托木尔峰国家级保护区苔藓植物生态群落调查
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摘要
通过对托木尔峰国家级自然保护区苔藓进行调查与种类的鉴定统计得出,该地区现知苔藓植物41科,79属,246种(含9个变种),其中藓类22科,54属,202种,苔类19科,25属,44种;其中侧蒴藓类为65种,顶蒴藓类为137种.该保护区苔藓植物物种多样性丰富的优势科(种数≥10)分别为丛藓科、真藓科、紫萼藓科、青藓科、提灯藓科、柳叶藓科;优势属(种数≥6)分别为真藓属、对齿藓属、青藓属、紫萼藓属、灰藓属、提灯藓属、木灵藓属、赤藓属、大帽藓属、丝瓜藓属.将该区的苔藓群落分为土生,石生,木生及水生群落等4种生态类型.该区以土生群落为主,占69.1%,其次是石生群落,木生群落,分布最少的是水生群落.
Based on detailed field investigation, collection of specimens and identification of Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve, about 246 species, which belongs to 79 geneus and 41 families(including subspecies) were reported in this paper. Among them the pleurocarpous mosses are 65, acrocarpous mosses are 137, both of them belong to 11 families. Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Grimmiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Mniaceae and Amblystegiaceae are the dominant families and Bryum, Didymodon, Brachythecium, Grimmia, Hypnum, Mnium, Orthotrichum, Syntrichia, Encalypta and Pohlia are dominant genus. In this area there are four types of bryophytes communities recogonized: Hydrophytia, Petrophytia, Geophytia and Epixylophytia. Geophytia is the dominant one and the Hydrophytia is scarce.
Based on detailed field investigation, collection of specimens and identification of Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve, about 246 species, which belongs to 79 geneus and 41 families(including subspecies) were reported in this paper. Among them the pleurocarpous mosses are 65, acrocarpous mosses are 137, both of them belong to 11 families. Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Grimmiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Mniaceae and Amblystegiaceae are the dominant families and Bryum, Didymodon, Brachythecium, Grimmia, Hypnum, Mnium, Orthotrichum, Syntrichia, Encalypta and Pohlia are dominant genus. In this area there are four types of bryophytes communities recogonized: Hydrophytia, Petrophytia, Geophytia and Epixylophytia. Geophytia is the dominant one and the Hydrophytia is scarce.
引文
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[15]熊嘉武.新疆天山东部山地综合科学考察[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015:247-253.XIONG J W.Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of Mountainous Areas in the Eastern Part of Tianshan[M].Beijing:Xinjiang China Forestry Press,2015:247-253.(Ch).
[16]买买提明·苏来曼.喀纳斯国家级自然保护区苔藓生态群落调查[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):667-679.Sulayman M.A survey on the ecological communities of the bryophytes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(5):667-679.(Ch).
[18]王挺杨.乌鲁木齐河源区苔藓生物多样性及生态学研究[D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2015.WANG T Y.Studies on Diversity and Ecology of Bryophytes in the Headwaters Region of Urumqi River[D].Hangzhou:Hangzhou Normal University,2015.(Ch).
[19]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆三工河流域苔藓植物生活型分析[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):172-177.Zhang Y M,Cao T,Pan B R.Analysis on life forms of bryophyte in Sangong River Valley,Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2002,22(2):172-177.(Ch).
[20]赵建成,吴跃峰,李盼威,等.温带暖温带交接带生物多样性研究(木兰围场自然保护区科学考察集)[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:69-72.ZHAO J C,WU Y F,LI P W,et al.Study on Biodiversity of Temperate and Warm Temperate Junction Zone(Scientific Investigation Collection of Mulanweichang Nature Reserve)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:69-72.(Ch).
[21]白学良,赵连梅,孙维,等.贺兰山苔藓植物物种多样性、生物量及生态作用的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1998,29(1):118-124.BAI X L,ZHAO L M,SUN W,et al.A preliminary study on the species diversity,phytomass and ecological effect of Bryophytes in Helan Mountain,China[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol(Natural Science),1998,29(1):118-124.(Ch).
[22]GANA G,LILYANA Y.Water pollutant monitoring with aquatic bryophytes:a review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2014,12(1):49-61.
[2]蒋志刚,马克平,韩兴国.保护生物学[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1997.JIANG Z G,MA K P,HAN X G.Conservation Biology[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,1997.(Ch).
[3]张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995.ZHANG J T.Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Methods[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1995.(Ch).
[4]徐祥浩.植物群落和植被的概念[J].生物学通报,1958(4):1-4.XU X H.Concepts of plant communities and vegetation[J].Bulletin of Biology,1958(4):1-4.(Ch).
