利用热喷涂技术制备二氧化钛光催化涂层研究现状与展望
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摘要
纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)因稳定、廉价、无毒等优势,成为研究与应用最广泛的光催化剂。为了解决颗粒状催化剂难以回收、易于造成二次污染等缺点,制备TiO_2涂层是较为理想的选择。热喷涂技术具有成本低、效率高、容易实现大面积制备等优势,在Ti O2涂层制备研究中得到广泛关注。基于此,本文综述了等离子喷涂、火焰喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂、冷喷涂技术在制备纳米TiO_2涂层方面的研究现状,并分析了影响TiO_2涂层光催化性能的关键制备因素,讨论了多种热喷涂技术在涂层微观结构控制与性能调控方面的研究现状,并对未来发展做了展望。
Titanium dioxide(TiO_2) has been emerging as the most extensively studied photocatalyst due to its advantages of physicochemical stability,cost efficiency and non-toxicity.To tackle the difficulties in recycling the particulate photocatalyst and the problems of potential secondary pollution,practical use of TiO_2 in coating form has been an ideal choice.Thermal spray technology offers the advantages of high coating fabrication efficiency and ease of economic large-scale deposition,and has attracted attention in making nano-TiO_2 coatings.This paper reviews the current research status of plasma spray,flame spray,high velocity oxy-fuel spray and cold spray techniques in depositing TiO_2 coatings for photocatalytic performances.Correlation between the key spray factors and the properties of the photocatalytic coatings is summarized.The tailored microstructure and photocatalytic activities of the coatings made by the various thermal spray techniques are comprehensively discussed,and the prospective development of thermal sprayed photocatalytic coatings is addressed.
Titanium dioxide(TiO_2) has been emerging as the most extensively studied photocatalyst due to its advantages of physicochemical stability,cost efficiency and non-toxicity.To tackle the difficulties in recycling the particulate photocatalyst and the problems of potential secondary pollution,practical use of TiO_2 in coating form has been an ideal choice.Thermal spray technology offers the advantages of high coating fabrication efficiency and ease of economic large-scale deposition,and has attracted attention in making nano-TiO_2 coatings.This paper reviews the current research status of plasma spray,flame spray,high velocity oxy-fuel spray and cold spray techniques in depositing TiO_2 coatings for photocatalytic performances.Correlation between the key spray factors and the properties of the photocatalytic coatings is summarized.The tailored microstructure and photocatalytic activities of the coatings made by the various thermal spray techniques are comprehensively discussed,and the prospective development of thermal sprayed photocatalytic coatings is addressed.
引文
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[23]Yang G J,Li C J,Han F,et al.Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and photocatalytic performance of nanostructured Ti O2 coatings through flame spraying with liquid feedstocks[J].J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B.2004,22(5):2364-2368.
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[26]Liu Y,Huang J,Ding S,et al.Deposition,characterization,and enhanced adherence of escherichia coli bacteria on flame-sprayed photocatalytictitania-hydroxyapatite coatings[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2013,22(6):1053-1062.
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[29]Bolelli G,Cannillo V,Gadow R,et al.Properties of high velocity suspension flame sprayed(HVSFS)TiO2 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2009,203(12):1722-1732.
[30]Bemporad E,Bolelli G,CannilloV,et al.Structural characterization of high velocity suspension flame sprayed(HVSFS)TiO2 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2010,204(23):3902-3910.
[31]Yamada M,Isago H,Nakano H,et al.Cold spraying of TiO2photocatalyst coating with nitrogen process gas[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2010,19(6):1218-1223.
[32]Yang G J,Li C J,Fan S Q,et al.Influence of annealing on photocatalytic performance and adhesion of vacuum coldsprayed nanostructured TiO2 coating[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2007,16(5-6):873-880.
[33]Salim N T,Yamada M,Nakano H,et al.The effect of posttreatments on the powder morphology of TiO2 powders synthesized for cold spray[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2011,206(2-3):366-371.
[34]Kliemann J O,Gutzmann H,Gaertner F,et al.Formation of cold-sprayed ceramic titanium dioxide layers on metal surfaces[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2011,20(1-2):292-298.
[35]Robotti M,Dosta S,Fernandez Rodriguez C,et al.Photocatalytic abatement of NOx by C-TiO2/polymer composite coatings obtained by low pressure cold gas spraying[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.2016,362:274-280.
[36]Schmidt K,Buhl S,Davoudi N,et al.Ti surface modification by cold spraying with TiO2 microparticles[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2017,309:749-758.
