青藏高原形成和演化的古地磁研究进展综述
|
摘要
20世纪80年代以来,特别是最近10年,中外古地磁学者在青藏高原获得了一大批古地磁数据,从构造古地磁角度,重建了青藏高原诸块体(喜马拉雅、拉萨地块、羌塘地块)的碰撞拼合过程,探讨了上述块体碰撞所造成的青藏高原陆内构造缩短量和变形模式。本文对近30年来青藏高原古地磁研究进行了回顾和总结,并在此基础上试图重建了中、新特提斯洋的演化过程,进一步探讨青藏高原形成和演化的动力学背景。
During the past decade, Chinese and foreign geomagnetic scholars obtained a large number of paleomagnetic data on the Tibetan plateau. Based on these paleomagnetic results, the collision process of the Tibetan plateau blocks including the Himalayas, Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks were reconstructed. Both the amount of intracontinental crustal shortening due to the collision of India–Asia and the model of the plateau deformation were discussed. The previous paleomagnetic studies of the Tibetan plateau in the past 30 years are reviewed and summarized in this paper. On the basis of the analysis of the available paleomagnetic data, the authors try to rebuild the evolution process of the Mid-Tethys and Neo-Tethys Ocean, and to further study the dynamic background of the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau.
During the past decade, Chinese and foreign geomagnetic scholars obtained a large number of paleomagnetic data on the Tibetan plateau. Based on these paleomagnetic results, the collision process of the Tibetan plateau blocks including the Himalayas, Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks were reconstructed. Both the amount of intracontinental crustal shortening due to the collision of India–Asia and the model of the plateau deformation were discussed. The previous paleomagnetic studies of the Tibetan plateau in the past 30 years are reviewed and summarized in this paper. On the basis of the analysis of the available paleomagnetic data, the authors try to rebuild the evolution process of the Mid-Tethys and Neo-Tethys Ocean, and to further study the dynamic background of the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau.
引文
曹勇,孙知明,刘栋梁,张蕾,叶小舟,郑勇,何祥丽.2017.拉萨地块北缘尼玛地区晚白垩世古地磁结果及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,33(12):3989-3998.
程鑫,吴汉宁,刁宗宝,王海军,张晓东,马轮,周亚楠,康伟伟,计文化,李荣社,陈守建,赵振明.2012.羌北地块中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果[J].地球物理学报,55(10):3399-3409.
程鑫,周亚楠,郭强,侯宝宁,吴汉宁.2015.青藏高原拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁结果及其构造意义[J].地质通报,34(Z1):306-317.
董学斌,王忠民,谭承泽,杨惠心,程立人,周姚秀.1991.青藏高原古地磁研究新结果[J].地质论评,37(2):160-164.
董学斌,王忠民,谭承泽,杨惠心,程立人,周烑秀.1990.亚东-格尔木地学断面古地磁新数据与青藏高原地体演化模式的初步研究[J].中国地质科学院院报,21:139-148.
董学斌,杨惠心,程立人,李鹏武.1992.青藏高原风火山砂岩的磁性特征及其意义[J].长春地质学院学报,22(3):330-335.
李永安,李强,张慧,孙东江,曹运动,吴绍祖.1995.塔里木及其周边古地磁研究与盆地形成演化[J].新疆地质,13(4):293-376.
梁雅伦,黄宝春,易治宇,张也,闫永刚,张东海.2017.印欧大陆碰撞前亚洲大陆南缘古位置再研究:林周盆地上白垩统红层的古地磁新结果[J].地球物理学报,60(5):1811-1824.
莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,董国臣,周肃,郭铁鹰,张双全,王亮亮.2003.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应[J].地学前缘,10(3):135-148.
莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,董国臣,廖忠礼.2007.印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的时限[J].地质通报,26(10):1240-1244.
任海东,颜茂都,孟庆泉,宋春晖,方小敏.2013.羌塘盆地磁倾角浅化校正及其在构造上的应用--中侏罗纪以来约1000km的南北向缩短[J].地质科学,48(2):543-556.
宋春彦,王剑,付修根,冯兴雷,陈明,何利.2012.青藏高原羌塘盆地晚三叠世古地磁数据及其构造意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(2):526-535.
孙知明,江万,裴军令,李海兵.2008.青藏高原拉萨地块早白垩纪火山岩古地磁结果及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,24(7):1621-1626.
唐祥德,黄宝春,杨列坤,易治宇,乔庆庆,陈力为.2013.拉萨地块中部晚白垩世火山岩Ar-Ar年代学和古地磁研究结果及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,56(1):136-149.
许志琴,赵中宝,彭淼,马绪宣,李化启,赵俊猛.2016.论“造山的高原”[J].岩石学报,32(12):3557-3571.
叶祥华,李家福.1987.古地磁与西藏板块及特提斯演化[J].成都地质学院学报,14(1):65-79.
张波兴,李永祥,胡修棉.2017.藏南床得剖面古地磁结果对印度-亚洲碰撞方式的约束[J].科学通报,62(4):298-311.
中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.2000.喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区地质演化[M].北京:科学出版社.
朱湘元,刘椿,叶素娟,林金录.1977.西藏林周地区红层的天然剩余磁性和印度洋板块的北向移动[J].地质科学,12(1):44-51.
朱志文,滕吉文.1980.冈瓦纳大陆解体后印度板块分块北移并与欧亚板块碰撞的古地磁证据[A]//中国地质科学院和法国科学研究中心,编(eds.).中法喜马拉雅考察成果.北京:地质出版社:17-24.
