长三角地区近10年气溶胶时空分布特征
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摘要
该文利用2003年3月至2013年2月间MODIS遥感气溶胶三级产品资料,分析了我国东部长三角地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、Angstrom波长指数、细粒子比例和垂直柱质量浓度的时空分布及其变化特征。长三角地区的AOD呈现出北高南低分布,北部(30°N以北)年平均约为0.6~0.7,南部普遍低于0.5。AOD季节分布变现为春夏高、秋冬低,夏季最高。10年间,长三角地区AOD呈现出波动增长趋势,并表现出地区差异,北部增长较南部快。Angstrom波长指数表现为南高北低,春冬低夏秋高,总体变化趋势不显著。冬春季细粒子比例低于夏秋季,北部细粒子比例普遍低于南部,但北部增长率高于南部。从气溶胶垂直柱浓度分布来看,北部高于南部,高值中心在江苏、上海一带,低值区在浙江一带。春季气溶胶柱浓度最高,秋季最低。气溶胶柱浓度北部增长较快,南部有所下降。
Using the MODIS Level 3 aerosol products, the temporal and spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth(AOD),Angstrom exponent(AE), fraction of fine-mode aerosol(FMF) and aerosol columnar mass concentration are analyzed during March 2003 to February 2013 over the Yangtze River Delta Region. It presents a distinct distribution of AODs showing high AODs in the northern part(30°N north) and low in the southern. The annual means of AOD are about 0.6 ~0.7 in the northern part and lower than 0.5 in the southern, respectively. The mean AODs of spring and summer are higher than those of autumn and winter, with the highest one in summer. It shows a fluctuant increasing trend of AOD in this region, which increases faster in the northern part than the southern. The Angstrom exponent presents no significant growth trend and a distribution of high in the southern part and low in the northern. It shows a seasonal feature of high in spring and winter and low in summer and autumn. The FMFs of spring and winter are lower than those of summer and autumn. It shows lower FMFs in the north-ern part than the southern, while the growth rate of the northern is faster than the southern. To the column mass concentration of aerosols, it shows higher value in the northern part, with the highest values in the region of Jiangsu and Shanghai and the lowest in Zhejiang. The highest column mass concentration is in spring, while the lowest in autumn. It shows an increasing trend of column mass concentration in the northern part, while decreasing in the southern.
Using the MODIS Level 3 aerosol products, the temporal and spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth(AOD),Angstrom exponent(AE), fraction of fine-mode aerosol(FMF) and aerosol columnar mass concentration are analyzed during March 2003 to February 2013 over the Yangtze River Delta Region. It presents a distinct distribution of AODs showing high AODs in the northern part(30°N north) and low in the southern. The annual means of AOD are about 0.6 ~0.7 in the northern part and lower than 0.5 in the southern, respectively. The mean AODs of spring and summer are higher than those of autumn and winter, with the highest one in summer. It shows a fluctuant increasing trend of AOD in this region, which increases faster in the northern part than the southern. The Angstrom exponent presents no significant growth trend and a distribution of high in the southern part and low in the northern. It shows a seasonal feature of high in spring and winter and low in summer and autumn. The FMFs of spring and winter are lower than those of summer and autumn. It shows lower FMFs in the north-ern part than the southern, while the growth rate of the northern is faster than the southern. To the column mass concentration of aerosols, it shows higher value in the northern part, with the highest values in the region of Jiangsu and Shanghai and the lowest in Zhejiang. The highest column mass concentration is in spring, while the lowest in autumn. It shows an increasing trend of column mass concentration in the northern part, while decreasing in the southern.
引文
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[2]King M D,Kaufman Y J,Tannre D,et al.Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols from space:past,present and future[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1999,80(11):2229-2259.
[3]石广玉,王标,张华,等.大气气溶胶的辐射与气候效应[J].大气科学,2008,32(4):826-840.Shi Guangyu,Wang Biao,Zhang Hua,et al.The radiative and climatic effects of atmospheric aerosols[J].Journal of Atmospheric Science,2008,32(4):826-840.
[4]杨民,丁瑞强,王式功,等.兰州市大气气溶胶的特征及其对呼吸道疾病的影响[J].干旱气象,2005,23(1):54-57.Yang Min,Ding Ruiqiang,Wang Shigong,et al.The characteristics of aerosol over Lanzhou City and their influence on respiratory disease[J].Arid Meteorology,2005,23(1):54-57.
[5]黄鹂鸣,王格慧,王荟,等.南京市空气中颗粒物PM10,PM2.5污染水平[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(4):334-337.Huang Liming,Wang Gehui,Wang Hui,et al.Pollution level of the airborne particulate matter(PM10,PM2.5)in Nanjing City[J].China Environmental Science,2002,22(4):334-337.
[6]张小曳.中国大气气溶胶及其气候效应的研究[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(1):12-16.Zhang Xiaoye.Aerosol over China and their climate effect[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(1),12-16.
[7]Li Xiaowen,Zhou Xiuji,Li Weiliang,et al.The cooling of Sichuan Province in recent 40 years and its probable mechanisms[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1995,9(1):57-68.
[8]Zhao Chunsheng,Tie Xuexi,Lin Yunping.A possible positive feedback of reduction of precipitation and increase in aerosols over eastern central China[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2006,33,L11814.
[9]Luo Yunfeng,Li Daren,Zhou Xiuji,et al.Characteristics of the spatial distribution and yearly variation of aerosol optical depth over China in the last 30 years[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(D13):14501-14513.
