基于电动汽车V2G响应能力的储能容量配置方法
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摘要
电动汽车通过V2G(vehicle to grid)技术可作为移动储能单元参与电网运行。基于电动汽车交通行为特性,构造了考虑时间、能量和电池约束的电动汽车V2G响应能力边界,并将接入电网的电动汽车分成可响应和不可响应2类;针对可响应电动汽车提出定时段V2G响应能力预测模型,并利用蒙特卡洛法实现电动汽车集群V2G响应能力的量化计算。为了解决多种不确定因素下的供电可靠性问题,将风险价值理论引入储能容量配置中,建立了考虑电动汽车V2G的可靠性风险备用模型,用于确定一定可靠性置信度下的储能容量配置。最后通过算例对一天不同时刻下电动汽车V2G响应能力进行预测,并对比和分析了不同置信度、期望支撑时长以及电动汽车渗透率对储能容量配置的影响。
Utilizing vehicle to grid(V2G) technology, electric vehicles(EVs) can behave as mobile energy storage units to participate in power grid operation. Due to the traffic behavior characteristics, the V2G response capability boundaries of EV considering time, energy and battery restraint are constructed. Then, the electric vehicles connected to the grid are divided into two types: responsive and non-responsive. Finally, time-limit V2G response capability forecast models for EV and EV groups are established. On the other side,the value-at-risk(VaR) method is introduced into the sizing of energy storage capacity, and a reliability-at-risk(RaR) model is established to calculate the storage capacity under a certain reliability confidence level. The methods proposed in this paper are applied and verified in the examples.
Utilizing vehicle to grid(V2G) technology, electric vehicles(EVs) can behave as mobile energy storage units to participate in power grid operation. Due to the traffic behavior characteristics, the V2G response capability boundaries of EV considering time, energy and battery restraint are constructed. Then, the electric vehicles connected to the grid are divided into two types: responsive and non-responsive. Finally, time-limit V2G response capability forecast models for EV and EV groups are established. On the other side,the value-at-risk(VaR) method is introduced into the sizing of energy storage capacity, and a reliability-at-risk(RaR) model is established to calculate the storage capacity under a certain reliability confidence level. The methods proposed in this paper are applied and verified in the examples.
引文
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[14]薛志英,周明,李庚银.基于条件风险价值的电力系统短期充裕性决策[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):96-404.XUE Zhiying,ZHOU Ming,LI Gengyin. Short-term adequacy decision of power systems based on CVaR[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(1):96-104.
[15]刘怀东,冯志强,王锦桥,等.计及条件风险价值的综合能源系统经济调度[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):13854392.LIU Huaidong, FENG Zhiqiang,WANG Jinqiao,et al. Economic dispatch of integrated energy systems considering conditional valueat-risk[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(5):1385-4392.
[16] LIU Y J,XU Q S,ZANG H X,et al. Research on the evaluation method of capacity on electric-vehicle energy storage system[C]//2014 IEEE Inernational Workshop on Intelligent Energy Systems(IWIES). San Diego, CA, USA:IEEE, 2014:88-92.
[17] ZHANG H C, HU Z C, XU Z W, et al. Evaluation of achievable vehicle-to-grid capacity using aggregate PEV model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(1):784-794.
[18]杨冰,王丽芳,廖承林.大规模电动汽车充电需求及影响因素[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(2):22-27,35.YANG Bing, WANG Lifang, LIAO Chenglin. Research on powercharging demand of large-scale electric vehicles and its impacting factors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013,28(2):22-37,35.
[19]郑磊.考虑条件风险价值的含多风电场电力系统经济调度[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2016.ZHENG Lei. Economic dispatch of multiple wind farms integrated power system considering conditional value-at-risk[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan Universuty,2016.
[20]王云静,王雅坤,郑磊,等.考虑条件风险价值的含多风电场电力系统经济调度[J].电机与控制应用,2017,44(8):104-411.WANG Yunjing, WANG Yakun, ZHENG Lei, et al. Economic dispatch of multiple wind farms integrated power system considering conditional value-at-risk[J]. Electric Machines&Control Application, 2017,44(8):104-111.
[21]陈丽丽,牟龙华,许旭锋,等.储能装置运行策略及运行特性对微电网可靠性的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(7):70-76.CHEN Lili, MU Longhua, XU Xufeng, et al. Influences of energy storage operational strategy and characteristic on microgrid reliability[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(7):70-76.
[22]别朝红,李更丰,谢海鹏.计及负荷与储能装置协调优化的微网可靠性评估[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):64-73.BIE Zhaohong,LI Gengfeng,XIE Haipeng. Reliability evaluation of micro grids considering coordinative optimization of loads and storage devices[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014, 29(2):64-73.
[23]许健,刘念,于雷,等.计及重要负荷的工业光伏微电网储能优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(9):29-37.XU Jian, LIU Nian,YU Lei,et al. Optimal allocation of energy storage system of PV microgrid for industries considering important load[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(9):29-37.
[2]鲍谚,贾利民,姜久春,等.电动汽车移动储能辅助频率控制策略的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(11):115-426.BAO Yan, JIA Limin,JIANG Jiuchun,et al. Research on the control strategy of electric vehicle mobile energy storage in ancillary frequency regulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(11):115-426.
[3]李博彤,唐锴.计及电动汽车储能特性的微电网规划模型与算法[J].电力建设,2017,38(2):60-65.LI Bo tong, TANG Kai. Planning model and algorithm of microgrid considering energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles[J].Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(2):60-65.