朱志文,朱湘元,张一鸣.1981.西藏高原古地磁及大陆漂移[J].地球物理学报,24(1):40-49.
朱志文.1985.西藏高原及其邻区显生宙以来的古地磁极移曲线的对比意义[J].地球物理学报,28(z1):219-225.
ACHACHE J,COURRILOT V,ZHOU Y X.1984.Paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of southern Tibet since Middle Cretaceous time:New paleomagnetic data and synthesis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,89(10):311-339.
AITCHISON J C,ALI J R,DAVIS A M.2007.When and where did India and Asia collide?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,112:B05423.
APPEL E,MüLLER R,WIDDER R W.1991.Palaeomagnetic results from the Tibetan sedimentary series of the Manang area(north central Nepal)[J].Geophysical Journal International,104:255-266.
BESSE J,COURTILLOT V,POZZI J P,WESTPHAL M,ZHOU Y.1984.Palaeomagnetic estimates of crustal shortening in the Himalayan thrusts and Zangpo suture[J].Nature,311:621-626.
BIAN W,YANG T,MA Y,JIN J,GAO F,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H.2017.New Early Cretaceous palaeomagnetic and geochronological results from the far western Lhasa terrane:Contributions to the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision[J].Scientific Reports,7:16216.
CAO Y,SUN Z M,LI H B,PEI J L,JIANG W,ZHAO L S,WANHL Z,LI C L,YE X Z,ZHANG L.2017.New Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from volcanic rocks and red beds from the Lhasa terrane and its implications for the paleolatitude of the southern margin of Asia prior to the collision with India[J].Gondwana Research,41:337-351.
CAO Y,SUN Z M,LI H B,PEI J L,LIU D L,ZHANG L,YE X Z,ZHENG Y,HE X L,GE C L,JIANG W.2018.New paleomagnetic results from Middle Jurassic limestones of the Qiangtang terrane,Tibet:Constraints on the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean[J].Tectonics(in press).
CAO Yong,SUN Zhi-ming,LIU Dong-liang,ZHANG Lei,YEXiao-zhou,ZHENG Yong,HE Xiang-li.2017.Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic results in the Nyima area from the northern margin of the Lhasa block and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,33(12):3989-3998(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN J,HUANG B,SUN L.2010.New constraints to the onset of the India-Asia collision:Paleomagnetic reconnaissance on the Linzizong Group in the Lhasa Block,China[J].Tectonophysics,489:189-209.
CHEN J,HUANG B,YI Z,YANG L,CHEN L.2014.Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological results from the Linzizong Group,Linzhou Basin,Lhasa Terrane,Tibet:Implications to Paleogene paleolatitude and onset of the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,96:162-177.
CHEN W,YANG T,ZHANG S,YANG Z,LI H,WU H,ZHANG J,MA Y,CAI F.2012.Paleomagnetic results from the early cretaceous zenong group volcanic rocks,Cuoqi,Tibet,and their paleogeographic implications[J].Gondwana Research,22:461-469.
CHEN W,ZHANG S,DING J,ZHANG J,ZHAO X,ZHU L,YANG W,YANG T,LI H,WU H.2017.Combined paleomagnetic and geochronological study on Cretaceous strata of the Qiangtang terrane,central Tibet[J].Gondwana Research,41:93-109.
CHEN Y,COGNE J P,COURTILLOT V,TAPPONNIER P,ZHOUY.1993.Cretaceous paleomagnetic results from western Tibet and tectonic implications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,98:17981-17999.
CHEN Z,BURCHFIEL B C,LIU Y,KING R W,ROYDEN L H,TANG W,WANG E,ZHAO J,ZHANG X.2000.Global positioning system measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105:16215-16227.
CHENG X,WU H,GUO Q,HOU B,XIA L,WANG H,DIAO Z,HOU F,JI W,LI R,CHEN S,ZHAO Z,LIU X.2012.Paleomagnetic results of Late Paleozoic rocks from northern Qiangtang Block in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Science China Earth Science,55(1):67-75.
CHENG Xin,WU Han-ning,DIAO Bao-gui,WANG Hai-jun,ZHANG Xiao-dong,MA Lun,ZHOU Ya-nan,KANG Wei-wei,JI Wen-hua,LI Rong-she,CHEN Shou-jian,ZHAOZhen-ming.2012.New paleomagnetic result of the Middle-Late Jurassic rocks from the northern Qiangtang Block,west China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(10):3399-3409(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHENG Xin,ZHOU Ya-nan,GUO Qiang,HOU Bao-ning,WUHan-ning.2015.Paleomagnetism of Triassic rocks in the western Lhasa terrane,Tibetan Plateau,and its tectonic implications[J].Geological Bulletin of China,34(2-3):306-317(in Chinese with English abstract).
COGNéJ P,BESSE J,CHEN Y,HANKARD F.2013.A new Late Cretaceous to Present APWP for Asia and its implications for paleomagnetic shallow inclinations in Central Asia and Cenozoic Eurasian plate deformation[J].Geophysical Journal International,192(3):1000-1024.
COGNéJ P,HALIM N,CHEN Y,COURTILLOT V.1999.Resolving the problem of shallow magnetizations of Tertiary age in Asia:insights from paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang,Kunlun,and Qaidam blocks(Tibet,China),and a new hypothesis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,104(B8):17715-17734.
COPLEY A,AVOUAC J P,ROYER J Y.2010.The India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of the Indian plate:implications for the forces driving plate motions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,115:B03410.