[10]王跃思,辛金元,李占清,等.中国地区大气气溶胶光学厚度与Angstrom参数联网观测(2004-08-2004-12)[J].环境科学,2006(9):1703-1711.Wang Yuesi,Xin Jinyuan,Li Zhanqing,et al.AOD and Angstrom parameters of aerosols observed by the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network from August to December 2004[J].Environmental Science,2006(9):1703-1711.
[11]邱金桓.大气气溶胶光学厚度的宽带消光遥感方法及其应用[J].遥感学报,1997,1(1):15-23.Qiu Jinhuan.Wide-band extinction method to measure aerosol optical depth and its application[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,1997,1(1):15-23.
[12]宗雪梅,邱金桓,王普才.近10年中国16个台站大气气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征分析[J].气候与环境研究,2005,10(2):202-208.Zong Xuemei,Qiu Jinhuan,Wang Pucai.Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth over 16 radiation stations in the last 10 years[J].Climate and Environmental Research,2005,10(2):202-208.
[13]陈启东,邓孺孺,秦雁,等.基于太阳光度计的广州亚运期间气溶胶参数分析[J].热带地理,2011,31(5):445-450.Chen Qidong,Deng Ruru,Qin Yan,et al.Analysis of aerosol parameter by using the sun photometer during Guangzhou Asian Games[J].Tropical Geography,2011,31(5):445-450.
[14]许秀玲.基于MODIS产品的中国陆地气溶胶时空分布特征分析[D].南京:南京师范大学,2012.Xu Xiuling.Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Aerosol over Land in China Based on MODIS Product[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2012.
[15]吴兑.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):257-269.Wu Dui.Hazy weather research in China in the last decade:a review[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(2):257-269.
[16]张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,2013,58:1178-1187.Zhang Xiaoye,Sun Junying,Wang Yaqiang,et al.Factors contributing to haze and fog in China[J].Chin Sci Bull,2013,58:1178-1187.
[17]Kaufman Y J,Tanre D,Gordon H R,et al.Passive remote sensing tropospheric aerosols and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D14):16815-16830.
[18]毛节泰,李成才,张军华,等.MODIS卫星遥感北京地区气溶胶光学厚度及与地面光度计遥感的对比[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(Sl):127-135.Mao Jietai,Li Chengcai,Zhang Junhua,et al.The comparison of remote sensing aerosol optical depth from MODIS data and ground sun-photometer observations[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2002,13(Sl):127-135.
[19]李成才,毛节泰,刘启汉.用MODIS遥感资料分析四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(1):1-7.Li Chengcai,Mao Jietai,Liu Qihan.Characteristics of aerosol optical depth distributions over Sichuan basin derived from MODIS data[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2003,14(1):1-7.
[20]Xia,X,Z Li,B Holben,et al.Aerosol optical properties and radiative effects in the Yangtze Delta region of China[J].J Geophys Res,2007,112.
[21]罗宇翔,陈娟,郑小波,等.近10年中国大陆MODIS遥感气溶胶光学厚度特征[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(5):876-883.Luo Yuxiang,Chen Juan,Zheng Xiaobo,et al.Climatology of aerosol optical depth over China from recent 10 years of MODIS remote sensing data[J].Journal of Eological Environment,2012,21(5):876-883.
[22]关佳欣,李成才.我国中、东部主要地区气溶胶光学厚度的分布和变化[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009(3):13-19.Guan Jiaxin,Li Chengcai.Spatial distributions and changes of aerosol optical depth over eastern and central China[J].Journal of Beijing University:Natural Science Edition,2009(3):13-19.
[23]郑小波,罗宇翔,赵天良,等.中国气溶胶分布的地理学和气候学特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(3):265-272.Zheng Xiaobo,Luo Yuxiang,Zhao Tianliang,et al.Geographical and climatological characterization of aerosol distribution in China[J].Geographical Science,2012,32(3):265-272.
[24]白淑英,史建桥,卜军,等.近年来长江流域气溶胶光学厚度时空变化特征分析[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1567-1573.Bai Shuying,Shi Jianqiao,Pu Jun,et al.Spatio-temporal variations of aerosol optical depth in the Yangtze River Basin during 2000-2011[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2012,21(9):1567-1573.
[25]单楠,杨晓晖,时忠杰,等.基于MODIS的中国陆地气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(5):24-30.Shan Nan,Yang Xiaohui,Shi Zhongjie,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol optical depth in China based on MODIS[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,10(5):24-30..
[26]刘桂青,毛节泰,李成才.长江三角洲地区大气气溶胶光学厚度研究[J].上海环境科学,2003(S2):58-63.Liu Guiqing,Mao Jietai,Li Chengcai.Optical depth study on atmospheric aerosol in Yangze River Delta region[J].Shanghai Environmental Science,2003(S2):58-63.
[27]夏丽华,王芳,王德辉.基于MODIS数据的城市光化学污染预警系统及预警等级研究[J].地理科学,2006(6):712-716.Xia Lihua,Wang Fang,Wang Dehui.Advanced warning system and its grade of the urban photochemical smog pollution based on MODIS data[J].Geographical Science,2006(6):712-716.
[28]M DKing,Y J Kaufman,W P Menzel,et al.Remote sensing of cloud,aerosol and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS)[J].IEEE Transactions o Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30:1-27.
[29]罗凯.基于卫星遥感的东亚气溶胶特征分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Luo Kai.Characteristics of Aerosol in East Asia Based on Satellite Remote Sensing[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
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