3种人工林表层土壤溶解性有机质含量的季节变化
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摘要
通过研究土壤活性碳、氮的季节变化及其影响因素,为揭示人工林生态系统土壤碳、氮周转机理提供理论依据。以华北石质山区侧柏、刺槐和栓皮栎3种典型人工林为对象,设置有枯落物归还和无枯落物处理,在3、6、9和12月份采集表层0～10 cm土样,动态监测不同人工林下土壤溶解性有机碳、溶解性有机氮、无机氮、硝态氮和铵态氮的季节性变化规律。研究结果表明:1) 3种人工林下土壤溶解性有机碳、溶解性有机氮、无机氮、硝态氮和铵态氮质量分数呈显著的季节变化(P <0. 05),且有相似的趋势,均在6月达到峰值。2)土壤无机氮主要以NO_3~--N形式存在,侧柏林、刺槐林和栓皮栎林下土壤NO_3~--N质量分数分别为70. 2%、72. 8%和53. 4%。3)人工林类型显著影响林下土壤溶解性有机碳和NO_3~--N质量分数(P <0. 05),有枯落物处理时年均土壤溶解性有机碳和溶解性有机氮质量分数均呈侧柏>栓皮栎>刺槐的趋势,4)而NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N和无机氮质量分数呈侧柏>刺槐>栓皮栎的趋势。枯落物处理显著影响土壤溶解性有机碳和溶解性有机氮质量分数(P <0. 05),对土壤NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N质量分数无显著影响,土壤溶解性有机碳和溶解性有机氮质量分数大多呈有枯落物处理高于无枯落物处理的规律。5)逐步回归分析结果表明,土壤溶解性有机碳质量分数主要受土壤总氮质量分数的影响,其可解释74. 6%的变化;土壤溶解性有机氮主要受土壤总氮、NO_3~--N、气温和NH_4~+-N质量分数的影响,它们可共同解释86. 6%的变化。不同人工林类型显著影响了土壤活性碳、氮的季节变化;枯落物的归还提高并促进了人工林下土壤碳、氮含量和周转速率。
[Background]Soil active carbon and nitrogen are the most important and active components during soil carbon and nitrogen cycling,and their seasonal changes are of great significance to carbon and nitrogen cycling and redistribution within and between different ecosystems,as well as soil formation. To reveal soil carbon and nitrogen turnover mechanism in artificial forest ecosystem,seasonal dynamics of soil active carbon and nitrogen contents and other factors were determined. [Methods] Three typical artificial forests( Platycladus orientalis,Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus variabilis) in the rocky mountainous area of northern China were selected as the research objects. Two treatments were set up,i.e.,Y( with litter return) and W( without litter return). The characteristics and variation trends of dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen( DON) and inorganic nitrogen( SIN,including NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N) contents at the depth of 0-10 cm soils were investigated during March,June,September and December. [Results] The DOC,DON,NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N contents in the 3 artificial forests soils all showed general significant seasonal dynamics( P < 0. 05),with peak values in June. NO_3~--N was the main form of inorganic nitrogen in soils,and its ratio to SIN in P. orientalis,R.pseudoacacia and Q. variabilis artificial forests were 70. 2%,72. 8% and 53. 4%, respectively.Artificial forest types had a significant impact on soil DOC and NO_3~--N contents( P < 0. 05). The annual average of soil DOC and DON contents with litter return presented as P. orientalis > Q. variabilis > R.pseudoacacia,while soil NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N and SIN contents tended to be as P. orientalis > R.pseudoacacia > Q. variabilis. Litter treatments had a significant impact on soil DOC and DON contents( P < 0. 05),while no significant impact on soil NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N contents. Further,most of forests soil without litter return showed higher DOC and DON concentrations than those of with litter return. A stepwise regression analysis showed that the main influencing factor of soil DOC in all treatments was soil total nitrogen( TN),which explained 76. 4% of its variation. The main influencing factors for soil DON were soil TN,NO_3~--N,air temperature and NH_4~+-N,which together explained 86. 6% of its variation.[Conclusions] Different artificial forest types significantly affected the seasonal variation of soil active carbon and nitrogen. Litter returns increased soil carbon and nitrogen content and turnover rate. Further,temperature was the main driving factor for soil active carbon and nitrogen turnover in the rocky mountainous areas of North China. Besides,soil DOC and DON turnover were mainly affected by soil TN content in the present artificial forest ecosystem.
