陕西省小麦白粉菌群体毒性结构及遗传多样性
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摘要
为明确近年来陕西省小麦白粉菌Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici群体毒性及遗传变异情况,利用32份已知抗白粉病基因小麦品种(系)对2013年和2014年陕西省小麦白粉菌群体毒性结构进行测定,并应用扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)标记对2014年陕西省西安市、咸阳市、渭南市、宝鸡市及陕西省毗邻的甘肃省天水市5个小麦白粉菌地理群体共118株白粉菌菌株进行遗传多样性分析。毒性监测结果显示,供试小麦白粉菌群体对Pm1c、Pm2、Pm3d、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm5b、Pm13、Pm21、Pm24、Pm30、Pm2+6、Pm2+Mld、Pm2+6+?、Pm4b+5b、Pm4+?、Pm5+6的平均毒性频率在0～17.23%之间,表明这些基因抗性保持较好;对Pm1a、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm7、Pm8、Pm19、Pm1+2+9的平均毒性频率介于69.17%～99.60%之间,表明这些基因抗性已丧失。用筛选出的6对AFLP标记共扩增出831个多态性位点,多态性位点百分比为94.86%;小麦白粉菌群体遗传多样性指数和香农信息指数分别为0.1151和0.2036,遗传变异主要来源于群体内变异。群体间基因流为4.7939,表明5个小麦白粉菌群体间基因交流广泛。群体间遗传距离和地理距离两者显著正相关。
To characterize the virulence and genetic diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt)population in Shaanxi Province, a total of 238 isolates collected from the province were tested against32 wheat cultivars(lines) with known powdery mildew resistance genes in 2013 and 2014; the genetic diversity of 118 isolates from five geographical populations in Xi'an City, Xianyang City, Weinan City and Baoji City of Shaanxi Province and Tianshui City of Gansu Province was analyzed in 2014 with amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) markers. The mean virulence frequencies of the resistance genes Pm1c, Pm2, Pm3d, Pm4a, Pm4b, Pm5b, Pm13, Pm21, Pm24, Pm30, Pm2+6, Pm2+Mld,Pm2+6+?, Pm4b+5 b, Pm4+? and Pm5+6 were 0-17.23%, indicating that these genes were still effectively resistant to Bgt, whereas those of Pm1a, Pm3b, Pm3c, Pm3e, Pm3f, Pm7, Pm8, Pm19 and Pm1+2+9 were 69.17%-99.60%, suggesting that these genes had lost their resistance in Shaanxi Province. A total of 831 polymorphic bands were identified by six AFLP markers, with a diversity frequency of 94.86%. The Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index of Bgt populations were 0.1151 and 0.2036, respectively. The genetic variation of Bgt isolates mainly occurred within the population.The gene flow values of the five geographical populations were 4.7939, which indicated that the sufficient exchange of genes happened among these populations. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between their geographic distances and genetic diversity.
To characterize the virulence and genetic diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici(Bgt)population in Shaanxi Province, a total of 238 isolates collected from the province were tested against32 wheat cultivars(lines) with known powdery mildew resistance genes in 2013 and 2014; the genetic diversity of 118 isolates from five geographical populations in Xi'an City, Xianyang City, Weinan City and Baoji City of Shaanxi Province and Tianshui City of Gansu Province was analyzed in 2014 with amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) markers. The mean virulence frequencies of the resistance genes Pm1c, Pm2, Pm3d, Pm4a, Pm4b, Pm5b, Pm13, Pm21, Pm24, Pm30, Pm2+6, Pm2+Mld,Pm2+6+?, Pm4b+5 b, Pm4+? and Pm5+6 were 0-17.23%, indicating that these genes were still effectively resistant to Bgt, whereas those of Pm1a, Pm3b, Pm3c, Pm3e, Pm3f, Pm7, Pm8, Pm19 and Pm1+2+9 were 69.17%-99.60%, suggesting that these genes had lost their resistance in Shaanxi Province. A total of 831 polymorphic bands were identified by six AFLP markers, with a diversity frequency of 94.86%. The Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index of Bgt populations were 0.1151 and 0.2036, respectively. The genetic variation of Bgt isolates mainly occurred within the population.The gene flow values of the five geographical populations were 4.7939, which indicated that the sufficient exchange of genes happened among these populations. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between their geographic distances and genetic diversity.
引文
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Li HJ,Wang XM,Song FJ,Wu CP,Wu XF,Zhang N,Zhou Y,Zhang XY.2011.Response to powdery mildew and detection of resistance genes in wheat cultivars from China.Acta Agronomica Sinica,37(6):943-954(in Chinese)[李洪杰,王晓鸣,宋凤景,伍翠平,武小菲,张宁,周阳,张学勇.2011.中国小麦品种对白粉病的抗性反应与抗病基因检测.作物学报,37(6):943-954]
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Li YH,Cao LH,Zhou YL,Song YL,He WL,Duan XY,Yang GQ.2012.Virulence and genetic diversity analyses of wheat powdery mildew population in Henan Province during 2009-2010.Journal of Plant Protection,39(1):31-38(in Chinese)[李亚红,曹丽华,周益林,宋玉立,何文兰,段霞瑜,杨共强.2012.2009-2010年河南省小麦白粉菌群体毒性及其遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报,39(1):31-38]
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Ming ZY,Wang BT,Zhou YL,Duan XY,Zou YF.2012.The sensitivity of population of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici isolates to temperature in 2009.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,42(3):290-296(in Chinese)[明章勇,王保通,周益林,段霞瑜,邹亚飞.2012.2009年我国部分麦区小麦白粉病菌群体对温度的敏感性研究.植物病理学报,42(3):290-296]
Nei M.1975.Molecular population genetics and evolution.Frontiers of Biology,40:1-288
Parks R,Carbone I,Murphy JP,Marshall D,Cowger C.2008.Virulence structure of the eastern US wheat powdery mildew population.Plant Disease,92(7):1074-1082
Shi YQ,Wang BT,Li Q,Wu XY,Wang F,Liu H,Tian YE,Liu QR.2009.Analysis on the virulence genes of Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici and the resistance genes of wheat commercial cultivars in Shaanxi Province.Journal of Triticeae Crops,29(4):706-711(in Chinese)[史亚千,王保通,李强,吴兴元,王芳,刘恒,田月娥,刘倩茹.2009.陕西省小麦白粉菌毒性结构及主栽小麦品种抗性基因的初步分析.麦类作物学报,29(4):706-711]
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