Morphological features of continental shelf margin:Examples from the Pakistan Offshore
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摘要
This paper describes various morphological features of continental shelf and their present-day analogues both present in surface and subsurface data. Most of the examples are taken from Pakistan Offshore.Identification of subsurface features from wireline logs and seismic data is very significant for the application of facies identification in the field of petroleum geosciences, sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology, which is based on the analysis of various lithological characteristic of facies, as well as their geometrical distributions in the basin.
This paper describes various morphological features of continental shelf and their present-day analogues both present in surface and subsurface data. Most of the examples are taken from Pakistan Offshore.Identification of subsurface features from wireline logs and seismic data is very significant for the application of facies identification in the field of petroleum geosciences, sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology, which is based on the analysis of various lithological characteristic of facies, as well as their geometrical distributions in the basin.
This paper describes various morphological features of continental shelf and their present-day analogues both present in surface and subsurface data. Most of the examples are taken from Pakistan Offshore.Identification of subsurface features from wireline logs and seismic data is very significant for the application of facies identification in the field of petroleum geosciences, sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology, which is based on the analysis of various lithological characteristic of facies, as well as their geometrical distributions in the basin.
引文
[1] M.E. Tucker, Sedimentary Rocks in the Field, John Wiley&Sons, Ltd, 2003.ISBN:0-470-85123-6.
[2] A. Nazeer, H. Shah, S.A. Abbassi, S.H. Solangi, N. Ahmad, Coal bed methane(CBM)resources of lower Indus Basin, Sindh-Pakistan, Bahria Univ. Res. J.Earth Sci. 2(1)(June 2017). www.bahria.edu.pk/bukc/burjes2016.
[3] R.G. Walker, N.P. James, Facies models, response to sea level changes, Geol.Assoc. Canada(1992)27-45.
[4] N. Ahmad, P. Fink, S. Sturrock, T. Mahmood, M. Ibrahim, Sequence stratigraphy as predictive tool in lower Goru fairway, lower and Middle Indus platform,Pakistan, in:Proceedings, Pakistan Association of Petroleum Geoscientists(PAPG)/Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)Annual Technical Conference,Islamabad, Pakistan, 2004.
[5] I. G. Kessaelar, S.D. Sach, Depositional setting and sequence stratigraphic implications of the upper sinemurian(lower Jurassic)sandstone interval,north celtic sea/st George's channel basins, offshore Ireland, Geol. Soc. Lond.Spec. Publ. 93(1)(January 1995)171-192.
[6] J. Chow, Li Ming-Ching, S. Fuh, Geophysical well log study on the paleoenvironment of the hydrocarbon producing zones in the Erchungchi Formation, Hsinyin, SW Taiwan, TAO 16(3)(2005)531-543.
[7] J. Trumbull, J. Lyman, J.F. pepper, Continents and Ocean Basins and Their Relation to Continental Shelves and Continental Slopes. Geological Survey Bulletin, USGS, 1958, p. 1067. https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1067/report.pdf.
[8] SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, USA. http://www.sepmstrata.org/.
[9] A. Nazeer, S.A. Abbassi, S.H. Solangi, Sedimentary facies interpretation of Gamma ray(GR)log as basic well logs in central and lower Indus Basin of Pakistan, Geod. Geodyn. 2016 7(2016)432-443. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.geog.2016.06.006.
[10] R. Henrich, D. Piper, Style of Continental Margin Sedimentation:Comparing Glaciated and Non-glaciation Slope System Using Case Studies on the Southeast Canadian and Northern Argentina and Uruguay Continental Slope,Phd Thesis, University of Bremen, Germany, 2011.
[11] S.M. Carmichael, S. Akhter, J.K. Bennett, M.A. Fatimi, K. Hosein, R.W. Jones,M.B. Longacre, M.J. Osborne, R.S.J. Tozer, Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Offshore Indus Basin, vol. 15, Geological Society of London, Pakistan,2009, p. 107116.
[12] S.A. Ahsan, R. Khan, Y. Naveed, M.M. Saqib, Physio-chemical controls on source rock in Offshore Indus Comparative study of some major tertiary deltas of the world, in:Proceedings, Pakistan Association of Petroleum Geoscientists(PAPG)/Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)Annual Technical Conference,Islamabad, Pakistan, 2011.
[13] 0. Verheijen, Community Irrigation Systems in the Province of Balochistan.Balochistan Community Irrigation and Agriculture Project, Halcrow Euroconsult Nespak Technoconsult, Quetta, Balochistan, 1998, p. 85.
[14] S. Miththapala, Tidal Flats. Coastal Ecosystems Series, vol. 5, IUCN, Colombo,Sri Lanka, 2013, p. iii+48.
[15] P. Kumar, Palynological Investigation of Coalbearing Deposits of the Thar Coal Feld Sindh, Pakistan, Department of Geology, Lund University, UK, 2012.
[16] S.A. Malkani, A review of coal and water resources of Pakistan, Sci. Technol.Dev. 31(3)(2012)202-218(ISSN 0254-6418), 2012, Pakistan Council for Science and Technology.
[17] L. Giosen, S. Constantinescu, P.D. Clift, A.R. Tabrez, M. Danish, A. Inam, Recent morphodynamics of the Indus delta shore and shelf, Cont. Shelf Res. 26(2006)1668-1684.
