我国新疆焉耆垦区作物轮作种植模式防除列当的有效性研究
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摘要
本研究以新疆地区危害最严重的向日葵列当和瓜列当为研究对象,通过室内水培试验和室外盆栽模拟轮作试验来探究焉耆垦区轮作模式对两种列当的防除效果。结果表明,室内水培试验中各轮作作物的根系分泌物及萃取相刺激瓜列当种子的萌发率均在20.0%以下,但刺激向日葵列当种子产生的萌发率达到了50.0%以上;室外盆栽模拟轮作试验中,甜菜、小麦、辣椒与加工番茄轮作后,瓜列当的寄生数量未显著降低;但与向日葵轮作后,向日葵列当的寄生数量显著减少了60.0%以上。不同品种甜菜、辣椒和小麦地上部甲醇提取液刺激瓜列当种子的萌发率均低于10.0%,但是刺激向日葵列当种子的萌发率均达70.0%以上。本研究表明新疆焉耆垦区轮作种植模式不能有效防除瓜列当,但模式中的轮作作物均能够有效防除向日葵列当。本研究结果为防除新疆焉耆垦区向日葵列当和瓜列当提供理论依据。
In this study, sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape, two types of the most harmful Orobanche spp. in Xinjiang, were selected as the control objects to explore the control effect of the rotation regime by the indoor hydroponic experiment and simulated rotation pot experiment. The results showed that in the hydroponic experiment, the germination rates of Egyptian broomrape seeds induced by the root exudates and its ethyl acetate extract from sugar beet, pepper and wheat were all below 20.0%, while those of sunflower broomrape were more than 50.0%. In the simulated rotation pot experiment, the number of parasitic Egyptian broomrape was not significantly reduced by separately rotating sugar beet, pepper and wheat with processed tomatoes, but the number of parasitic sunflower broomrape was significantly reduced by more than 60.0% through rotating these crops with sunflower. The germination rates of Egyptian broomrape seeds stimulated by the methanol extract from the aboveground of sugar beet, pepper and wheat were less than 10.0%, while those of sunflower broomrape seeds stimulated by the above-ground methanol extract of these three crops were more than 70.0%. The results indicated that the rotation regime in the Yanqi agricultural area cannot effectively control the Egyptian broomrape, but can effectively control the sunflower broomrape.
In this study, sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape, two types of the most harmful Orobanche spp. in Xinjiang, were selected as the control objects to explore the control effect of the rotation regime by the indoor hydroponic experiment and simulated rotation pot experiment. The results showed that in the hydroponic experiment, the germination rates of Egyptian broomrape seeds induced by the root exudates and its ethyl acetate extract from sugar beet, pepper and wheat were all below 20.0%, while those of sunflower broomrape were more than 50.0%. In the simulated rotation pot experiment, the number of parasitic Egyptian broomrape was not significantly reduced by separately rotating sugar beet, pepper and wheat with processed tomatoes, but the number of parasitic sunflower broomrape was significantly reduced by more than 60.0% through rotating these crops with sunflower. The germination rates of Egyptian broomrape seeds stimulated by the methanol extract from the aboveground of sugar beet, pepper and wheat were less than 10.0%, while those of sunflower broomrape seeds stimulated by the above-ground methanol extract of these three crops were more than 70.0%. The results indicated that the rotation regime in the Yanqi agricultural area cannot effectively control the Egyptian broomrape, but can effectively control the sunflower broomrape.
引文
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[2]Ejeta G.Breeding for Striga resistance in sorghum:exploitation of an intricate host–parasite biology[J].Crop Science,2007,47(12):S216.
[3]Ejeta G,Butler L G.Host-parasite interactions throughout the Striga life cycle,and their contributions to Striga resistance[J].African Crop Science Journal,1993,1(2):75-80.
[4]姚兆群,曹小蕾,付超,等.新疆列当的种类、分布及其防治技术研究进展[J].生物安全学报,2017,26(1):23-29.
[5]王焕,赵文团,陈连芳,等.列当(Orobanche spp.and Phelipanche spp.)种子的采集与预处理方法[J].杂草学报,2016,34(1):22-25.
[6]Fernández-Aparicio M,Reboud X,Gibot-Leclerc S.Broomrape Weeds.Underground mechanisms of parasitism and associated strategies for their control:A review[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7(248):135.
[7]Fernández-martínez J M,Domínguez J,Pérezvich B,et al.Update on breeding for resistance to sunflower broomrape[J].Helia,2008,31(48):73-84.