[Background]Soil active carbon and nitrogen are the most important and active components during soil carbon and nitrogen cycling,and their seasonal changes are of great significance to carbon and nitrogen cycling and redistribution within and between different ecosystems,as well as soil formation. To reveal soil carbon and nitrogen turnover mechanism in artificial forest ecosystem,seasonal dynamics of soil active carbon and nitrogen contents and other factors were determined. [Methods] Three typical artificial forests( Platycladus orientalis,Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus variabilis) in the rocky mountainous area of northern China were selected as the research objects. Two treatments were set up,i.e.,Y( with litter return) and W( without litter return). The characteristics and variation trends of dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen( DON) and inorganic nitrogen( SIN,including NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N) contents at the depth of 0-10 cm soils were investigated during March,June,September and December. [Results] The DOC,DON,NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N contents in the 3 artificial forests soils all showed general significant seasonal dynamics( P < 0. 05),with peak values in June. NO_3~--N was the main form of inorganic nitrogen in soils,and its ratio to SIN in P. orientalis,R.pseudoacacia and Q. variabilis artificial forests were 70. 2%,72. 8% and 53. 4%, respectively.Artificial forest types had a significant impact on soil DOC and NO_3~--N contents( P < 0. 05). The annual average of soil DOC and DON contents with litter return presented as P. orientalis > Q. variabilis > R.pseudoacacia,while soil NO_3~--N,NH_4~+-N and SIN contents tended to be as P. orientalis > R.pseudoacacia > Q. variabilis. Litter treatments had a significant impact on soil DOC and DON contents( P < 0. 05),while no significant impact on soil NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N contents. Further,most of forests soil without litter return showed higher DOC and DON concentrations than those of with litter return. A stepwise regression analysis showed that the main influencing factor of soil DOC in all treatments was soil total nitrogen( TN),which explained 76. 4% of its variation. The main influencing factors for soil DON were soil TN,NO_3~--N,air temperature and NH_4~+-N,which together explained 86. 6% of its variation.[Conclusions] Different artificial forest types significantly affected the seasonal variation of soil active carbon and nitrogen. Litter returns increased soil carbon and nitrogen content and turnover rate. Further,temperature was the main driving factor for soil active carbon and nitrogen turnover in the rocky mountainous areas of North China. Besides,soil DOC and DON turnover were mainly affected by soil TN content in the present artificial forest ecosystem.
引文
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[18]蓝家程,傅瓦利,段正峰,等.岩溶山区土壤溶解性有机碳对土地利用方式的响应及其与土壤养分的关系[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):76.LAN Jiacheng,FU Wali,DUAN Zhengfeng,et al.Response of soil dissolved organic carbon to the land use and the relations with soil nutrients in karst area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(5):76.
[19]肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.亚热带不同林分土壤矿质氮库及氮矿化速率的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):730.XIAO Haoyan,LIU Bao,YU Zaipeng,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen pools and nitrogen mineralization rate in different forests in subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(3):730.
[20]HISHI T,URAKAWA R,TASHIRO N,et al.Seasonality of factors controlling N mineralization rates among slope positions and aspects in cool-temperate deciduous natural forests and larch plantations[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(2):343.
[21]阮长林,吴浩浩,徐星凯,等.不同浸提剂提取的森林土壤溶解性有机质比较[J].环境科学与技术,2017(11):1.RUAN Changlin,WU Haohao,XU Xingkai,et al.Comparison of dissolved organic matter in forest soils extracted by different extractants[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2017(11):1.
[2]MONTEITH D T,STODDARD J L,EVANS C D,et al.Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry[J].Nature,2007,450(7169):537.
[3]罗献宝,张颖清,徐浩,等.温带阔叶红松林表层土壤活性碳、氮库的季节动态[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(1):42.LUO Xianbao,ZHANG Yingqing,XU Hao,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil active carbon and nitrogen pools in surface soil of temperate broad-leaved and korean pine mixed forest[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(1):42.
