不同生物有机肥和生物菌剂对土壤微生物活性及烤烟发育与品质的影响
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摘要
采用田间小区试验,分别研究施用生物有机肥、生物有机肥+生物菌剂、腐熟农家肥后植烟土壤微生物活性的变化及其对烤烟品种K326的田间长势及品质的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理下土壤中细菌与真菌的有效活菌数最高,比对照分别增加296.7%、21.4%;与常规施肥相比,生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理能够提高速效养分在土壤中的累积,其中0～20 cm土层碱解氮增加33.0 mg/kg,有效磷增加2.6 mg/kg。施用生物有机肥、生物菌剂及腐熟农家肥均能改善上中部烟叶品质,但对下部烟叶品质影响较小,明显提高了上等烟的比例、产量及产值,其中以生物有机肥+生物菌剂效果最优。施用生物有机肥和生物菌剂有利于改良土壤,提高作物品质及产量,可以在烟叶生产中推广应用。
The changes of microbial activity in the soil of tobacco implantation as well as the field growth and quality comparison of flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326 after the application of biological organic fertilizer,biological organic fertilizer + biological bacteria and rotting fertilizer were studied by field experiment.The results showed that the number of effective bacteria and fungi in soil under the treatment of biological organic fertilizer + biological fungi was the highest,and increased 296.7% and 21.4% respectively compared with the control.Compared with conventional fertilization,the fertilization model with biological organic fertilizer and biological fungi could improve the accumulation of quick-acting nutrients in soil,in which alkaline nitrogen increased 33.0 mg/kg,effective phosphorus increased 2.6 mg/kg.The application of bioorganic fertilizer,biological bacteria and rotting fertilizer improved the quality of upper-middle tobacco leaves,but it had little effect on the quality of the lower part tobacco leaves,and the proportion,yield and output value of the upper smoke were obviously improved by each treatment compared with the control,among which the model with biological organic fertilizer and biological bacteria had the best effect.The results indicate that the application of bioorganic fertilizer and biological fungi is beneficial to the improvement of soil and the improvement of crop quality and yield,and can be popularized and applied in the actual tobacco production.
The changes of microbial activity in the soil of tobacco implantation as well as the field growth and quality comparison of flue-cured tobacco cultivars K326 after the application of biological organic fertilizer,biological organic fertilizer + biological bacteria and rotting fertilizer were studied by field experiment.The results showed that the number of effective bacteria and fungi in soil under the treatment of biological organic fertilizer + biological fungi was the highest,and increased 296.7% and 21.4% respectively compared with the control.Compared with conventional fertilization,the fertilization model with biological organic fertilizer and biological fungi could improve the accumulation of quick-acting nutrients in soil,in which alkaline nitrogen increased 33.0 mg/kg,effective phosphorus increased 2.6 mg/kg.The application of bioorganic fertilizer,biological bacteria and rotting fertilizer improved the quality of upper-middle tobacco leaves,but it had little effect on the quality of the lower part tobacco leaves,and the proportion,yield and output value of the upper smoke were obviously improved by each treatment compared with the control,among which the model with biological organic fertilizer and biological bacteria had the best effect.The results indicate that the application of bioorganic fertilizer and biological fungi is beneficial to the improvement of soil and the improvement of crop quality and yield,and can be popularized and applied in the actual tobacco production.
引文
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[5] 任祖淦,陈玉水,唐福钦,等.有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(3):279-283.
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[10] 庞欣,张福琐,王敬国.不同供氮水平对根际微生物量氮及微生物活度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):476-480.
[11] Gaeri C,Hmnadez T.Organi amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation as practice in afforesation of soils with pinus halepensis miller:Effete on their microbial activity[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2000,32:1173-1181.
[12] 王立刚,李维炯,邱建军,等.生物有机肥对作物生长、土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):12-16.
[13] 蔡燕飞,廖宗文,章家恩,等.生态有机肥对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(3):349-353.
[2] 武雪萍,钟秀明,秦艳青,等.不同种类饼肥与化肥配施对烟叶香气质量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(6):1196-1201.
[3] 韩静峰,马长立,王瑞新,等.不同肥料类型及成熟度对烤烟香气物质成分及香型的影响[J].作物学报,1993,19(3):254-261.
[4] 刘泓.土壤改良剂与化肥配施对烤烟钾吸收和干物质积累的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1998,27(3):257-260.
[5] 任祖淦,陈玉水,唐福钦,等.有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1996,2(3):279-283.
[6] 王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[7] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[8] 刘国顺,彭华伟.生物土壤改良剂对烤烟土壤肥力及生长发育的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2004(3):29-31.
[9] 武雪萍,朱凯,刘国顺.有机无机肥配施对烟叶化学成分和品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005(1):10-13.
[10] 庞欣,张福琐,王敬国.不同供氮水平对根际微生物量氮及微生物活度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):476-480.
[11] Gaeri C,Hmnadez T.Organi amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation as practice in afforesation of soils with pinus halepensis miller:Effete on their microbial activity[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2000,32:1173-1181.
[12] 王立刚,李维炯,邱建军,等.生物有机肥对作物生长、土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):12-16.
[13] 蔡燕飞,廖宗文,章家恩,等.生态有机肥对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(3):349-353.