[8]Kleifeld Y,Goldwasser Y,Herzlinger G,et al.The effects of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)and other crops as trap and catch crops for control of Egyptian broomrape(Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.)[J].Weed Research,2010,34(1):37-44.
[9]Linke K H,Abdel Moneim A M,Saxena M C.Variation in resistance of some forage legumes species to Orobanch ecrenata Forsk[J].Field Crops Research,1993,32(3-4):277-285.
[10]Grenz J H,Manschadi A M,Uygur F N,et al.Effects of environment and sowing date on the competition between faba bean(Viciafaba)and the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata[J].Field Crops Research,2005,93(2):300-313.
[11]Rubiales D,Fernández-aparicio M,Wegmann K,et al.Revisiting strategies for reducing the seedbank of Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.[J].Weed Research,2009,49(s1):23-33.
[12]Cook C E,Whichard L P,Turner B,et al.Germination of witchweed(Striga lutea Lour.):isolation and properties of a potent stimulant[J].Science,1966,154(3753):1189-1190.
[13]Xie X,Kusumoto D,Takeuchi Y,et al.2'-epi-orobanchol and solanacol,two unique strigolactones,germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds,produced by tobacco[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2007,55(20):8067.
[14]Cook C E,Whichard L P,Monroe W E,et al.Germination stimulants.II.Structure of strigol,a potent seed germination stimulant for witchweed(Striga lutea)[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1972,94(17):6198.
[15]Dong S Q,Ma Y Q,Wu H W,et al.Allelopathic stimulatory effects of wheat differing in ploidy levels on Orobanche minor germination[J].Allelopathy Journal,2013,31(2):355-366.
[16]Ma Y,Jia J,An Y,et al.Potential of some hybrid maize lines to induce germination of sunflower broomrape[J].Crop Science,2013,53(1):260-270.
[17]Aksoy E,Arslan Z F,Tetik?,et al.Using the possibilities of some trap,catch and Brassicaceaen crops for controlling crenate broomrape a problem in lentil fields[J].International Journal of Plant Production,2016,10(1):53-62.
[18]Ye X,Chen J,Mcerlean C S P,et al.The potential of foxtail millet as a trap crop for sunflower broomrape[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2017,39(1):1.
[19]Musselman L J.The biology of Striga,Orobanche and other root-parasitic weeds[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2003,18(1):463-489.
[20]柴阿丽,迟庆勇,何伟,等.寄生性杂草分枝列当对新疆加工番茄为害严重[J].中国蔬菜,2013(17):20-22.
[21]Fenández-Aparicio M,Sillero J C,Rubiales D.Intercropping with cereals reduces infection by Orobanche crenata in legumes[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(8):1166-1172.
[22]Matusova R,Tvan M,Bouwmeester H J.Changes in the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to germination stimulants[J].Seed Science Research,2004,14(4):335-344.
[23]Parker C,Hitchcock A M,Ramaiah K V.The germination of Striga species by crop root exudates;techniques for selecting resistant crop cultivars[C]//In Proceedings Asian-Pacific Weed science Society 6th Conference.Diakarta,Indonesia:The Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society,1977:67-74.
[24]Ma Y,Shui J,Inanaga S,et al.Stimulatory effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.on seed germination of Striga hermonthica(Del.)Benth[J].Allelopathy Journal,2005,15(1):49-56.
[25]Xie X,Yoneyama K,Yoneyama K.The strigolactone story[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2010,48(1):93-117.
[26]Fernández-Aparicio M,Flores F,Rubiales D.Recognition of root exudates by seeds of broomrape(Orobanche and Phelipanche)species[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(3):423-431.
[27]Awad A A,Sato D,Dai K,et al.Characterization of strigolactones,germination stimulants for the root parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche,produced by Maize,Millet and Sorghum[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2006,48(3):221.
[28]Fischer N H,Weidenhamer J D,Riopel J L,et al.Stimulation of witchweed germination by sesquiterpene lactones:a structure-activity study[J].Phytochemistry,1990,29(8):2479-2483.
[29]Evidente A,Cimmino A,Rubiales D,et al.Peagol and peagoldione,two new strigolactone-like metabolites isolated from pea root exudates[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2009,50(50):6955-6958.
[30]Hershenhorn J,Kleifeld Y.Role of pepper(Capsicum annuum)as a trap and catch crop for control of Orobanche aegyptiaca and O.cernua[J].Weed Science,1996,44(4):948-951.
[31]Dong S Q,Ma Y Q,Wu H W.et al.Stimulatory effects of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)on seed germination of Orobanche minor Sm[J].Allelopathy Journal,2012,90(2):247-258.