CROUZET C,GAUTAM P,SCHILL E,APPEL E.2003.Multicomponent magnetization in western Dolpo(Tethyan Himalaya,Nepal):tectonic implications[J].Tectonophysics,377(1-2):179-196.
DEWEY J F,CANDE S,PITMAN W C.1989.Tectonic evolution of the India-Eurasia collision zone[J].Eclogae Geologica Helvetiae,82(3):717-734.
DEWEY J F,SHACKLETON R M,CHANG C F,SUN Y.1988.The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,327(1594):379-413.
DING J,ZHANG S,CHEN W,ZHANG J,YANG T,JIANG G,ZHANG K,LI H,WU H.2015.Paleomagnetism of the Oligocene Kangtuo Formation Red Beds(Central Tibet):Inclination Shallowing and Tectonic Implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,104(1):55-68.
DING L,KAPP P,WAN X Q.2005.Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India-Asia collision,south central Tibet[J].Tectonics,24(3):TC3001.
DING L,XU Q,YUE Y,WANG H,CAI F,LI S.2014.The Andean-type Gangdese Mountains:Paleoelevation record from the Paleocene-Eocene Linzhou Basin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,392:250-264.
DONG Xue-bin,WANG Zhong-min,TAN Cheng-ze,YANGHui-xin,CHENG Li-ren,ZHOU Yao-xiu.1990.New paleomagnetic results from Yadong-Golmud geoscience transect and a preliminary study on the model of terranes evolution in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,21(2):139-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Xue-bin,WANG Zhong-ming,TAN Cheng-ze,YANGHui-xin,CHENG Li-ren,ZHOU Yao-xiu.1991.New results of Paleomagnetic studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geological Review,37(2):160-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Xue-bin,YANG Hui-xin,CHENG Li-ren,LI Peng-wu.1992.The magnetic properties of Cretaceous violet sandstones on Fenghuo Mountains region in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its significance[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,22(3):330-335(in Chinese with English abstract).
DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P C,HINSBERGEN D,MEIJERSM,KAPP P.2010.Palaeolatitude and age of the Indo-Asia collision:palaeomagnetic constraints[J].Geophysical Journal International,182(3):1189-1198.
FAN J J,LI C,XIE C M,WANG M,CHEN J W.2015.The evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Neo-Tethys ocean:Evidence from zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses of Early Cretaceous oceanic islands and ophiolites[J].Tectonophysics,655:27-40.
FAN J J,LI C,XIE C M,WANG M.2014.Petrology,geochemistry,and geochronology of the Zhonggang ocean island,northern Tibet:implications for the evolution of the Banggongco-Nujiang oceanic arm of the Neo-Tethys[J].International Geology Review,56(12):1504-1520.
GAETANI M,GARZANTI E.1991.Multicyclic history of the northern India continental margin(northwestern Himalaya)[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,75(9):1427-1446.
GAN W,ZHANG P,SHEN Z K,NIU Z,WANG M,WAN Y,ZHOU D,CHENG J.2007.Present day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,112:B08416.
GREEN O R,SEARLE M P,CORFIELD R I,CORFIELD R M.2008.Cretaceoustertiary carbonate platform evolution and the age of the India-Asia collision along the Ladakh Himalaya(Northwest India)[J].Journal of Geology,116(4):331-353.
GUILLOT S,GARZANTI E,BARATOUX D,MARQUER D,MAHéO G,DE SIGOYER J.2003.Reconstructing the total shortening history of the NW Himalaya[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,4(7):1064.
GUILLOT S,MAHéO G,DE SIGOYER J,HATTORI K H,PéCHER A.2008.Tethyan and Indian subduction viewed from the Himalayan high to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks[J].Tectonophysics,451(1):225-241.
GUILLOT S,REPLUMAZ A,HATTORI K H,STRZERZYNSKI P.2007.Initial geometry of western Himalaya and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic evolution[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,30(3):557-564.
GUYNN J,KAPP P,PULLEN A,HEIZLER M,GEHRELS G,DING L.2006.Tibetan basement rocks near Amdo reveal“missing”Mesozoic tectonism along the Bangong suture,central Tibet[J].Geology,34(6):505-508.
GUYNN J,TROPPER P,KAPP P,GEHRELS G.2013.Metamorphism of the Amdo metamorphic complex,Tibet:implications for the Jurassic tectonic evolution of the Bangong suture zone[J].Journal of Metamorphic Geology,31(7):705-727.
HAINES S S,KLEMPERER S L,BROWN L,GUO J,MECHIE J,MEISSNER R,ROSS A,ZHAO W.2003.INDEPTH III seismic data:From surface observations to deep crustal processes in Tibet[J].Tectonics,22(1):1001.
HALIM N,COGNéJ P,CHEN Y,ATASIEI R,BESSE J,COURTILLOT V,GILDER S,MARCOUS J,ZHAO R L.1998.New Cretaceous and Early Tertiary paleomagnetic results from Xining‐Lanzhou basin,Kunlun and Qiangtang blocks,China:Implications on the geodynamic evolution of Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,103(B9):21025-21045.
HARRISON T M,YIN A,GROVE M,LOVERA O M,RYERSONF J,ZHOU X.2000.The Zedong Window:A record of superposed Tertiary convergence in southeastern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B8):19211-19230.
HUANG K N,OPDYKE N D,LI J G,PENG X.1992.Paleomagnetism of cretaceous rocks from eastern Qiangtang terrane of Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,97(B2):1789-1799.
