kolka RK,Trettin CC,King GM,Jurgensen MF,Barton CD,Mcdowell SD(2008)Temperature and vegetation effects on soil organic carbon quality along a forested mean annual temperature gradient in North America.Globe Change Biol 14:193-205
Fontaine S,Mariotti A,Abbadie L(2003)The priming effect of organic matter:a question of microbial competition?Soil Biol Biochem 35:837-843
Gallaher RN,Weldon CO,Boswell FC(1976)A semiautomated procedure for total nitrogen in plant and soil samples.Soil Sci Soc Am J 40:887-889
Giardina CP,Ryan MG(2000)Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature.Nature 404:858-861
Hamdi S,Moyano F,Sall S,Bernoux M,Chevallier T(2013)Synthesis analysis of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration from laboratory studies in relation to incubation methods and soil conditions.Soil Biol Biochem58:115-126
He N,Wang R,Gao Y,Dai J,Wen X,Yu G(2013)Changes in the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition with grassland succession:implications for soil C sequestration.Ecol Evol 3:5045-5054
Howard DM,Howard PJA(1993)Relationships between CO2evolution,moisturecontent and temperature for a range of soil types.Soil Biol Biochem25:1537-1546
Kirschbaum MUF(2000)Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming?Biogeochemistry 48:21-51
Kirschbaum MUF(2006)The temperature dependence of organic-matter decomposition-still a topic of debate.Soil Biol Biochem 38:2510-2518
Leifeld J,Führer J(2005)Temperature response of CO2production from bulk soils and soil fractions is related to soil organic matter quality.Biogeochemistry 75:433-453
Mills RTE,Tipping E,Bryant CL,Emmett BA(2014)Long-term organic carbon turnover rates in natural and semi-natural topsoils.Biogeochemistry118:257-272
Nelson DW,Sommers LE(1982)Total carbon,organic carbon,and organic matter.In:Page AL,Miller RH,DR K(eds)Methods of soil analysis.American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society,Madison,pp 101-129
Rasmussen C,Southard RJ,Horwath WR(2006)Mineral control of organic carbon mineralization in a range of temperate conifer forest soils.Globe Change Biol 12:834-847
Reichstein M,Bednorz F,Broll G,K?tterer T(2000)Temperature dependence of carbon mineralisation:conclusions from a long-term incubation of subalpine soil samples.Soil Biol Biochem 32:947-958
Rey A,Jarvis P(2006)Modelling the effect of temperature on carbon mineralization rates across a network of European forest sites(FORCAST).Globe Change Biol 12:1894-1908
Rey A,Pegoraro E,Jarvis PG(2008)Carbon mineralization rates at different soil depths across a network of European forest sites(FORCAST).Eur J Soil Sci 59:1049-1062
Rey A,Petsikos C,Jarvis PG,Grace J(2005)Effect of temperature and moisture on rates of carbon mineralization in a Mediterranean oak forest soil under controlled and field conditions.Eur J Soil Sci 56:589-599
Riffaldi R,Saviozzi A,Levi-Minzi R(1996)Carbon mineralization kinetics as influenced by soil properties.Biol Fertil Soils 22:293-298
Sanford G,Smith SJ(1972)Nitrogen mineralization potential of soils.Soil Sci Soc Am Pro 36:465-472
Strickland MS,Rousk J(2010)Considering fungal:bacterial dominance in soilsmethods,controls,and ecosystem implications.Soil Biol Biochem 42:1385-1395
Vance ED,Brookes PC,Jenkinson DS(1987a)Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils:determination of kCvalues and tests of hypotheses to explain the failure of the chloroform fumigation-incubation method in acid soils.Soil Biol Biochem 19:689-696
Vance ED,Brookes PC,Jenkinson DS(1987b)An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C.Soil Biol Biochem 19:703-707
von Lützow M,K?gel-Knabner I,Ekschmitt K,Flessa H,Guggenberger G,Matzner E,Marschner B(2007)SOM fractionation methods:relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms.Soil Biol Biochem 39:2183-2207
Wang X,Li X,Hu Y,LüJ,Sun J,Li Z,He H(2010)Potential carbon mineralization of permafrost peatlands in great Hing’an mountains,China.Wetlands30:747-756
Yang L,Pan J,Yuan S(2006)Predicting dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization with a double exponential model in different forest belts of China.J For Res 17:39-43
Yuan G,Theng BKG,Parfitt RL,Percival HJ(2000)Interactions of allophane with humic acid and cations.Eur J Soil Sci 51:35-41
Zhou Z,Guo C,Meng H(2013)Temperature sensitivity and basal rate of soil respiration and their determinants in temperate forests of North China.PLo S One,e81793 8(12).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091793