[4]MICHEL K,MATZNER E.Nitrogen content of forest floor Oa layers affects carbon pathways and nitrogen mineralization[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(11):1807.
[5]WU H,PENG C,MOORE T R,et al.Modeling dissolved organic carbon in temperate forest soils:TRIP-LEX-DOC model development and validation[C].Copernicus Publications,2014:3473.
[6]MICHALZIK B,KALBITZ K,PARK J H,et al.Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen:A synthesis for temperate forests[J].Biogeochemistry,2001,52(2):173.
[7]LEE M H,PARK J H,MATZNER E.Sustained production of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in forest floors during continuous leaching[J].Geoderma,2018(310):163.
[8]VERSTRAETEN A,VERSCHELDE P,VOS B D,et al.Increasing trends of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)in temperate forests under recovery from acidification in Flanders,Belgium[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016(553):107.
[9]PARK J H,MATZNER E.Controls on the release of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from a deciduous forest floor investigated by manipulations of aboveground litter inputs and water flux[J].Biogeochemistry,2003,66(3):265.
[10]CAMINO-SERRANO M,GIELEN B,LUYSSAERT S,et al.Linking variability in soil solution dissolved organic carbon to climate,soil type,and vegetation type[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2014,28(5):497.
[11]WERNER B,EGBERT M.Reappraisal of drying and wetting effects on C and N mineralization and fluxes in soils[J].Global Change Biology,2010,15(4):808.
[12]赵佳宝,杨喜田,徐星凯,等.马尾松-麻栎混交林土壤溶解性有机碳氮空间分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):213.ZHAO Jiabao,YANG Xitian,XU Xingkai,et al.Spatial distribution characteristic of soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen under the Pinus massoniana-Quercus acutissima mixed forest[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(3):213.
[13]陈春兰,涂成,陈安磊,等.红壤双季稻田土壤活性碳、氮周年变化及影响因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):335.CHEN Chunlan,TU Cheng,CHEN Anlei,et al.Annual variation of active carbon and nitrogen contents and the related factors in red paddy soils of subtropical China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(2):335.
[14]李彬彬,马军花,武兰芳.土壤溶解性有机物对CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4690.LI Binbin,MA Junhua,WU Lanfang.Effects of dissolved organic matter in soil on the emission of CO2and N2O[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(16):4690.
[15]KONG Y H,WATANABE M,NAGANO H,et al.Effects of land-use type and nitrogen addition on nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide production potentials in Japanese Andosols[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2013,59(5):790.
[16]陈家林,孔玉华,裴丙,等.太行山低山丘陵区不同植被类型土壤渗透特性及影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):60.CHEN Jialin,KONG Yuhua,PEI Bin,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of soil infiltration under different vegetation types in hilly region of Taihang Mountains[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(4):60.
[17]裴丙,朱龙飞,梁红艳,等.太行山低山丘陵区不同人工林型对土壤性质及酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(10):190.PEI Bin,ZHU Longfei,LIANG Hongyan,et al.Effect of different plantation types on soil properties and enzyme activity in the hilly region of Taihang Mountains[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(10):190.
[18]蓝家程,傅瓦利,段正峰,等.岩溶山区土壤溶解性有机碳对土地利用方式的响应及其与土壤养分的关系[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):76.LAN Jiacheng,FU Wali,DUAN Zhengfeng,et al.Response of soil dissolved organic carbon to the land use and the relations with soil nutrients in karst area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(5):76.
[19]肖好燕,刘宝,余再鹏,等.亚热带不同林分土壤矿质氮库及氮矿化速率的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):730.XIAO Haoyan,LIU Bao,YU Zaipeng,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen pools and nitrogen mineralization rate in different forests in subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(3):730.
[20]HISHI T,URAKAWA R,TASHIRO N,et al.Seasonality of factors controlling N mineralization rates among slope positions and aspects in cool-temperate deciduous natural forests and larch plantations[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(2):343.
[21]阮长林,吴浩浩,徐星凯,等.不同浸提剂提取的森林土壤溶解性有机质比较[J].环境科学与技术,2017(11):1.RUAN Changlin,WU Haohao,XU Xingkai,et al.Comparison of dissolved organic matter in forest soils extracted by different extractants[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2017(11):1.