硝化作用对盐碱湿地N_2O排放的影响及其环境因子分析
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摘要
湿地是温室气体氧化亚氮(N_2O)重要的源或汇,盐碱湿地作为湿地的重要组成部分,研究其N_2O排放对于探究盐碱湿地N_2O产生的硝化作用机制及评估其在温室效应中的作用具有重要意义.本文对代表性盐碱湿地——扎龙芦苇沼泽湿地生长季的N_2O释放量及相关环境因子进行了研究.结果表明,生长季N_2O通量呈波动性下降趋势,最大值出现在7月中旬,平均排放通量为(37. 49±15. 75)μg·(m2·h)-1,表现为N_2O的释放"源". N_2O通量与不同深度土层温度存在显著正相关关系(P <0. 05),且上层土温对N_2O排放的影响程度高于深层土;淹水期间N_2O通量与积水深度呈显著负相关关系(P <0. 05);且土壤TOC和TN含量较低,N_2O通量与0～40 cm土层NH+4-N含量呈显著正相关关系(P <0. 05),而与NO-3-N含量没有关系,硝化作用程度要比反硝化强;此外,土壤氨氧化菌活性与0～20 cm土层温度存在极显著正相关关系(P <0. 01),且N_2O通量与氨氧化菌活性也呈极显著的线性正相关关系(P <0. 001),表明盐碱湿地的N_2O释放受硝化作用影响巨大.
Wetlands are important sources and sinks for N_2O. Exploring the role of N_2O emissions in saline-alkali wetlands has great significance in understanding the nitrification mechanism of N_2O production and assessing the role of saline-alkali wetlands in the greenhouse effect. The present study examined the N_2O fluxes and environmental factors of a typical Zhalong reed wetland during the growing season. The results suggested that the N_2O fluxes tended to decrease in volatility,with the highest value in mid-July. The mean flux of N_2O was( 37. 49 ± 15. 75) μg·( m2·h)-1,indicating that the typical Zhalong reed wetland was a source of N_2O. The N_2O fluxes exhibited a significantly positive correlation with soil temperature at different depths( P < 0. 05),and the impact of the upper soil temperature on N_2O flux was higher than that of deep soil. In the flooding period,the relationship between N_2O fluxes and water table depth was negatively correlated( P < 0. 05). Meanwhile,the TOC and TN contents were lower,and the N_2O flux was significantly positively correlated with the NH+4-N content in the 0-40 cm soil layer( P < 0. 05),but it was not related to NO-3-N content. Nitrification was stronger than denitrification. There was a significant positive correlation between ammonia-oxidizing bacterial activity and soil temperature in 0-20 cm layer( P < 0. 01). Additionally,the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria also presented significantly positive linear correlation with the N_2O fluxes( P < 0. 001),which indicated that the release of N_2O in saline-alkali wetlands was greatly affected by nitrification.
Wetlands are important sources and sinks for N_2O. Exploring the role of N_2O emissions in saline-alkali wetlands has great significance in understanding the nitrification mechanism of N_2O production and assessing the role of saline-alkali wetlands in the greenhouse effect. The present study examined the N_2O fluxes and environmental factors of a typical Zhalong reed wetland during the growing season. The results suggested that the N_2O fluxes tended to decrease in volatility,with the highest value in mid-July. The mean flux of N_2O was( 37. 49 ± 15. 75) μg·( m2·h)-1,indicating that the typical Zhalong reed wetland was a source of N_2O. The N_2O fluxes exhibited a significantly positive correlation with soil temperature at different depths( P < 0. 05),and the impact of the upper soil temperature on N_2O flux was higher than that of deep soil. In the flooding period,the relationship between N_2O fluxes and water table depth was negatively correlated( P < 0. 05). Meanwhile,the TOC and TN contents were lower,and the N_2O flux was significantly positively correlated with the NH+4-N content in the 0-40 cm soil layer( P < 0. 05),but it was not related to NO-3-N content. Nitrification was stronger than denitrification. There was a significant positive correlation between ammonia-oxidizing bacterial activity and soil temperature in 0-20 cm layer( P < 0. 01). Additionally,the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria also presented significantly positive linear correlation with the N_2O fluxes( P < 0. 001),which indicated that the release of N_2O in saline-alkali wetlands was greatly affected by nitrification.
引文
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