丽蝇蛹集金小蜂和球孢白僵菌对家蝇的协同控制作用
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摘要
目的探讨丽蝇蛹集金小蜂和球孢白僵菌对家蝇的协同控制作用,为家蝇防制提供科学依据。方法通过"Y"形管气味选择和寄生选择实验,研究表面黏附球孢白僵菌孢子对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂雌蜂寄主选择性和寄生的影响;利用生态模拟实验研究蝇蛹表面喷洒孢子对羽化家蝇生殖能力和寿命的影响。数据分析采用SPSS 20.0软件进行单因素方差分析。结果丽蝇蛹集金小蜂雌蜂对表面喷洒球孢白僵菌孢子后0、1、3、5、7 d蝇蛹的选择性与对照蝇蛹比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在表面喷洒球孢白僵菌孢子蝇蛹中羽化出的家蝇雌虫平均产卵前期为(6.00±0.94)d,对照组为(6.07±0.78)d,差异无统计学意义(P=0.200);表面喷洒球孢白僵菌孢子蝇蛹中羽化出的家蝇和对照组家蝇的单雌产卵量分别为(152.20±14.37)和(633.17±17.08)枚,卵孵化率分别为(20.64±1.74)%和(88.63±2.05)%,雌蝇寿命分别为(4.93±1.74)和(28.93±2.70)d。家蝇蛹表面喷洒球孢白僵菌孢子可使其单雌产卵量和卵孵化率均下降为对照组的1/4,雌蝇寿命下降为对照组的1/6,生殖潜力下降为对照组的1%。结论在蝇蛹孳生地周围释放丽蝇蛹集金小蜂可控制80%以上的蝇蛹,同时在孳生地表面喷洒球孢白僵菌孢子,可使未被寄生蝇蛹中羽化出家蝇的生殖潜力下降近99%,从而达到双重控制家蝇的目的。
Objective To provide scientific evidence for integrated control of Musca domestica,study the synergism of Nasonia vitripennis and Beauveria bassiana.Methods The"Y"olfactometer and host-selection tests were used to research the selectivity of female N.vitripennis to M.domestica pupae exposed to B.bassiana spores.Ecological simulation test was used to investigate the effects of B.bassiana on the reproductive potential and life-span of emerged M.domestica adults after being exposed to the spores at pupae stage.Difference of measurement data was compared with single factor analysis of variance using SPSS package.Results There was preference by female N.vitripennis to B.bassiana spores-treated M.domestica pupae and controls.The pre-oviposition period of M.domestica adults emerged from B.bassiana spores-treated pupae and controls were about(6.00 ± 0.94) and(6.07 ± 0.78)d,respectively,there were no statistical significant differences between them.The oviposition of female M.domestica adults emerged from B.bassiana spores-treated pupae and controls were(152.20±14.37)and(633.17±17.08)eggs,respectively.The hatchability of eggs ovipositted by flies treated with spores at pupae stage and controls were about(20.64±1.74)%and(88.63±2.05)%.The life span of female flies emerged from spore-exposed pupae and controls were about(4.93±1.74)and(28.93 ± 2.70)d,respectively.So the female fecundity and egg hatchability of M.domestica treated with B.bassiana spores at pupae stage were reduced to 1/4 of controls,life span of female flies emerged from spore-exposed pupae dropped to 1/6 of controls,the reproductive potential of female flies emerged from spore-treated pupae dropped to 1% of control groups.Conclusion Beauveria bassiana spore treatment had no significant effects on the parasitic rate of female N.vitripennis to M.domestica pupae and the pre-oviposition period of emerged female flies.In the breeding grounds of M.domestica,releasing N.vitripennis could control 80% of the pupae.Spraying B.bassiana spores combined with releasing N.vitripennis could reduce the reproductive potential of M.domestica by 99%.The combined method is an effective means to the integrated biological control of M.domestica.
Objective To provide scientific evidence for integrated control of Musca domestica,study the synergism of Nasonia vitripennis and Beauveria bassiana.Methods The"Y"olfactometer and host-selection tests were used to research the selectivity of female N.vitripennis to M.domestica pupae exposed to B.bassiana spores.Ecological simulation test was used to investigate the effects of B.bassiana on the reproductive potential and life-span of emerged M.domestica adults after being exposed to the spores at pupae stage.Difference of measurement data was compared with single factor analysis of variance using SPSS package.Results There was preference by female N.vitripennis to B.bassiana spores-treated M.domestica pupae and controls.The pre-oviposition period of M.domestica adults emerged from B.bassiana spores-treated pupae and controls were about(6.00 ± 0.94) and(6.07 ± 0.78)d,respectively,there were no statistical significant differences between them.The oviposition of female M.domestica adults emerged from B.bassiana spores-treated pupae and controls were(152.20±14.37)and(633.17±17.08)eggs,respectively.The hatchability of eggs ovipositted by flies treated with spores at pupae stage and controls were about(20.64±1.74)%and(88.63±2.05)%.The life span of female flies emerged from spore-exposed pupae and controls were about(4.93±1.74)and(28.93 ± 2.70)d,respectively.So the female fecundity and egg hatchability of M.domestica treated with B.bassiana spores at pupae stage were reduced to 1/4 of controls,life span of female flies emerged from spore-exposed pupae dropped to 1/6 of controls,the reproductive potential of female flies emerged from spore-treated pupae dropped to 1% of control groups.Conclusion Beauveria bassiana spore treatment had no significant effects on the parasitic rate of female N.vitripennis to M.domestica pupae and the pre-oviposition period of emerged female flies.In the breeding grounds of M.domestica,releasing N.vitripennis could control 80% of the pupae.Spraying B.bassiana spores combined with releasing N.vitripennis could reduce the reproductive potential of M.domestica by 99%.The combined method is an effective means to the integrated biological control of M.domestica.
