梭曼中毒后不同时间大鼠海马N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体亚单位2A/2B及GABAα1受体表达的变化
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摘要
目的观察梭曼染毒大鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体亚单位NR2A,NR2B及GABAα1受体在中毒后不同时间mRNA与蛋白表达的变化。方法大鼠先ip给予HI-6 125mg·kg-1一次性sc给予梭曼160μg·kg-1,采用HE染色及TUNEL染色观察中毒后不同时间大脑海马组织病理损伤及神经元细胞凋亡;实时荧光定量PCR及Western印迹法测定海马组织中NR2A,NR2B及GABAα1受体在梭曼染毒后30min,1h,2h,6h,24h,48h及7d的表达变化。结果组织病理学检查结果显示,在梭曼染毒后1h出现明显的细胞损伤,在染毒后24 h细胞损伤最为严重;TUNEL染色显示,在染毒后6h出现明显细胞凋亡,在染毒后24h凋亡最为严重。染毒后2h,与正常对照组比较,NR2A及NR2B蛋白表达均显著上调,但GABAα1受体到染毒后24h才出现表达明显增加。梭曼染毒后2～6h,与正常对照组比较,海马NR2A,NR2B及GABAα1受体mRNA表达显著上调,染毒后24～48h,NR2A及NR2B受体mRNA出现不同程度降低,至染毒后7d恢复正常水平。结论梭曼染毒后期,出现NMDA受体亚单位NR2A,NR2B及GABAα1受体mRNA及蛋白表达异常;该表达异常可能与海马神经细胞损伤及凋亡存在一定关系。
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor subunits(NR) 2A and NR2B as well as GABAα1 receptor expression in mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus at different time point since soman poisoning in rats.METHODS On the establishment of the soman-induced seizure model in rats which were injected intraperitoneally with soman 160 μg·kg-1,the histopathological changes and neurons apoptosis in CA1 of hippocampus at different time points since exposure to soman were observed by HE staining and TUNEL staining,respectively.Meanwhile,the levels of mRNA and protein of NR2A,NR2B and GABAα1 receptor were tested at 30 min,1,2,6,24,48 h and 7 d following exposure to soman by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting.RESULTSThe neuropathological damage was shown at 1h and became the worst at 24 h in CA1 of hippocampus following exposure to soman.Compared with normal control group,the neurons in CA1 of hippocampus shown an apparent apoptosis at 6 h,and the cell apoptosis became the worst at 24 h,too.Compared with normal control group,the protein level of NR2A and NR2B increased significantly at 2 h while GABAα1 receptor kept unchanged until 24 h since soman poisoning.The mRNA level of NR2A,NR2B and GABAα1 receptors increased significantly at 2-6 h after soman exposure in CA1 of hippocampus.Both NR2A and NR2B decreased significantly at 24-48 h,then returned to normal level at 7 d.CONCLUSION The levels of mRNA and protein of NR2A,NR2B and GABAα1 receptors express abnormally at the late stage of soman induced-seizure,which might be related to the neuro-pathological damage and apoptosis.
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor subunits(NR) 2A and NR2B as well as GABAα1 receptor expression in mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus at different time point since soman poisoning in rats.METHODS On the establishment of the soman-induced seizure model in rats which were injected intraperitoneally with soman 160 μg·kg-1,the histopathological changes and neurons apoptosis in CA1 of hippocampus at different time points since exposure to soman were observed by HE staining and TUNEL staining,respectively.Meanwhile,the levels of mRNA and protein of NR2A,NR2B and GABAα1 receptor were tested at 30 min,1,2,6,24,48 h and 7 d following exposure to soman by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting.RESULTSThe neuropathological damage was shown at 1h and became the worst at 24 h in CA1 of hippocampus following exposure to soman.Compared with normal control group,the neurons in CA1 of hippocampus shown an apparent apoptosis at 6 h,and the cell apoptosis became the worst at 24 h,too.Compared with normal control group,the protein level of NR2A and NR2B increased significantly at 2 h while GABAα1 receptor kept unchanged until 24 h since soman poisoning.The mRNA level of NR2A,NR2B and GABAα1 receptors increased significantly at 2-6 h after soman exposure in CA1 of hippocampus.Both NR2A and NR2B decreased significantly at 24-48 h,then returned to normal level at 7 d.CONCLUSION The levels of mRNA and protein of NR2A,NR2B and GABAα1 receptors express abnormally at the late stage of soman induced-seizure,which might be related to the neuro-pathological damage and apoptosis.
引文
[1]Shih TM,Duniho SM,McDonough JH.Control of nerve agent-induced seizures is critical for neuroprotection and survival[J].Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2003,188(2):69-80.
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[9]Frasca A,Aalbers M,Frigerio F,Fiordaliso F,Salio M,Gobbi M,et al.Misplaced NMDA receptors in epileptogen-esis contribute to excitotoxicity[J].Neurobiol Dis,2011,43(2):507-515.
[10]Li CX,WANG Y,Zhou C,Shen XY.Transportation and role of GABAA receptor in neurological diseases[J].Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2011,27(7):889-892.
[11]Avoli M,de Curtis M.GABAergic synchronization in the limbic system and its role in the generation of epileptiform activity[J].Prog Neurobiol,2011,95(2):104-132.
[12]de Moura JC,Tirapelli DP,Neder L,Saggioro FP,Saka-moto AC,Velasco TR,et al.Amygdala gene expression of NMDA and GABA(A)receptors in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy[J].Hippocampus,2012,22(1):92-97.