HUANG W,DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P,VANHINSBERGEN D,HALLOT E.2013.Inclination shallowing in Eocene Linzizong sedimentary rocks from Southern Tibet:correction,possible causes and implications for reconstructing the India-Asia collision[J].Geophysical Journal International,194(3):1390-1411.
HUANG W,LIPPERT P C,JACKSON M J,DEKKERS M J,ZHANG Y,LI J,GUO Z,KAPP P,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J.2017a.Remagnetization of the Paleogene Tibetan Himalayan carbonate rocks in the Gamba area:Implications for reconstructing the lower plate in the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,122(2):808-825.
HUANG W,LIPPERT P C,ZHANG Y,JACKSON M J,DEKKERS M J,LI J,HU X,ZHANG B,GUO Z,VANHINSBERGEN D J J.2017b.Remagnetization of carbonate rocks in southern Tibet:Perspectives from rock magnetic and petrographic investigations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,122(4):2434-2456.
HUANG W,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,DEKKERS M J,GARZANTI E,DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P,LI X,MAFFIONE M,LANGEREIS C G,HU X M,GUO Z J,KAPPP.2015.Paleolatitudes of the Tibetan Himalaya from primary and secondary magnetizations of Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,16(1):77-100.
KAPP P,DECELLES P G,GEHRELS G E,HEIZLER M,DING L.2007.Geological records of the Lhasa-Qiangtang and Indo-Asian collisions in the Nima area of central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,119(7-8):917-933.
KAPP P,YIN A,HARRISON T M,DING L.2005.Cretaceous-Tertiary shortening,basin development,and volcanism in central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(7):865-878.
KLOOTWIJK C T,BINGHAM D K.1980.The extent of Greater India:III.Palaeomagnetic data from the Tibetan series,Thakkhola region,Nepal Himalaya[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,51(2):381-405.
KLOOTWIJK C T,CONAGHAN P J,NAZIRULLAH R,DEJONGK A.1994.Further paleomagnetic data from Chitral(Eastern Hindukush):evidence for an early India-Asian contact[J].Tectonophysics,237(1-2):1-25.
KLOOTWIJK C T,GEE J S,PEIRCE J W,SMITH G M.1991.Constrain on the India-Asia convergence:Paleomagnetic results from Ninetyeast Ridge[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program:Scientific Results,121:777-881.
LE PICHON X,FOURNIER M,JOLIVET J.1992.Kinematics,topography,shortening and extrusion in the India-Asia collision[J].Tectonics,11(6):1085-1098.
LEE T Y,LAWVER L A.1995.Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia[J].Tectonophysics,251(1-4):85-138.
LEECH M L,SINGH T S,JAIN A K,KLEMPERER S L,MANICKAVASAGAM R M.2005.The onset of India-Asia continental collision:Early,steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,234(1):83-97.
LELOUP P H,LACASSIN R,TAPPONNIER P,SCH?RER U,ZHONG D L,LIU X H,ZHANG L S,JI S C,TRONG TRINHP.1995.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,251:3-84.
LI S,ADVOKAAT E L,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,KOYMANSM,DENG C,ZHU R.2017.Paleomagnetic constraints on the Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleolatitudinal and rotational history of Indochina and South China:Review and updated kinematic reconstruction[J].Earth-Science Reviews,171:58-77.
LI Y L,WANG C S,DAI J G,XU G Q,HOU Y L,LI X H.2015.Cretaceous volcanic rocks in south Qiangtang Terrane:Products of northward subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean?[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,104:69-83.
LI Yong-an,LI Qiang,ZHANG Hui,SUN Dong-jiang,CAOYun-dong,WU Shao-zu.1995.Palaeomagnetic study of Tarim and its adjacent area as well as the formation and evolution of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,13(4):293-376(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Z Y,DING L,LIPPERT P C,SONG P P,YUE Y H,VANHINSBERGEN D J J.2016.Paleomagnetic constraints on the Mesozoic drift of the Lhasa terrane(Tibet)from Gondwana to Eurasia[J].Geology,44(9):727-730.
LI Z Y,DING L,SONG P P,FU J J,YUE Y H.2017.Paleomagnetic constraints on the paleolatitude of the Lhasa block during the Early Cretaceous:Implications for the onset of India-Asia collision and latitudinal shortening estimates across Tibet and stable Asia[J].Gondwana Research,41:352-372.
LIANG Ya-lun,HUANG Bao-chun,YI Zhi-yu,ZHANG Ye,YANYong-gang,ZHANG Dong-hai.2017.Reconnaissance of pre-collisional paleolatitudes of the southern margin of Eurasia:New paleomagnetic results from Upper Cretaceous red beds in the Linzhou basin,Tibet[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(5):1811-1824(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIEBKE U,APPEL E,DING L,NEUMANN U,ANTOLIN B,XUQ.2010.Position of the Lhasa terrane prior to India-Asia collision derived from palaeomagnetic inclinations of 53 Ma old dykes of the Linzhou Basin:constraints on the age of collision and post‐collisional shortening within the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophysical Journal International,182(3):1199-1215.
LIN J,WATTS D R.1988a.Paleomagnetic results from the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series A),327:239-262.
LIN J,WATTS D R.1988b.Paleomagnetic constraints on Himalayan-Tibetan tectonic evolution[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series A),326:177-188.