[4]叶晨晖,周玲,张木银,等.计及可入网电动汽车的微电网电源优化配置[J].电力建设,2016,37(12):82-88.YE Chenhui,ZHOU Ling, ZHANG Muyin, et al. Optimal configuration of microgrid power supply considering plug-in electric vehicles[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2016, 37(12):82-88.
[5]张明锐,谢青青,李路遥,等.考虑电动汽车能量管理的微网储能容量优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4663-4673.ZHANG Mingrui, XIE Qingqing, LI Luyao, et al. Optimal sizing of energy storage for microgrids considering energy management of electric vehicles[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(18):4663-4673.
[6]鲍谚,姜久春,张维戈,等.电动汽车移动储能系统模型及控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(22):36-43.BAO Yan, JIANG Jiuchun, ZHANG Weige, et al. Model and control strategy of electric vehicle mobile energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(22):36-43.
[7]翁国庆,张有兵,戚军,等.多类型电动汽车电池集群参与微网储能的V2G可用容量评估[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):36-45.WENG Guoqing, ZHANG Youbing, QI Jun, et al. Evaluation for V2G available capacity of battery groups of electric vehicles as energy storage elements in microgrid[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(8):36-45.
[8] GUNER S,OZDEMIR A. Stochastic energy storage capacity model of EV parking lots[J]. IET Generation, Transmission&Distribution, 2017, 11(7):1754-4761.
[9]郭春林,于鹏,付金彦,等.规模化电动汽车有序充电对居民区配电网的影响[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):94-400.GUO Chunlin, YU Peng, FU Jinyan, et al. Influence of large-scale orderly charging of electric vehicle on residential distribution network[J]. Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):94-100.
[10]张艳娟,苏小林,闫晓霞,等.基于电动汽车时空特性的充电负荷预测[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):75-92.ZHANG Yanjuan, SU Xiaolin, YAN Xiaoxia, et al. A method of charging load forecast based on electric vehicle time-space characteristics[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2015,36(7):75-82.
[11]张书盈,孙英云.考虑分时电价和电池损耗的电动汽车集群V2G响应成本分析[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2017,29(11):39-46.ZHANG Shuying, SUN Yingyun. Analysis for V2G response cost of EV aggregator considering time-of-use tariffs and battery wear[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2017, 29(11):39-46.
[12]周任军,姚龙华,童小娇,等.采用条件风险方法的含风电系统安全经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):56-63, 18.ZHOU Renjun, YAO Longhua, TONG Xiaojiao, et al. Security economic dispatch in wind power integrated systems using a conditional risk method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2012, 32(1):56-63, 18.
[13]周辉,娄素华,吴耀武,等.发电系统一致性运行可靠性指标及其优化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(13):72-79.ZHOU Hui, LOU Suhua, WU Yaowu, et al. Coherent reliability index for generation system operation and its optimization model[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(13):72-79.
[14]薛志英,周明,李庚银.基于条件风险价值的电力系统短期充裕性决策[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):96-404.XUE Zhiying,ZHOU Ming,LI Gengyin. Short-term adequacy decision of power systems based on CVaR[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(1):96-104.
[15]刘怀东,冯志强,王锦桥,等.计及条件风险价值的综合能源系统经济调度[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):13854392.LIU Huaidong, FENG Zhiqiang,WANG Jinqiao,et al. Economic dispatch of integrated energy systems considering conditional valueat-risk[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(5):1385-4392.
[16] LIU Y J,XU Q S,ZANG H X,et al. Research on the evaluation method of capacity on electric-vehicle energy storage system[C]//2014 IEEE Inernational Workshop on Intelligent Energy Systems(IWIES). San Diego, CA, USA:IEEE, 2014:88-92.
[17] ZHANG H C, HU Z C, XU Z W, et al. Evaluation of achievable vehicle-to-grid capacity using aggregate PEV model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(1):784-794.
[18]杨冰,王丽芳,廖承林.大规模电动汽车充电需求及影响因素[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(2):22-27,35.YANG Bing, WANG Lifang, LIAO Chenglin. Research on powercharging demand of large-scale electric vehicles and its impacting factors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013,28(2):22-37,35.
[19]郑磊.考虑条件风险价值的含多风电场电力系统经济调度[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2016.ZHENG Lei. Economic dispatch of multiple wind farms integrated power system considering conditional value-at-risk[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan Universuty,2016.
[20]王云静,王雅坤,郑磊,等.考虑条件风险价值的含多风电场电力系统经济调度[J].电机与控制应用,2017,44(8):104-411.WANG Yunjing, WANG Yakun, ZHENG Lei, et al. Economic dispatch of multiple wind farms integrated power system considering conditional value-at-risk[J]. Electric Machines&Control Application, 2017,44(8):104-111.
[21]陈丽丽,牟龙华,许旭锋,等.储能装置运行策略及运行特性对微电网可靠性的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(7):70-76.CHEN Lili, MU Longhua, XU Xufeng, et al. Influences of energy storage operational strategy and characteristic on microgrid reliability[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(7):70-76.
[22]别朝红,李更丰,谢海鹏.计及负荷与储能装置协调优化的微网可靠性评估[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):64-73.BIE Zhaohong,LI Gengfeng,XIE Haipeng. Reliability evaluation of micro grids considering coordinative optimization of loads and storage devices[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014, 29(2):64-73.
[23]许健,刘念,于雷,等.计及重要负荷的工业光伏微电网储能优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(9):29-37.XU Jian, LIU Nian,YU Lei,et al. Optimal allocation of energy storage system of PV microgrid for industries considering important load[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44(9):29-37.