[13]Svensson I,Waara L,Johansson L,Bucht A,Cassel G.Soman-induced interleukin-1βmRNA and protein in rat brain[J].Neurotoxicology,2001,22(3):355-362.
[14]Wang YA,Zhou WX,Li JX,Liu YQ,Yue YJ,Zheng JQ,et al.Anticonvulsant effects of phencynonate hydrochloride and other anticholinergic drugs in soman poisoning:neuro-chemical mechanisms[J].Life Sci,2005,78(2):210-223.
[15]Myhrer T,Nguyen NH,Andersen JM,Aas P.Protection against soman-induced seizures in rats:relationship among doses of prophylactics,soman,and adjuncts[J].Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2004,196(3):327-336.
[16]Taghibiglou C,Martin HG,Lai TW,Cho T,Prasad S,Kojic L,et al.Role of NMDA receptor-dependent activation of SREBP1in excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injuries[J].Nat Med,2009,15(12):1399-1406.
[17]McDonough JH,McMonagle JD,Shih TM.Time-depend-ent reduction in the anticonvulsant effectiveness of diaze-pam against soman-induced seizures in guinea pigs[J].Drug Chem Toxicol,2010,33(3):279-283.
[18]Shih TM,Koviak TA,Capacio BR.Anticonvulsants for poisoning by the organophosphorus compound soman:pharmacological mechanisms[J].Neurosci Biobehav Rev,1991,15(3):349-362.
[2]de Araujo Furtado M,Rossetti F,Chanda S,Yourick D.Exposure to nerve agents:from status epilepticus to neu-roinflammation,brain damage,neurogenesis and epilepsy[J].Neurotoxicology,2012,33(6):1476-1490.
[3]Lallement G,Baubichon D,Clarenon D,Galonnier M,Peoc'h M,Carpentier P.Review of the value of gacyclid-ine(GK-11)as adjuvant medication to conventional treat-ments of organophosphate poisoning:primate experiments mimicking various scenarios of military or terrorist attack by soman[J].Neurotoxicology,1999,20(4):675-684.
[4]Rossetti F,de Araujo Furtado M,Pak T,Bailey K,Shields M,Chanda S,et al.Combined diazepam and HDAC inhibitor treatment protects against seizures and neuronal damage caused by soman exposure[J].Neurotoxicology,2012,33(3):500-511.
[5]Myhrer T,Enger S,Aas P.Anticonvulsant efficacy of drugs with cholinergic and/or glutamatergic antagonism microin-fused into area tempestas of rats exposed to soman[J].Neurochem Res,2008,33(2):348-354.
[6]Avanzini G,Franceschetti S.Cellular biology of epilepto-genesis[J].Lancet Neurol,2003,2(1):33-42.
[7]Steinhuser C,Seifert G.Glial membrane channels and receptors in epilepsy:impact for generation and spread of seizure activity[J].Eur J Pharmacol,2002,447(2-3):227-237.
[8]Ghasemi M,Schachter SC.The NMDA receptor complex as a therapeutic target in epilepsy:a review[J].Epilepsy Behav,2011,22(4):617-640.
[9]Frasca A,Aalbers M,Frigerio F,Fiordaliso F,Salio M,Gobbi M,et al.Misplaced NMDA receptors in epileptogen-esis contribute to excitotoxicity[J].Neurobiol Dis,2011,43(2):507-515.
[10]Li CX,WANG Y,Zhou C,Shen XY.Transportation and role of GABAA receptor in neurological diseases[J].Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2011,27(7):889-892.
[11]Avoli M,de Curtis M.GABAergic synchronization in the limbic system and its role in the generation of epileptiform activity[J].Prog Neurobiol,2011,95(2):104-132.
[12]de Moura JC,Tirapelli DP,Neder L,Saggioro FP,Saka-moto AC,Velasco TR,et al.Amygdala gene expression of NMDA and GABA(A)receptors in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy[J].Hippocampus,2012,22(1):92-97.
[13]Svensson I,Waara L,Johansson L,Bucht A,Cassel G.Soman-induced interleukin-1βmRNA and protein in rat brain[J].Neurotoxicology,2001,22(3):355-362.
[14]Wang YA,Zhou WX,Li JX,Liu YQ,Yue YJ,Zheng JQ,et al.Anticonvulsant effects of phencynonate hydrochloride and other anticholinergic drugs in soman poisoning:neuro-chemical mechanisms[J].Life Sci,2005,78(2):210-223.
[15]Myhrer T,Nguyen NH,Andersen JM,Aas P.Protection against soman-induced seizures in rats:relationship among doses of prophylactics,soman,and adjuncts[J].Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2004,196(3):327-336.
[16]Taghibiglou C,Martin HG,Lai TW,Cho T,Prasad S,Kojic L,et al.Role of NMDA receptor-dependent activation of SREBP1in excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injuries[J].Nat Med,2009,15(12):1399-1406.
[17]McDonough JH,McMonagle JD,Shih TM.Time-depend-ent reduction in the anticonvulsant effectiveness of diaze-pam against soman-induced seizures in guinea pigs[J].Drug Chem Toxicol,2010,33(3):279-283.
[18]Shih TM,Koviak TA,Capacio BR.Anticonvulsants for poisoning by the organophosphorus compound soman:pharmacological mechanisms[J].Neurosci Biobehav Rev,1991,15(3):349-362.