(CH_3)_3COOH-NaOH体系处理废弃电路板中焊锡技术
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摘要
研究了在(CH_3)_3COOH-NaOH体系中,废弃电路板焊锡的锡和铅的分离富集行为。系统分析了反应温度、溶液组成、NaOH浓度、(CH_3)_3COOH滴加速度等因素对焊锡浸出效果的影响,得到最佳工艺参数如下:在溶液组成为85%的氢氧化钠与15%的(CH_3)_3COOH,反应温度为70℃条件下,当氢氧化钠溶液初始浓度为5mol/L,(CH_3)_3COOH滴加速度为2.4 mL/min,浸出时间为20 min时,锡的浸出率为96.21%,铅的浸出率为92.36%。往退锡后液中加入理论量1.5倍的Na_2S·9H_2O,铅的沉淀率为98.79%,可制得纯度为99.23%的PbS产品;往沉淀后液中加入理论量2.5倍的Ca(OH)_2,锡的沉淀率达到93.21%,热处理后可得到SnO_2产品,产品符合GB/T26013—2010标准。
In the(CH_3)_3COOH-NaOH system, the separation and enrichment of tin and lead in solder in waste circuit board are studied. The impacts of leaching temperature, solution composition, NaOH concentration and dropping speed of(CH_3)_3COOH on solder extraction were systematically analysed. The optimum parameters for leaching are as follows:under the conditions of the solution consisting 85% of NaOH and 15% of(CH_3)_3COOH and leaching temperature of 70℃, when NaOH concentration is 5 mol/L, dropping speed of(CH_3)_3 COOH is 2.4 mL/min and leaching time is 20 min,the leaching rates of lead and tin reach 98.79% and 99.23% respectively. After adding 1.5 times the theoretical amount of Na_2S 9 H_2O to the solution, the precipitation rate of lead reaches 98.79%, the purity of 99.23% of PbS products are obtained. After adding 2.5 times the theoretical amount of Ca(OH)_2 to the solution, the precipitation rate of tin reaches93.21%, SnO_2 products can be obtained after the heat treatment, which meet the GB/T 26013—2010 standard.
In the(CH_3)_3COOH-NaOH system, the separation and enrichment of tin and lead in solder in waste circuit board are studied. The impacts of leaching temperature, solution composition, NaOH concentration and dropping speed of(CH_3)_3COOH on solder extraction were systematically analysed. The optimum parameters for leaching are as follows:under the conditions of the solution consisting 85% of NaOH and 15% of(CH_3)_3COOH and leaching temperature of 70℃, when NaOH concentration is 5 mol/L, dropping speed of(CH_3)_3 COOH is 2.4 mL/min and leaching time is 20 min,the leaching rates of lead and tin reach 98.79% and 99.23% respectively. After adding 1.5 times the theoretical amount of Na_2S 9 H_2O to the solution, the precipitation rate of lead reaches 98.79%, the purity of 99.23% of PbS products are obtained. After adding 2.5 times the theoretical amount of Ca(OH)_2 to the solution, the precipitation rate of tin reaches93.21%, SnO_2 products can be obtained after the heat treatment, which meet the GB/T 26013—2010 standard.
引文
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[18]HE Ze-qiang,LI Xin-hai,LIU En-hui,HOU Zhao-hui,DENGLing-feng,HU Chuan-yue.Preparation of calcium stannate by modified wet chemical method[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2003,10(3):195-197.
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[21]AUGUST J,BROUARD M,DOCKER M P,SIMONS J P.Vector correlations in molecular photodissociation:H2O2,HONO2 and(CH3)3COOH[J].Zeitschrift Für Elektrochemie Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft Für Physikalische Chemie,1988,92(3):264-273.
[22]刘静欣,郭学益,刘旸,江晓健.Na OH-Na2Sn O3-Na2Pb O2-H2O四元水盐体系相平衡研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2016,7(1):13-16.LIU Jing-xin,GUO Xue-yi,LIU Yang,JIANG Xiao-jian.Study on the phase equilibrium of quaternary saline system Na OH-Na2SnO3-Na2PbO2-H2O[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2006,7(1):13-16.
[2]TERAZONO A,MURAKAMI S,ABE N,INANC B,MORIGUCHI Y.Current status and research on E-waste issues in Asia[J].Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,2006,8(1):1-12.
[3]HICKS C,DIETMAR R,EUGSTER M.The recycling and disposal of electrical and electronic waste in China:Legislative and market responses[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review,2005,25(5):459-471.
[4]郭学益,刘静欣,田庆华.废弃电路板多金属粉末低温碱性熔炼过程的元素行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(6):1757-1763.GUO Xue-yi,LIU Jing-xin,TIAN Qing-hua.Element behavior of low temperature alkaline melting process of waste printed circuit boards[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(6):1757-1763.