LIPPERT P C,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,DUPONT-NIVET G.2014.The Early Cretaceous to present latitude of the central Lhasa-plano(Tibet):A paleomagnetic synthesis with implications for Cenozoic tectonics,paleogeography,and climate of Asia[A]//NIE J S,HOKE G D,HORTON BK.(Eds.),Towards an Improved Understanding of Uplift Mechanisms and the Elevation History of the Tibetan Plateau.Geological Society of America Special Paper 507.
LIPPERT P C,ZHAO X,COE R S,LO C.2010.Palaeomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of upper Palaeogene volcanic rocks from Central Tibet:implications for the Central Asia inclination anomaly,the palaeolatitude of Tibet and post-50Ma shortening within Asia[J].Geophysical Journal International,184(1):131-161.
LIU D L,HUANG Q S,FAN S Q,ZHANG L Y,SHI R D,DING L.2014.Subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean:constraints from granites in the Bangong Co area,Tibet[J].Geological Journal,49(2):188-206.
LYON-CAEN H,MOLNAR P.1983.Constraints on the evolution of the Himalaya from an analysis of gravity anomalies and a fluxural model of the lithosphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,88(B10):8171-8192.
MA Y,YANG T,BIAN W,JIN J,WANG Q,ZHANG S,WU H,LIH,CAO L,YUAN H,DING J.2017.Paleomagnetic and geochronologic results of latest Cretaceous lava flows from the Lhasa Terrane and their tectonic implications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,122(11):8786-8809.
MA Y,YANG T,BIAN W,JIN J,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H.2016.Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic and geochronologic results from the Tethyan Himalaya:Insights into the Neotethyan paleogeography and the India-Asia collision[J].Scientific Report,6:21605.
MA Y,YANG T,YANG Z,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H,LI H,CHENW,ZHANG J,DING J.2014.Paleomagnetism and U-Pb zircon geochronology of Lower Cretaceous lava flows from the western Lhasa terrane:New constraints on the India-Asia collision process and intracontinental deformation within Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(10):7404-7424.
MENG J,WANG C,ZHAO X,COE R,LI Y,FINN D.2012.India-Asia collision was at 24°N and 50 Ma:palaeomagnetic proof from southernmost Asia[J].Scientific Reports,2(2):925.
MENG J,ZHAO X,WANG C,LIU H,LI Y,HAN Z,LIU T,WANG M.2017.Palaeomagnetism and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Cretaceous redbeds from central Tibet and tectonic implications[J].Geological Journal,53(5):2315-2333.
METCALFE I.2006.Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments:The Korean Peninsula in context[J].Gondwana Research,9(1):24-46.
METCALFE I.2013.Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion:Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,66:1-33.
MO Xuan-xue,ZHAO Zhi-dan,DENG Jin-fu,DONG Guo-chen,ZHOU Su,GUO Tie-ying,ZHANG Shuang-quan,WANGLiang-liang.2003.Response of volcanism to the India-Asia collision[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
MO Xuan-xue,ZHAO Zhi-dan,ZHOU Su,DONG Guo-chen,LIAO Zhong-li.2007.On the timing of India-Asia continental collision[J].Geological Bulletin of China,26(10):1240-1244(in Chinese with English abstract).
MURPHY M A,YI A,GARRISON TM,DURR S B,CHEN Z,RYERSON F J,KIDD W S F,WANG X,ZHOU X.1997.Did the Indo-Asian collision alone create the Tibetan plateau?[J].Geology,25:719-722.
OTOFUJI Y,FUNAHARA S,MATSUO J,MURATA F,NISHIYAMA T,ZHENG X,YASKAWA K.1989.Paleomagnetic study of western Tibet:deformation of a narrow zone along the Indus Zangbo suture between India and Asia[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,92(3-4):307-316.
OTOFUJI Y,INOUE Y,FUNAHARA S,MURATA F,ZHENG X.1990.Palaeomagnetic study of eastern Tibet-deformation of the Three Rivers region[J].Geophysical Journal International,103(1):85-94.
OTOFUJI Y,KADO J,FUNAHARA S,MURATA F,ZHENG X.1991.Paleomagnetic study of the Eocene Quxu pluton of the Gangdese Belt:Crustal deformation along the Indus-Zangbo suture zone in southern Tibet[J].Earth and Planetary Letters,107:369-379.
OTOFUJI Y,MU C L,TANAKA K,MIURA D,INOKUCHI H,KAMEI R,TAMAI M,TAKEMOTO K,ZAMAN H,YOKOYAMA M.2007.Spatial gap between Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks inferred from Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous paleomagnetic data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,262(3):581-593.
PATRIAT P,ACHACHE J.1984.India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates[J].Nature,311(5987):615-621.
PATZELT A,LI H,WANG J,APPEL E.1996.Palaeomagnetism of Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments from southern Tibet:evidence for the extent of the northern margin of India prior to the collision with Eurasia[J].Tectonophysics,259(4):259-284.
POZZI J P,WESTPHAL M,ZHOU Y,XING L,CHEN X.1982.Position of the Lhasa block,South Tibet,during the late Cretaceous[J].Nature,297:319-321.
RAN B,DENG B,WANG C,ZHAO X,LI Y,ZHANG Y,MENG J,HE M,ZHU L,CHRISTOPHER X.2017.Kinematics of the crust around the Tanggula Shan in North-Central Tibet:Constraints from paleomagnetic data[J].Gondwana Research,48:124-133.
RAN B,WANG C,ZHAO X,LI Y,MENG J,CAO K,WANG P.2012.Dimension of Greater India in the early Mesozoic:Paleomagnetic constraints from Triassic sediments in the Tethyan Himalaya[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,53(2):15-24.