[37]Baszczuk A,Jasiorski M,Winnicki M,Low temperature transformation of amorphous sol-gel TiO2 powder to anatase during cold spray deposition[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2018,27(8):1551-1562.
[38]Yao H L,Yang G J,Li C J,Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification for bonding formation of solid-state Ti O2 nano-particles induced by high velocity collision[J].Ceram.Int.2019,45(4):4700-4706.
[39]Leary R,Westwood A,Carbonaceous nanomaterials for the enhancement of TiO2 photocatalysis[J].Carbon.2011,49(3):741-772.
[40]Carmen Bordes M,.Vicent M,Moreno A,et al.Preparation of feedstocks from nano/submicron-sized TiO2 particles to obtain photocatalytic coatings by atmospheric plasma spraying[J].Ceram.Int.2014,40(10):16213-16225.
[41]Ye F X,Ohmori A,Tsumura T,et al.Microstructural analysis and photocatalytic activity of plasma-sprayed titania-hydroxyapatite coatings[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2017,16(5-6):776-782.
[42]Burlacov I,Jirkovsky J,Muller M,et al.Induction plasmasprayed photocatalytically active titania coatings and their characterisation by micro-Raman spectroscopy[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2016,201(1-2):255-264.
[43]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Begin S,et al.Microstructure and environmental functionalities of TiO2-supported photocatalysts obtained by suspension plasma spraying[J].Appl.Catal.B.2006,68(1-2):74-84.
[44]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Klein D,et al.Nanostructured photocatalytictitania coatings formed by suspension plasma spraying[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2006,15(4):587-592.
[45]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Begin S,et al.Microstructure and environmental functionalities of TiO2-supported photocatalysts obtained by suspension plasma spraying[J].Appl.Catal.B.2006,68(1-2):74-84.
[46]Jaworski R,Pawlowski L,Roudet F,et al.Influence of suspension plasma spraying process parameters on TiO2 coatings microstructure[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2008,17(1):73-81.
[47]Kozerski S,Toma F L,Pawlowski L,et al.Suspension plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings using different injectors and their photocatalytic properties[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2010,205(4):980-986.
[48]Yi Z,Wei W,Lee S,et al.Photocatalytic performance of plasma sprayed Pt-modified TiO2 coatings under visible light irradiation[J].,Catal.Commun.2007,8(6):906-912.
[49]Mauer G,Guignard A,Vassen R,Plasma spraying of efficient photoactive TiO2 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2013,220:40-43.
[50]Ye F X,Ohmori A,The photocatalytic activity and photoabsorption of plasma sprayed TiO2-Fe3O4 binary oxide coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2002,160(1):62-67.
[51]Ye F X,Ohmori A,Li C J,New approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings using p-n junctions[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2004,184(2-3):233-238.
[52]Zeng Y,Liu J T,Wu W,et al.Photocatalytic performance of plasma sprayed TiO2-Zn Fe2O4 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2005,200(7):2398-2402.
[53]Li D,Zhang X,Li J,et al.Effects of Si doping on structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 coatings deposited by solution plasma spraying[J].Surf.Technol.2018,47(5):220-226.
[2]Schneider J,Matsuoka M,Takeuchi M,et al.Understanding TiO2photocatalysis:mechanisms and materials[J].Chem.Rev.2014,114(19):9919-9986.
[3]Lee C,Choi H,Lee C,et al.Photocatalytic properties of nanostructured TiO2 plasma sprayed coating[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2003,173(2-3):192-200.
[4]Bordes M C,Vicent M,Moreno R,et al.Application of plasmasprayed TiO2 coatings for industrial tannery wastewater treatment[J].Ceram.Int.2015,41(10):14468-14474.
[5]Yao S W,Liu T,Li C J,et al.Epitaxial growth during the rapid solidification of plasma-sprayed molten TiO2 splat[J].Acta Mater.2017,134:66-80.
[6]Robinson B W,Tighe C J,Gruar R I,et al.Suspension plasma sprayed coatings using dilute hydrothermally produced titaniafeedstocks for photocatalyticapplications[J].J.Mater.Chem.A.2015,3(24):12680-12689.
[7]Kumar R,Govindarajan S,Janardhana R K S K,et al.Facile onestep route for the development of in situ cocatalyst-modified Ti3+self-doped TiO2 for improved visible-light photocatalytic activity[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces.2016,8(41):27642-27653.