[5]刘旸,刘静欣,郭学益.电子废弃物处理技术研究进展[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2014,42(2):44-49.LIU Yang,LIU Jing-xin,GUO Xue-yi.Progress of electronic waste treatment[J].Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering,2014,42(2):44-49.
[6]周益辉,曾毅夫,龙桂花,湛志华.废弃电路板电子元件和焊锡的分离回收技术[J].资源再生,2011(2):64-67.ZHOU Yi-hui,ZENG Yi-fu,LONG Gui-hua,ZHAN Zhi-hua.Separating and recycling of electronic components and solder from waste printed circuit boards[J].Resource Recycling,2011(2):64-67.
[7]YOO J M,JEONG J,YOO K,LEE J C,KIM W.Enrichment of the metallic components from waste printed circuit boards by a mechanical separation process using a stamp mill[J].Waste Management,2009,29(3):1132-1137.
[8]ZHOU Yi-hui,Qiu Ke-qiang.A new technology for recycling materials from waste printed circuit boards[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175(1):823-828.
[9]周益辉,丘克强.回收废弃印刷电路板焊锡的新技术[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(7):1883-1889.ZHOU Yi-hui,QIU Ke-qiang.A new technology for recycling solder from waste printed circuit boards[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(7):1883-1889.
[10]DUAN Hua-bo,HOU Kun,LI Jin-hui,ZHU Xiao-dong.Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):392-399.
[11]LI Jia,LU Hong-zhou,GUO Jie,XU Zhen-ming,Zhou Yao-he.Recycle technology for recovering resources and products from waste printed circuit boards[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(6):1995-2000.
[12]HUANG Kui,GUO Jie,XU Zhen-ming.Recycling of waste printed circuit boards:A review of current technologies and treatment status in China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164(2):399-408.
[13]JHA M K,KUMARI A,CHOUBEY P K,LEE J,KUMAR V,JEONG J.Leaching of lead from solder material of waste printed circuit boards(PCBs)[J].Hydrometallurgy,2012,121:28-34.
[14]MECUCCI A,SCOTT K.Leaching and electrochemical recovery of copper,lead and tin from scrap printed circuit boards[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2002,77(4):449-457.
[15]赵由才,张承龙,蒋家超.碱介质湿法冶金技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2009:98-100.ZHAO You-cai,ZHANG Cheng-long,JIANG Jia-chao.Alkali medium hydrometallurgy technology[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2009:98-100.
[16]刘伟锋.碱性氧化法处理铜、铅阳极泥的研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2011:68-70.LIU Wei-feng.Study on copper/lead anode slimes treated by alkaline oxidative leaching[D].Changsha:Central South University,2011:68-70.
[17]郭学益,江晓健,刘静欣,刘旸,刘子康.梯级碱溶分步提取废弃电路板中有价金属[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(2):406-413.GUO Xue-yi,JIANG Xiao-jian,LIU Jing-xin,LIU Yang,LIUZi-kang.Recovery of metal values from waste printed circuit boards using a cascading alkali leaching process[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(2):406-413.
[18]HE Ze-qiang,LI Xin-hai,LIU En-hui,HOU Zhao-hui,DENGLing-feng,HU Chuan-yue.Preparation of calcium stannate by modified wet chemical method[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2003,10(3):195-197.
[19]OCHS M,VIELLE-PETIT L,WANG LIAN,MALLANTS D,LETERME B.Additional sorption parameters for the cementitious barriers of a near-surface repository[R].NIROND-TR,2010.
[20]汪秋雨,蔡琥,何强,韩亚丽,胡意文,王日.分银渣中锡提取工艺[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2016(7):22-25.WANG Qiu-yu,CAI Hu,HE Qiang,HAN Ya-li,HU Yi-wen,WANG Ri.Tin extraction process from silver separating residue[J].Nonferrous Metal(Smelting Part),2016(7):22-25.
[21]AUGUST J,BROUARD M,DOCKER M P,SIMONS J P.Vector correlations in molecular photodissociation:H2O2,HONO2 and(CH3)3COOH[J].Zeitschrift Für Elektrochemie Berichte Der Bunsengesellschaft Für Physikalische Chemie,1988,92(3):264-273.
[22]刘静欣,郭学益,刘旸,江晓健.Na OH-Na2Sn O3-Na2Pb O2-H2O四元水盐体系相平衡研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2016,7(1):13-16.LIU Jing-xin,GUO Xue-yi,LIU Yang,JIANG Xiao-jian.Study on the phase equilibrium of quaternary saline system Na OH-Na2SnO3-Na2PbO2-H2O[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2006,7(1):13-16.