朗格汉斯细胞与病毒感染
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摘要
朗格汉斯细胞位于黏膜状组织和皮肤分层鳞状上皮,是高度专职的抗原呈递细胞家族成员,也是表皮中唯一的树突细胞。其作为一种皮肤免疫细胞,在摄取、加工处理和呈递抗原及诱导T细胞反应等方面发挥着巨大作用。机体皮肤或黏膜在遭遇不同病原微生物入侵时,朗格汉斯细胞与病原体的相互作用及引起后续免疫反应的机制存在差异。本文就朗格汉斯细胞的生物学功能及其在一些病毒感染中的作用进行综述。
Langerhans cells situated in stratified squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosal tissue are members of a family of highly specialized antigen-presenting cells called dendritic cells.Langerhans cells are the only dendritic cells detected in epidermis for ingesting,processing and presenting of antigens,and T cell responses.In this article,we review the biological functions of Langerhans cells and their roles in various viral infections.
Langerhans cells situated in stratified squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosal tissue are members of a family of highly specialized antigen-presenting cells called dendritic cells.Langerhans cells are the only dendritic cells detected in epidermis for ingesting,processing and presenting of antigens,and T cell responses.In this article,we review the biological functions of Langerhans cells and their roles in various viral infections.
引文
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[16]Geijtenbeek TB,Kwon DS,Torensma R,van Vliet SJ,van Duijnhoven GC,Middel J,Cornelissen IL,Nottet HS,Kewalramani VN,Littman DR,Figdor CG,van Kooyk Y.DC-SIGN,a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells[J].Cell,2000,100(5):587-597.
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[19]Veazey RS,Klasse PJ,Schader SM,Hu Q,Ketas TJ,Lu M,Marx PA,Dufour J,Colonno RJ,Shattock RJ,Springer MS,Moore JP.Protection of macaques from vaginal SHIV challenge by vaginally delivered inhibitors of virus-cell fusion[J].Nature,2005,438(7064):99-102.
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[21]Blauvelt A,Glushakova S,Margolis LB.HIV-infected human Langerhans cells transmit infection to human lymphoid tissue ex vivo[J].AIDS,2000,14(6):647-651.
[22]Kawamura T,Cohen SS,Borris DL,Aquilino EA,Glushakova S,Margolis LB,Orenstein JM,Offord RE,Neurath AR,Blauvelt A.Candidate microbicides block HIV-1infection of human immature Langerhans cells within epithelial tissue explants[J].J Exp Med,2000,192(10):1491-1500.
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[24]de Witte L,Nabatov A,Pion M,Fluitsma D,de Jong MA,de Gruijl T,Piguet V,van Kooyk Y,Geijtenbeek TB.Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells[J].Nat Med,2007,13(3):367-371.
[25]Ayehunie S,Groves RW,Bruzzese AM,Ruprecht RM,Kupper TS,Langhoff E.Acutely infected Langerhans cells are more efficient than T cells in disseminating HIV type 1to activated T cells following a short cell-cell contact[J].AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses,1995,11(8):877-884.
[26]Pope M,Betjes G,Romani N,Hirmand H,Cameron PU,Hoffman L,Gezelter S,Schuler G,Steinman RM.Conjugates of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes from skin facilitate productive infection with HIV-1[J].Cell,1994,78(3):389-398.
[27]Berger R,Gartner S,Rappersberger K,Foster CA,Wolff K,Stingl G.Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from human epidermis:virus replication and transmission studies[J].J Invest Dermatol,1992,99(3):271-277.
[28]Nasr N,Lai J,Botting RA,Mercier SK,Harman AN,Kim M,Turville S,Center RJ,Domagala T,Gorry PR,Olbourne N,Cunningham AL.Inhibition of two temporal phases of HIV-1transfer from primary Langerhans cells to T cells:the role of langerin[J].J Immunol,2014,193(5):2554-2564.
[29]Ganor Y,Zhou Z,Tudor D,Schmitt A,Vacher-Lavenu MC,Gibault L,Thiounn N,Tomasini J,Wolf JP,Bomsel M.Within 1 h,HIV-1 uses viral synapses to enter efficiently the inner,but not outer,foreskin mucosa and engages Langerhans-T cell conjugates[J].Mucosal Immunol,2010,3(5):506-522.
[30]van den Berg LM,Cardinaud S,van der Aar AM,Sprokholt JK,de Jong MA,Zijlstra-Willems EM,Moris A,Geijtenbeek TB.Langerhans cell-dendritic cell cross-talk via langerin and hyaluronic acid mediates antigen transfer and cross-presentation of HIV-1[J].J Immunol,2015,195(4):1763-1773.
[31]Harman AN,Wilkinson J,Bye CR,Bosnjak L,Stern JL,Nicholle M,Lai J,Cunningham AL.HIV induces maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Langerhans cells[J].J Immunol,2006,177(10):7103-7113.
[32]Fleming DT,Wasserheit JN.From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice:the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection[J].Sex Transm Infect,1999,75(1):3-17.
[33]Cohen MS.HIV and sexually transmitted diseases:lethal synergy[J].Top HIV Med,2004,12(4):104-107.
[34]Hester RA,Kennedy SB.Candida infection as a risk factor for HIV transmission[J].J Womens Health(Larchmt),2003,12(5):487-494.
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