[8]Robinson B,Tabecki A,Paul S,et al.A comparison of the potential capability of SFS,SPS and HVSFS for the production of photocatalytictitaniacoatings[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2016,26(1-2):161-172.
[9]Puddu P,Popa S,Bolelli G,et al.Suspension HVOF spraying of TiO2 using a liquid-fueled torch[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2018,349:677-694.
[10]Herrmann Geppert I,Bogdanoff P,Emmler T,et al.Cold gas spraying-a promising technique for photoelectrodes the example Ti O2[J].Catal.Today.2016,260:140-147.
[11]Yu Q,Zhou C,Plasma spraying of the nano-structured TiO2coatings and its photocatalyticproperties[J].J.Beijing University Aeronautics Astronautics.2007:33(5):608-612.
[12]Bozorgtabar M,Rahimipour M,Salehi M,et al.Structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coatings deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2011,205:S229-S231.
[13]Zhang C,Chaudhary U,Das S,et al.Effect of porosity on photocatalytic activity of plasma-sprayed TiO2 Coating[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2013,22(7):1193-1200.
[14]Wen K,Liu M,Liu X,et al.Deposition of photocatalytic TiO2coating by modifying the solidification pathway in plasma spraying[J].Coatings 2017:7(10):169.
[15]He X,Ren K,Liu Y,et al.Hollow plasma-sprayed spherical nanostructured titania feedstock for photocatalytic applications[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2018,27(8):1532-1541.
[16]Garcia Segura S,Dosta S,Guilemany J M,et al.Solar photoelectrocatalytic degradation of acid orange 7 azo dye using a highly stable TiO2 photoanode synthesized by atmospheric plasma spray[J].Appl.Catal.B.2013,132:142-150.
[17]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Chwa S O,et al.Comparative study on the photocatalytic decomposition of nitrogen oxides using Ti O2 coatings prepared by conventional plasma spraying and suspension plasma spraying[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2006,200(20-21):5855-5862.
[18]Chen D,Jordan E H,Gell M,Porous TiO2 coating using the solution precursor plasma spray process[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2008,202(24):6113-6119.
[19]Chen D,Jordan E H,Gell M,et al.Dense TiO2 coating using the solution precursor plasma spray process[J].J.Am.Ceram.Soc.2008,91(3):865-872.
[20]Chen D,Jordan E H,Gell M,The solution precursor plasma spray coatings:influence of solvent type[J].Plasma Chem.Plasma Process.2010,30(1):111-119.
[21]Jang J,Takana H,Ando Y,et al.Preparation of carbon-doped Ti O2 nanopowder synthesized by droplet injection of solution precursor in a DC-RF hybrid plasma flow system[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2013,22(6):974-982.
[22]Liu X,Wen K,Deng C,et al.Nanostructured photocatalytic TiO2coating deposited by suspension plasma spraying with different injection positions[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2018,27(3):245-254.
[23]Yang G J,Li C J,Han F,et al.Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and photocatalytic performance of nanostructured Ti O2 coatings through flame spraying with liquid feedstocks[J].J.Vac.Sci.Technol.B.2004,22(5):2364-2368.
[24]Yang G J,Li C J,Li C X,Y.Y.Wang,X.C.Huang,et al.Effect of Cu2+doping on photocatalytic performance of liquid flame sprayed TiO2 coatings[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2006,15(4):582-586.
[25]Yang G J,Li C J,Huang X C,et al.Influence of silver doping on photocatalytic activity of liquid-flame-sprayed-nanostructured Ti O2 coating[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2007,16(5-6):881-885.
[26]Liu Y,Huang J,Ding S,et al.Deposition,characterization,and enhanced adherence of escherichia coli bacteria on flame-sprayed photocatalytictitania-hydroxyapatite coatings[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2013,22(6):1053-1062.
[27]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Chwa S O,et al.Microstructure and photocatalytic properties of nanostructured TiO2 and TiO2-Al coatings elaborated by HVOF spraying for the nitrogen oxides removal[J].Mater.Sci.Eng.A.2006,417(1-2):56-62.
[28]Bozorgtabar M,Rahimipour M,Salehi M,Novel photocatalytic Ti O2 coatings produced by HVOF thermal spraying process[J].Mater.Lett.2010,64(10):1173-1175.
[29]Bolelli G,Cannillo V,Gadow R,et al.Properties of high velocity suspension flame sprayed(HVSFS)TiO2 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2009,203(12):1722-1732.
[30]Bemporad E,Bolelli G,CannilloV,et al.Structural characterization of high velocity suspension flame sprayed(HVSFS)TiO2 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2010,204(23):3902-3910.