[32]刘淑杰,李淑荣.乌兰浩特市向日葵列当的防治[J].植物检疫,1999(2):65.
[33]Kasasian L,Parker C.The effect of numerous herbicides on the germination of Orobanche aegyptiaca and Striga hermonthica[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1971(4):11.
[34]王钟,马永清,贾锦楠,等.马铃薯对瓜列当种子萌发的化感作用研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(3):333-339.
[35]支金虎,段黄金,赵书珍,等.瓜列当发芽诱导植物的筛选及寄生关系研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):959-965.
[36]陈连芳,薛根生.三种除草剂抑制番茄列当的药效筛选试验[J].新疆农垦科技,2015(7):28-29.
[37]Kebreab E,Murdoch A J.Effect of temperature and humidity on the longevity of Orobanche seeds[J].Weed Research,2010,39(3):199-211.
[38]Johnson A W,Rosebery G,Parker C.A novel approach to Striga and Orobanche control using synthetic germination stimulants[J].Weed Research,2010,16(4):223-227.
[39]Puzzilli M.Tobacco broomrapes and their control and some useful references to other parasite and host species[J].Rivista and Agriculture Subtropical e Tropical,1983,77:209-248.
[40]王子芳,高明,秦建成,等.稻田长期水旱轮作对土壤肥力的影响研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(6):514-517.
[41]Yoneyama K,Xie X,Kusumoto D,et al.Nitrogen deficiency as well as phosphorus deficiency in sorghum promotes the production and exudation of5-deoxystrigol,the host recognition signal for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasites[J].Planta,2007,227(1):125-132.
[2]Ejeta G.Breeding for Striga resistance in sorghum:exploitation of an intricate host–parasite biology[J].Crop Science,2007,47(12):S216.
[3]Ejeta G,Butler L G.Host-parasite interactions throughout the Striga life cycle,and their contributions to Striga resistance[J].African Crop Science Journal,1993,1(2):75-80.
[4]姚兆群,曹小蕾,付超,等.新疆列当的种类、分布及其防治技术研究进展[J].生物安全学报,2017,26(1):23-29.
[5]王焕,赵文团,陈连芳,等.列当(Orobanche spp.and Phelipanche spp.)种子的采集与预处理方法[J].杂草学报,2016,34(1):22-25.
[6]Fernández-Aparicio M,Reboud X,Gibot-Leclerc S.Broomrape Weeds.Underground mechanisms of parasitism and associated strategies for their control:A review[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7(248):135.
[7]Fernández-martínez J M,Domínguez J,Pérezvich B,et al.Update on breeding for resistance to sunflower broomrape[J].Helia,2008,31(48):73-84.
[8]Kleifeld Y,Goldwasser Y,Herzlinger G,et al.The effects of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)and other crops as trap and catch crops for control of Egyptian broomrape(Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.)[J].Weed Research,2010,34(1):37-44.
[9]Linke K H,Abdel Moneim A M,Saxena M C.Variation in resistance of some forage legumes species to Orobanch ecrenata Forsk[J].Field Crops Research,1993,32(3-4):277-285.
[10]Grenz J H,Manschadi A M,Uygur F N,et al.Effects of environment and sowing date on the competition between faba bean(Viciafaba)and the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata[J].Field Crops Research,2005,93(2):300-313.
[11]Rubiales D,Fernández-aparicio M,Wegmann K,et al.Revisiting strategies for reducing the seedbank of Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.[J].Weed Research,2009,49(s1):23-33.
[12]Cook C E,Whichard L P,Turner B,et al.Germination of witchweed(Striga lutea Lour.):isolation and properties of a potent stimulant[J].Science,1966,154(3753):1189-1190.
[13]Xie X,Kusumoto D,Takeuchi Y,et al.2'-epi-orobanchol and solanacol,two unique strigolactones,germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds,produced by tobacco[J].Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,2007,55(20):8067.
[14]Cook C E,Whichard L P,Monroe W E,et al.Germination stimulants.II.Structure of strigol,a potent seed germination stimulant for witchweed(Striga lutea)[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1972,94(17):6198.
[15]Dong S Q,Ma Y Q,Wu H W,et al.Allelopathic stimulatory effects of wheat differing in ploidy levels on Orobanche minor germination[J].Allelopathy Journal,2013,31(2):355-366.
[16]Ma Y,Jia J,An Y,et al.Potential of some hybrid maize lines to induce germination of sunflower broomrape[J].Crop Science,2013,53(1):260-270.