REN Hai-dong,YAN Mao-du,MENG Qing-quan,SONG Chun-hui,FANG Xiao-min.2013.“E/I”corrected paleomagnetic inclination indicates 1000 km N-S shorting of the Qiangtang terrane since the Middle Jurassic[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,48(2):543-556(in Chinese with English abstract).
ROGER F,ARNAUD N,GILDER S,TAPPONNIER P,JOLIVETM,BRUNEL M,MALAVIEILLE J,XU Z,YANG J.2003.Geochronological and geochemical constraints on Mesozoic suturing in east central Tibet[J].Tectonics,22(4):1037.
SATO K,LIU Y Y,WANG Y B,YOKOYAMA M,YOSHIOKA S,YANG Z,OTOFUJI Y L.2007.Paleomagnetic study of Cretaceous rocks from Pu'er,western Yunnan,China:evidence of internal deformation of the Indochina block[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,258(1-2):1-15.
SATO K,LIU Y Y,ZHU Z C,YANG Z Y,OTOFUJI Y.2001.Tertiary paleomagnetic data from northwestern Yunnan,China:further evidence for large clockwise rotationof the Indochina Block and its tectonic implications[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,185:185-198.
SCHILL E,CROUZET C,GAUTAM P,SINGH V K,APPEL E.2002.Where did rotational shortening occur in the Himalayas?Inferences from palaeomagnetic remagnetisations[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,203(1):45-57.
SHI X,YIN J,JIA C.1996.Mesozoic to Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in the Northern Himalayas,Southern Tibet,China[J].Newsletters on Stratigraphy,33(1):15-61.
SONG Chun-yan,WANG Jian,FU Xiu-gen,FENG Xing-lei,CHEN Ming,HE Li.2012.Late Triassic paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang terrane of Tibetan Plateau and their tectonic significances[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),42(2):526-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
SONG P P,DING L,LI Z Y,LIPPERT P C,YANG T S,ZHAO X X,FU J J,YUE Y H.2015.Late Triassic paleolatitude of the Qiangtang block:Implications for the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,424:69-83.
SONG P P,DING L,LIPPERT P C,LI Z Y.2017.Late Triassic closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Central Tibet implied by paleomagnetism of Middle Triassic lavas from the Qiantang block[C]//Abstract[GP51A-0783]presented at 2017 Fall Meeting,AGU,New Orleans,LA,11-15 Dec.
SUN Z,JIANG W,LI H,PEI J,ZHU Z.2010.New paleomagnetic results of Paleocene volcanic rocks from the Lhasa block:tectonic implications for the collision of India and Asia[J].Tectonophysics,409(3-4):257-266.
SUN Z,PEI J,LI H,XU W,JIANG W,ZHU Z,WANG X,YANGZ.2012.Palaeomagnetism of late cretaceous sediments from southern Tibet:evidence for the consistent palaeolatitudes of the southern margin of Eurasia prior to the collision with India[J].Gondwana Research,21(1):53-63.
SUN Zhi-ming,JIANG Wan,PEI Jun-ling,LI Hai-bing.2008.New Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from volcanic of the eastern Lhasa Block and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(7):1621-1626(in Chinese with English abstract).
TAN X,KODAM K P,CHEN H L,FANG D J,SUN D J,LI Y A.2003.Paleomagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of Cretaceous red beds from the Tarim Basin,northwest China:Evidence for a rock magnetic cause of anomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations from central Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B2):2107.
TAN X,STUART G,KENNETH P,JIANG W,HAN Y,ZHANG H,XU H,ZHOU D.2010.New paleomagnetic results from the Lhasa block:Revised estimation of latitudinal shortening across Tibet and implications for dating the India-Asia collision[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,293(3-4):396-404.
TANG Xiang-de,HUANG Bao-chun,YANG Lie-kun,YI Zhi-yu,QIAO Qing-qing,CHEN Li-wei.2013.Paleomagnetism and Ar-Ar geochronology of Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the middle Lhasa terrane,China and tectonic implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(1):136-149(in Chinese with English abstract).
TAPPONNIER P,LACASSIN R,LELOUP P H,SCH?RER U,DALAI Z,WU H W,LIU X H,JI S C,ZHANG L S,ZHONGJ Y.1990.The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt:Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China[J].Nature,342(6257):431-437.
TAUXE L,KENT D V.2004.A simplified statistical model for the geomagnetic field and the detection of shallow bias in paleomagnetic inclinations:was the ancient magnetic field dipolar?[A]//CHANNELL J E T,KENT D V,LOWRIE W,MEERTJ M.(Eds.).Timescales of the Paleomagnetic Field Geophysical Monograph Series 145.Washington,D.C:American Geophysical Union:101-115.
The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Chinese Academy of Sciences.2000.The geological formation and evolution of the Karakorum and Kunlun Mountains[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,PEI J L,WANG H,XU Y C,PU Z W.2017.Paleomagnetism of the Upper Cretaceous red-beds from the eastern edge of the Lhasa Terrane:New constraints on the onset of the India-Eurasia collision and latitudinal crustal shortening in southern Eurasia[J].Gondwana Research,48:86-100.
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,WANG H,GAO L,AN C Z,ZHANG X D,XU Y C.2015.The Cenozoic rotational extrusion of the Chuan Dian Fragment:New paleomagnetic results from Paleogene red-beds on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonophysics,658:46-60.