[5]田晔林.北京百花山自然保护区苔藓植物多样性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010:61-118.TIAN Y L.The Diversity of Bryophytes in Baihua Mountain Nature Reserve in Beijing[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010:61-118.(Ch).
[6]胡人亮,王幼芳.中国苔藓志(第七卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:189-232.HU R L,WANG Y F.Flora Bryophytorum Sinicorum(Volume 7)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:189-232.(Ch).
[7]陈邦杰.中国藓类植物属志(上册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:1-304.CHEN B J.Genera Muscorum Sinicorum(Volume 1)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1963:1-304.(Ch).
[8]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆三工河流域的苔藓植物及其分布特征[J].干旱区研究,2002,19(1):39-43.ZHANG Y M,CAO T,PAN B R.Study on bryophytes and their distribution patterns in Sangong River Watershed,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2002,19(1):39-43.(Ch).
[9]曹敏,李忠勤,李慧林.天山托木尔峰地区青冰滩72号冰川表面运动速度特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(1):21-29.CAO M,LI Z Q,LI H L.Features of the surface flow velocity on the Qingbingtan Glacier No.72,Tianshan Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(1):21-29.(Ch).
[10]王建,丁永建,刘时银,等.近40年来托木尔峰南部地区气候及水文环境变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(2):118-123.WANG J,DING Y J,LIU S Y,et al.Characteristics of climatic and hydrological variation in Southern Tuomuer,Tianshan,Xinjiang during the past 40years[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(2):118-123.(Ch).
[11]王先业.天山托木尔峰地区的生物[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1985:177-181.WANG X Y.Biology in Tomur Peak,Tianshan[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Peoples Press,1985:177-181.(Ch).
[12]周光辉,熊嘉武,黄成才,等.新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区综合科学考察报告[R].长沙:国家林业局中南林业调查规划设计院,2012:1-75.ZHOU G H,XIONG J W,HUANG C C,et al.Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Report of Tomur Peak National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang[M].Changsha:Central South Forestry Investigation Planning and Design Institute,State Forestry Administration,2012:1-75.(Ch).
[13]陈邦杰.中国苔藓植物生态群落和地理分布的初步报告[J].植物分类学报,1958,7(4):271-293.CHEN B J.Preliminary report on ecological community and geographical distribution of bryophytes in China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Taxonomy,1958,7(4):271-293.(Ch).
[14]李维东.新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区综合科学考察[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2013:142-145.LI W D.Scientific Survey of the ArjinsShan Nature reserve of China[M].Xinjiang Science and Technology Press,2013:142-145.(Ch).
[15]熊嘉武.新疆天山东部山地综合科学考察[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015:247-253.XIONG J W.Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of Mountainous Areas in the Eastern Part of Tianshan[M].Beijing:Xinjiang China Forestry Press,2015:247-253.(Ch).
[16]买买提明·苏来曼.喀纳斯国家级自然保护区苔藓生态群落调查[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(5):667-679.Sulayman M.A survey on the ecological communities of the bryophytes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(5):667-679.(Ch).
[18]王挺杨.乌鲁木齐河源区苔藓生物多样性及生态学研究[D].杭州:杭州师范大学,2015.WANG T Y.Studies on Diversity and Ecology of Bryophytes in the Headwaters Region of Urumqi River[D].Hangzhou:Hangzhou Normal University,2015.(Ch).
[19]张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.新疆三工河流域苔藓植物生活型分析[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):172-177.Zhang Y M,Cao T,Pan B R.Analysis on life forms of bryophyte in Sangong River Valley,Xinjiang[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2002,22(2):172-177.(Ch).
[20]赵建成,吴跃峰,李盼威,等.温带暖温带交接带生物多样性研究(木兰围场自然保护区科学考察集)[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:69-72.ZHAO J C,WU Y F,LI P W,et al.Study on Biodiversity of Temperate and Warm Temperate Junction Zone(Scientific Investigation Collection of Mulanweichang Nature Reserve)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:69-72.(Ch).
[21]白学良,赵连梅,孙维,等.贺兰山苔藓植物物种多样性、生物量及生态作用的研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1998,29(1):118-124.BAI X L,ZHAO L M,SUN W,et al.A preliminary study on the species diversity,phytomass and ecological effect of Bryophytes in Helan Mountain,China[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis NeiMongol(Natural Science),1998,29(1):118-124.(Ch).
[22]GANA G,LILYANA Y.Water pollutant monitoring with aquatic bryophytes:a review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2014,12(1):49-61.