引文
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[15]周和锋,郑金土,张同心,等.家蝇蛹和果蝇蛹繁育的蝇蛹金小蜂对果蝇蛹的寄生比较[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):194-199.DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.022.
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[17]庄桂芬,黄振东,薛志静,等.球孢白僵菌CF08株在家蝇成虫间的水平传播实验[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(2):131-134.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.008.
[18]马亮亮,周俊凝,张忠,等.泰山照山白枝叶对家蝇产卵和生长发育的影响[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(2):135-137.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.009.
[19]C.rcamo MC,Felchicher F,Duarte JP,et al.Horizontaltransmission of Beauveria bassiana(Hypocreales:Cordycipitaceae)and Metarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales:Clavicipitaceae)in Musca domestica(Diptera:Muscidae)[J].JEcon Entomol,2015,108(4):1579-1586.DOI:10.1093/jee/tov163.
[20]薛瑞德,陈仁兵,张杰,等.丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的大量繁殖与释放方法[J].昆虫知识,1988,25(1):53-54.
[21]张忠,叶恭银,胡萃,等.以棕尾别麻蝇蛹繁殖丽蝇蛹集金小蜂最佳条件研究[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2008,3(6):452-454.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5234.2008.06.017.
[22]张忠,史卫峰,叶恭银,等.丽蝇蛹集金小蜂雌蜂的寄主选择性[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2008,3(11):818-820.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5234.2008.11.007.
[23]史慧勤,陈珞艺,韩华,等.呋虫胺与顺式氯氰菊酯混配对抗性家蝇的控制效果观察[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(1):19-21,25.
[2]Echeverria P,Harrison BA,Tirapat C,et al.Flies as a sourceof enteric pathogens in a rural village in Thailand[J].ApplEnviron Microbiol,1983,46(1):32-36.
[3]Fotedar R.Vector potential of houseflies(Musca domestica)inthe transmission of Vibrio cholerae in India[J].J Acta Trop,2001,78(1):31-34.DOI:10.1016/S0001-706X(00)00162-5.
[4]Nazni WA,Luke H,Wan Rozita WM,et al.Determination ofthe flight range and dispersal of the house fly,Musca domestica(L.)using mark release recapture technique[J].Trop Biomed,2005,22(1):53-61.
[5]Murvosh CM,Thaggard CW.Ecological studies of the house fly[J].J Ann Entomol Soc Am,1966,59(3):533-547.DOI:10.1093/aesa/59.3.533.
[6]Ahmad A,Nagaraja TG,Zurek L.Transmission of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 to cattle by house flies[J].Prev Vet Med,2007,80(1):74-81.DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.01.006.
[7]陈丹,张瑞玲,刘婧,等.蝇类携带病原体研究进展[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2016,11(8):765-768,附页1-2.DOI:10.13350/j.cjpb.160821.
[8]陈丹,庄桂芬,黄振东,等.日照市某渔村家蝇和丝光绿蝇成虫体表携带细菌的检测[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2017,23(3):255-257,260.
[9]薛志静,张瑞玲,庄桂芬,等.家蝇携带真菌的研究进展[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(4):396-399.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.025.
[10]冷培恩,王明福,莫建初,等.蝇类防制工作进展与发展展望[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(3):217-222,227.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.03.001.
[11]黄志光,鲜军,胡俊,等.我国家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性现状分析[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(3):306-308,313.
[12]张瑞玲,陈丹,刘婧,等.“推-拉策略”在医学昆虫综合治理中的应用[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(6):624-628.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.06.027.
[13]张吉斌,喻子牛.微生物防治卫生害虫的研究进展[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2007,13(6):399-401.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2781.2007.06.004.
[14]张忠,宋光乐,邓文,等.丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的释放方法研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2009,15(6):454-457.
[15]周和锋,郑金土,张同心,等.家蝇蛹和果蝇蛹繁育的蝇蛹金小蜂对果蝇蛹的寄生比较[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):194-199.DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.022.
[16]杜迎刚,赖钟雄,张忠.双效毒蝇绳对家蝇的控制效果[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(4):915-920.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2015.04.30.
[17]庄桂芬,黄振东,薛志静,等.球孢白僵菌CF08株在家蝇成虫间的水平传播实验[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(2):131-134.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.008.
[18]马亮亮,周俊凝,张忠,等.泰山照山白枝叶对家蝇产卵和生长发育的影响[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(2):135-137.DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.009.
[19]C.rcamo MC,Felchicher F,Duarte JP,et al.Horizontaltransmission of Beauveria bassiana(Hypocreales:Cordycipitaceae)and Metarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales:Clavicipitaceae)in Musca domestica(Diptera:Muscidae)[J].JEcon Entomol,2015,108(4):1579-1586.DOI:10.1093/jee/tov163.
[20]薛瑞德,陈仁兵,张杰,等.丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的大量繁殖与释放方法[J].昆虫知识,1988,25(1):53-54.
[21]张忠,叶恭银,胡萃,等.以棕尾别麻蝇蛹繁殖丽蝇蛹集金小蜂最佳条件研究[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2008,3(6):452-454.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5234.2008.06.017.
[22]张忠,史卫峰,叶恭银,等.丽蝇蛹集金小蜂雌蜂的寄主选择性[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2008,3(11):818-820.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5234.2008.11.007.
[23]史慧勤,陈珞艺,韩华,等.呋虫胺与顺式氯氰菊酯混配对抗性家蝇的控制效果观察[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(1):19-21,25.