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,ZHENG L D,XU Y L,WANG H,GAO L,HU X Z.2013.Internal crustal deformation in the northern part of Shan-Thai Block:New evidence from paleomagnetic results of Cretaceous and Paleogene redbeds[J].Tectonophysics,608:1138-1158.
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,ZHENG L D,YANG T S,SHI L F,SUN ZM,PEI J L.2008.Early Paleocene paleomagnetic results from southern Tibet,and tectonic implications[J].International Geology Review,50(6):546-562.
TORSVIK T H,VOO R V D,PREEDEN U,NIOCAILL C M,STEINBERGER B,DOUBROVINE P V,VANHINSBERGEN D J J,DOMEIER M,GAINA C,TOHVER E,MEERT J G,MCCAUSLAND P J A,COCKS L R M.2012.Phanerozoic polar wander,palaeogeography and dynamics[J].Earth-Science Reviews,114(3-4):325-368.
VAN DER MEER D G,ZEEBE R E,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,SLUIJS A,SPAKMAN W,TORSVIK T H.2014.Plate tectonic controls on atmospheric CO2 levels since the Triassic[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,111:4380-4385.
VAN DER VOO R.1990.The reliability of paleomagnetic data[J].Tectonophysics,184(1):1-9.
VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,KAPP P,DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P C,DECELLES P G,TORSVIK T H.2011.Restoration of Cenozoic deformation in Asia and the size of Greater India[J].Tectonics,30(5):TC5003.
VOLKMER J E,KAPP P,GUYNN J H,LAI Q.2007.Cretaceous-Tertiary structural evolution of the north central Lhasa terrane,Tibet[J].Tectonics,26(6):TC6007.
VOLKMER J E,KAPP P,HORTON B K,GEHRELS G E,MINERVINI J M,DING L.2014.Northern Lhasa thrust belt of central Tibet:Evidence of Cretaceous-early Cenozoic shortening within a passive roof thrust system?[A]//NIE J,HORTON B K,HOKE G D.eds.,Toward an Improved Understanding of Uplift Mechanisms and the Elevation History of the Tibetan Plateau.Geological Society of America Special Paper,507:59-70.
WANG C S,DAI J G,ZHAO X X,LI Y L,GRAHAM S A,HE D F,RAN B,MENG J.2014.Outward-growth of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic:A review[J].Tectonophysics,621:1-43.
WESTPHAL M,POZZI J P,ZHOU Y,XING L,CHEN X.1983.Paleomagnetic data about southern Tibet(Xizang)-I.The Cretacous formation of the Lhsa Block[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,73(2):507-521.
WESTPHAL M,POZZI J P.1984.Paleomagnetic and plate tectonic constraints on the movement of Tibet[J].Tectonophysics,98(1):1-10.
WILLEMS H,ZHOU Z,ZHANG B,GRAFE K-U.1996.Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet(Tingri area,China)[J].Geologische Rundschau,85:723-754.
XU R H,SCH?RER U,ALLèGRE C J.1985.Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa block(Tibet):a geochronological study[J].Journal of Geology,93(1):41-57.
XU Zhi-qin,ZHAO Zhong-bao,PENG Miao,MA Xu-xuan,LIHua-qi,ZHAO Jun-meng.2016.Review of“orogenic plateau”[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,32(12):3557-3571(in Chinese with English abstract).
YAN M D,ZHANG D W,FANG X M,REN H D,ZHANG W L,ZAN J B,SONG C H,ZHANG T.2016.Paleomagnetic data bearing on the Mesozoic deformation of the Qiangtang Block:Implications for the evolution of the Paleo-and Meso-Tethys[J].Gondwana Research,39:292-316.
YANG T,MA Y,BIAN W,JIN J,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H,YANGZ,DING J.2015b.Paleomagnetic results from the Early Cretaceous Lakang Formation lavas:Constraints on the paleolatitude of the Tethyan Himalaya and the India-Asia collision[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,428:120-133.
YANG T,MA Y,ZHANG S,BIAN W,YANG Z,WU H,LI H,CHEN W,DING J.2015a.New insights into the India-Asia collision process from Cretaceous paleomagnetic and geochronologic results in the Lhasa terrane[J].Gondwana Research,28(2):625-641.
YANG Z,BESSE J.1993.Paleomagnetic study on Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from North Thailand supports the extrusion model for Indochina[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,117(3-4):525-552.
YANG Z,SUN Z,MA X,YIN I,OTOFUJI Y.2001.The extrusion of Indochina during the India-Eurasia collision:early Tertiary paleomagnetic constraints[J].Gandwana Research,4(4):843.
YI Z,HUANG B,CHEN J.2011.Paleomagnetism of early Paleogene marine sediments in southern Tibet,China:Implications to onset of the India-Asia collision and size of Greater India[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,309(1):153-165.
YI Z,HUANG B,YANG L,TANG X,YAN Y,QIAO Q,ZHAO J,CHEN L.2015.A quasi-linear structure of the southern margin of Eurasia prior to the India-Asia collision:First paleomagnetic constraints from Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks near the western syntaxis of Tibet[J].Tectonics,34(7):1431-1451.
YIE X,LI J.1987.Palaeomagnetism and evolution of Tibet Plates and Tethys[J].Journal of Chengdu College of Geology,14(1):65-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
YIN A,HARRISON T M.2000.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,28:211-280.
YOSHIOKA S,LIU Y,SATO K,INOKUCHIC H,SU L,ZAMANA H,OTOFUJIA Y.2003.Paleomagnetic evidence for post-Cretaceous internal deformation of the Chuan Dan Fragment in the Yangtze Block:A consequence of indentation of India into Asia[J].Tectonophysics,376(1):61-74.