[18] D.J. Cant, Subsurface facies analysis, in:R.G. Walker, N.P. James(Eds.),Facies Models, Response to Sea Level Changes, Geol. Assoc. Canada, 1992,p. 27e45.
[19] F.A. Khan, H. Ali, M. Safdar, F. Daud, G. Subhani, A. Nazeer, F.H. Siddiqui,A. Abid Bhatti, Integrating High Resolution Images&Spectroscopy Data to Solve Reservoir Delineation Puzzles in Adhi Field, Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)/Pakistan Association of Petroleum Geoscientists(PAPG)Annual Technical Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2016.
[2] A. Nazeer, H. Shah, S.A. Abbassi, S.H. Solangi, N. Ahmad, Coal bed methane(CBM)resources of lower Indus Basin, Sindh-Pakistan, Bahria Univ. Res. J.Earth Sci. 2(1)(June 2017). www.bahria.edu.pk/bukc/burjes2016.
[3] R.G. Walker, N.P. James, Facies models, response to sea level changes, Geol.Assoc. Canada(1992)27-45.
[4] N. Ahmad, P. Fink, S. Sturrock, T. Mahmood, M. Ibrahim, Sequence stratigraphy as predictive tool in lower Goru fairway, lower and Middle Indus platform,Pakistan, in:Proceedings, Pakistan Association of Petroleum Geoscientists(PAPG)/Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)Annual Technical Conference,Islamabad, Pakistan, 2004.
[5] I. G. Kessaelar, S.D. Sach, Depositional setting and sequence stratigraphic implications of the upper sinemurian(lower Jurassic)sandstone interval,north celtic sea/st George's channel basins, offshore Ireland, Geol. Soc. Lond.Spec. Publ. 93(1)(January 1995)171-192.
[6] J. Chow, Li Ming-Ching, S. Fuh, Geophysical well log study on the paleoenvironment of the hydrocarbon producing zones in the Erchungchi Formation, Hsinyin, SW Taiwan, TAO 16(3)(2005)531-543.
[7] J. Trumbull, J. Lyman, J.F. pepper, Continents and Ocean Basins and Their Relation to Continental Shelves and Continental Slopes. Geological Survey Bulletin, USGS, 1958, p. 1067. https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1067/report.pdf.
[8] SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, USA. http://www.sepmstrata.org/.
[9] A. Nazeer, S.A. Abbassi, S.H. Solangi, Sedimentary facies interpretation of Gamma ray(GR)log as basic well logs in central and lower Indus Basin of Pakistan, Geod. Geodyn. 2016 7(2016)432-443. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.geog.2016.06.006.
[10] R. Henrich, D. Piper, Style of Continental Margin Sedimentation:Comparing Glaciated and Non-glaciation Slope System Using Case Studies on the Southeast Canadian and Northern Argentina and Uruguay Continental Slope,Phd Thesis, University of Bremen, Germany, 2011.
[11] S.M. Carmichael, S. Akhter, J.K. Bennett, M.A. Fatimi, K. Hosein, R.W. Jones,M.B. Longacre, M.J. Osborne, R.S.J. Tozer, Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Offshore Indus Basin, vol. 15, Geological Society of London, Pakistan,2009, p. 107116.
[12] S.A. Ahsan, R. Khan, Y. Naveed, M.M. Saqib, Physio-chemical controls on source rock in Offshore Indus Comparative study of some major tertiary deltas of the world, in:Proceedings, Pakistan Association of Petroleum Geoscientists(PAPG)/Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)Annual Technical Conference,Islamabad, Pakistan, 2011.
[13] 0. Verheijen, Community Irrigation Systems in the Province of Balochistan.Balochistan Community Irrigation and Agriculture Project, Halcrow Euroconsult Nespak Technoconsult, Quetta, Balochistan, 1998, p. 85.
[14] S. Miththapala, Tidal Flats. Coastal Ecosystems Series, vol. 5, IUCN, Colombo,Sri Lanka, 2013, p. iii+48.
[15] P. Kumar, Palynological Investigation of Coalbearing Deposits of the Thar Coal Feld Sindh, Pakistan, Department of Geology, Lund University, UK, 2012.
[16] S.A. Malkani, A review of coal and water resources of Pakistan, Sci. Technol.Dev. 31(3)(2012)202-218(ISSN 0254-6418), 2012, Pakistan Council for Science and Technology.
[17] L. Giosen, S. Constantinescu, P.D. Clift, A.R. Tabrez, M. Danish, A. Inam, Recent morphodynamics of the Indus delta shore and shelf, Cont. Shelf Res. 26(2006)1668-1684.
[18] D.J. Cant, Subsurface facies analysis, in:R.G. Walker, N.P. James(Eds.),Facies Models, Response to Sea Level Changes, Geol. Assoc. Canada, 1992,p. 27e45.
[19] F.A. Khan, H. Ali, M. Safdar, F. Daud, G. Subhani, A. Nazeer, F.H. Siddiqui,A. Abid Bhatti, Integrating High Resolution Images&Spectroscopy Data to Solve Reservoir Delineation Puzzles in Adhi Field, Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)/Pakistan Association of Petroleum Geoscientists(PAPG)Annual Technical Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2016.