[17]Aksoy E,Arslan Z F,Tetik?,et al.Using the possibilities of some trap,catch and Brassicaceaen crops for controlling crenate broomrape a problem in lentil fields[J].International Journal of Plant Production,2016,10(1):53-62.
[18]Ye X,Chen J,Mcerlean C S P,et al.The potential of foxtail millet as a trap crop for sunflower broomrape[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2017,39(1):1.
[19]Musselman L J.The biology of Striga,Orobanche and other root-parasitic weeds[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2003,18(1):463-489.
[20]柴阿丽,迟庆勇,何伟,等.寄生性杂草分枝列当对新疆加工番茄为害严重[J].中国蔬菜,2013(17):20-22.
[21]Fenández-Aparicio M,Sillero J C,Rubiales D.Intercropping with cereals reduces infection by Orobanche crenata in legumes[J].Crop Protection,2007,26(8):1166-1172.
[22]Matusova R,Tvan M,Bouwmeester H J.Changes in the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to germination stimulants[J].Seed Science Research,2004,14(4):335-344.
[23]Parker C,Hitchcock A M,Ramaiah K V.The germination of Striga species by crop root exudates;techniques for selecting resistant crop cultivars[C]//In Proceedings Asian-Pacific Weed science Society 6th Conference.Diakarta,Indonesia:The Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society,1977:67-74.
[24]Ma Y,Shui J,Inanaga S,et al.Stimulatory effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.on seed germination of Striga hermonthica(Del.)Benth[J].Allelopathy Journal,2005,15(1):49-56.
[25]Xie X,Yoneyama K,Yoneyama K.The strigolactone story[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2010,48(1):93-117.
[26]Fernández-Aparicio M,Flores F,Rubiales D.Recognition of root exudates by seeds of broomrape(Orobanche and Phelipanche)species[J].Annals of Botany,2009,103(3):423-431.
[27]Awad A A,Sato D,Dai K,et al.Characterization of strigolactones,germination stimulants for the root parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche,produced by Maize,Millet and Sorghum[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2006,48(3):221.
[28]Fischer N H,Weidenhamer J D,Riopel J L,et al.Stimulation of witchweed germination by sesquiterpene lactones:a structure-activity study[J].Phytochemistry,1990,29(8):2479-2483.
[29]Evidente A,Cimmino A,Rubiales D,et al.Peagol and peagoldione,two new strigolactone-like metabolites isolated from pea root exudates[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2009,50(50):6955-6958.
[30]Hershenhorn J,Kleifeld Y.Role of pepper(Capsicum annuum)as a trap and catch crop for control of Orobanche aegyptiaca and O.cernua[J].Weed Science,1996,44(4):948-951.
[31]Dong S Q,Ma Y Q,Wu H W.et al.Stimulatory effects of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)on seed germination of Orobanche minor Sm[J].Allelopathy Journal,2012,90(2):247-258.
[32]刘淑杰,李淑荣.乌兰浩特市向日葵列当的防治[J].植物检疫,1999(2):65.
[33]Kasasian L,Parker C.The effect of numerous herbicides on the germination of Orobanche aegyptiaca and Striga hermonthica[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1971(4):11.
[34]王钟,马永清,贾锦楠,等.马铃薯对瓜列当种子萌发的化感作用研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(3):333-339.
[35]支金虎,段黄金,赵书珍,等.瓜列当发芽诱导植物的筛选及寄生关系研究[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(3):959-965.
[36]陈连芳,薛根生.三种除草剂抑制番茄列当的药效筛选试验[J].新疆农垦科技,2015(7):28-29.
[37]Kebreab E,Murdoch A J.Effect of temperature and humidity on the longevity of Orobanche seeds[J].Weed Research,2010,39(3):199-211.
[38]Johnson A W,Rosebery G,Parker C.A novel approach to Striga and Orobanche control using synthetic germination stimulants[J].Weed Research,2010,16(4):223-227.
[39]Puzzilli M.Tobacco broomrapes and their control and some useful references to other parasite and host species[J].Rivista and Agriculture Subtropical e Tropical,1983,77:209-248.
[40]王子芳,高明,秦建成,等.稻田长期水旱轮作对土壤肥力的影响研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(6):514-517.
[41]Yoneyama K,Xie X,Kusumoto D,et al.Nitrogen deficiency as well as phosphorus deficiency in sorghum promotes the production and exudation of5-deoxystrigol,the host recognition signal for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasites[J].Planta,2007,227(1):125-132.