[31]Yamada M,Isago H,Nakano H,et al.Cold spraying of TiO2photocatalyst coating with nitrogen process gas[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2010,19(6):1218-1223.
[32]Yang G J,Li C J,Fan S Q,et al.Influence of annealing on photocatalytic performance and adhesion of vacuum coldsprayed nanostructured TiO2 coating[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2007,16(5-6):873-880.
[33]Salim N T,Yamada M,Nakano H,et al.The effect of posttreatments on the powder morphology of TiO2 powders synthesized for cold spray[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2011,206(2-3):366-371.
[34]Kliemann J O,Gutzmann H,Gaertner F,et al.Formation of cold-sprayed ceramic titanium dioxide layers on metal surfaces[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2011,20(1-2):292-298.
[35]Robotti M,Dosta S,Fernandez Rodriguez C,et al.Photocatalytic abatement of NOx by C-TiO2/polymer composite coatings obtained by low pressure cold gas spraying[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.2016,362:274-280.
[36]Schmidt K,Buhl S,Davoudi N,et al.Ti surface modification by cold spraying with TiO2 microparticles[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2017,309:749-758.
[37]Baszczuk A,Jasiorski M,Winnicki M,Low temperature transformation of amorphous sol-gel TiO2 powder to anatase during cold spray deposition[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2018,27(8):1551-1562.
[38]Yao H L,Yang G J,Li C J,Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification for bonding formation of solid-state Ti O2 nano-particles induced by high velocity collision[J].Ceram.Int.2019,45(4):4700-4706.
[39]Leary R,Westwood A,Carbonaceous nanomaterials for the enhancement of TiO2 photocatalysis[J].Carbon.2011,49(3):741-772.
[40]Carmen Bordes M,.Vicent M,Moreno A,et al.Preparation of feedstocks from nano/submicron-sized TiO2 particles to obtain photocatalytic coatings by atmospheric plasma spraying[J].Ceram.Int.2014,40(10):16213-16225.
[41]Ye F X,Ohmori A,Tsumura T,et al.Microstructural analysis and photocatalytic activity of plasma-sprayed titania-hydroxyapatite coatings[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2017,16(5-6):776-782.
[42]Burlacov I,Jirkovsky J,Muller M,et al.Induction plasmasprayed photocatalytically active titania coatings and their characterisation by micro-Raman spectroscopy[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2016,201(1-2):255-264.
[43]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Begin S,et al.Microstructure and environmental functionalities of TiO2-supported photocatalysts obtained by suspension plasma spraying[J].Appl.Catal.B.2006,68(1-2):74-84.
[44]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Klein D,et al.Nanostructured photocatalytictitania coatings formed by suspension plasma spraying[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2006,15(4):587-592.
[45]Toma F L,Bertrand G,Begin S,et al.Microstructure and environmental functionalities of TiO2-supported photocatalysts obtained by suspension plasma spraying[J].Appl.Catal.B.2006,68(1-2):74-84.
[46]Jaworski R,Pawlowski L,Roudet F,et al.Influence of suspension plasma spraying process parameters on TiO2 coatings microstructure[J].J.Therm.Spray Technol.2008,17(1):73-81.
[47]Kozerski S,Toma F L,Pawlowski L,et al.Suspension plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings using different injectors and their photocatalytic properties[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2010,205(4):980-986.
[48]Yi Z,Wei W,Lee S,et al.Photocatalytic performance of plasma sprayed Pt-modified TiO2 coatings under visible light irradiation[J].,Catal.Commun.2007,8(6):906-912.
[49]Mauer G,Guignard A,Vassen R,Plasma spraying of efficient photoactive TiO2 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2013,220:40-43.
[50]Ye F X,Ohmori A,The photocatalytic activity and photoabsorption of plasma sprayed TiO2-Fe3O4 binary oxide coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2002,160(1):62-67.
[51]Ye F X,Ohmori A,Li C J,New approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of plasma sprayed TiO2 coatings using p-n junctions[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2004,184(2-3):233-238.
[52]Zeng Y,Liu J T,Wu W,et al.Photocatalytic performance of plasma sprayed TiO2-Zn Fe2O4 coatings[J].Surf.Coat.Technol.2005,200(7):2398-2402.
[53]Li D,Zhang X,Li J,et al.Effects of Si doping on structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 coatings deposited by solution plasma spraying[J].Surf.Technol.2018,47(5):220-226.