ZHANG Bo-xing,LI Yong-xiang,HU Xiu-mian.2017.Paleomagnetic results from Jurassic-Cretaceous strata in the Chuangde area of southern Tibet constrain the nature and timing of the India-Asia collision system[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,62(4):298-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG L Y,DING L,PULLEN A,XU Q,LIU D L,CAI F L,YUE Y H,LAI Q Z,SHI R D,DUCEA M N,KAPP P,CHAPMAN A.2014.Age and geochemistry of western Hoh-Xil-Songpan-Ganzi granitoids,northern Tibet:Implications for the Mesozoic closure of the Paleo-Tethys ocean[J].Lithos,190-191:328-348.
ZHOU Y N,CHENG X,YU L,YANG X F,SU H L,PENG X M,XUE Y K,LI Y Y,YE Y K,ZHANG J,LI Y Y,WU H N.2016.Paleomagnetic study on the Triassic rocks from the Lhasa Terrane,Tibet,and its paleogeographic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,121:108-119.
ZHU D C,LI S M,CAWOOD P A,WANG Q,ZHAO Z D,LIU S A,WANG L Q.2016.Assembly of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes in central Tibet by divergent double subduction[J].Lithos,245:7-17.
ZHU Xiang-yuan,LIU Chun,YE Su-juan,LIN Jin-lu.1977.Remanence of red beds from Linzhou,Xizang and the northward movement of the Indian Plate[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,12(1):44-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHU Zhi-wen,TENG Ji-wen.1980.The paleomagnetic evidence for small blocks of the Indian Plate drifting towards the north and colliding with Eurasian Plate after the Gondwanaland disintegrated[A]//Chinese Academy of Geological Science and Centre of Scientific Research for French.Sino-French Cooperative investigation in Himalayas.Beijing:Geological Publishing House:17-24(in Chinese).
ZHU Zhi-wen,ZHU Xiang-yuan,ZHANG Yi-ming.1981.Palaeomagnetic observation in Xizang and continental drift[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,24(1):40-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHU Zhi-wen.1985.Comparative significance of apparent polar wander path of Xizang and its adjacent regions since Phanerozoic[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,28(z1):219-225(in Chinese with English abstract).
程鑫,吴汉宁,刁宗宝,王海军,张晓东,马轮,周亚楠,康伟伟,计文化,李荣社,陈守建,赵振明.2012.羌北地块中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果[J].地球物理学报,55(10):3399-3409.
程鑫,周亚楠,郭强,侯宝宁,吴汉宁.2015.青藏高原拉萨地块西段三叠纪古地磁结果及其构造意义[J].地质通报,34(Z1):306-317.
董学斌,王忠民,谭承泽,杨惠心,程立人,周姚秀.1991.青藏高原古地磁研究新结果[J].地质论评,37(2):160-164.
董学斌,王忠民,谭承泽,杨惠心,程立人,周烑秀.1990.亚东-格尔木地学断面古地磁新数据与青藏高原地体演化模式的初步研究[J].中国地质科学院院报,21:139-148.
董学斌,杨惠心,程立人,李鹏武.1992.青藏高原风火山砂岩的磁性特征及其意义[J].长春地质学院学报,22(3):330-335.
李永安,李强,张慧,孙东江,曹运动,吴绍祖.1995.塔里木及其周边古地磁研究与盆地形成演化[J].新疆地质,13(4):293-376.
梁雅伦,黄宝春,易治宇,张也,闫永刚,张东海.2017.印欧大陆碰撞前亚洲大陆南缘古位置再研究:林周盆地上白垩统红层的古地磁新结果[J].地球物理学报,60(5):1811-1824.
莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,董国臣,周肃,郭铁鹰,张双全,王亮亮.2003.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应[J].地学前缘,10(3):135-148.
莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,董国臣,廖忠礼.2007.印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的时限[J].地质通报,26(10):1240-1244.
任海东,颜茂都,孟庆泉,宋春晖,方小敏.2013.羌塘盆地磁倾角浅化校正及其在构造上的应用--中侏罗纪以来约1000km的南北向缩短[J].地质科学,48(2):543-556.
宋春彦,王剑,付修根,冯兴雷,陈明,何利.2012.青藏高原羌塘盆地晚三叠世古地磁数据及其构造意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(2):526-535.
孙知明,江万,裴军令,李海兵.2008.青藏高原拉萨地块早白垩纪火山岩古地磁结果及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,24(7):1621-1626.
唐祥德,黄宝春,杨列坤,易治宇,乔庆庆,陈力为.2013.拉萨地块中部晚白垩世火山岩Ar-Ar年代学和古地磁研究结果及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,56(1):136-149.
许志琴,赵中宝,彭淼,马绪宣,李化启,赵俊猛.2016.论“造山的高原”[J].岩石学报,32(12):3557-3571.
叶祥华,李家福.1987.古地磁与西藏板块及特提斯演化[J].成都地质学院学报,14(1):65-79.
张波兴,李永祥,胡修棉.2017.藏南床得剖面古地磁结果对印度-亚洲碰撞方式的约束[J].科学通报,62(4):298-311.
中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.2000.喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区地质演化[M].北京:科学出版社.
朱湘元,刘椿,叶素娟,林金录.1977.西藏林周地区红层的天然剩余磁性和印度洋板块的北向移动[J].地质科学,12(1):44-51.
朱志文,滕吉文.1980.冈瓦纳大陆解体后印度板块分块北移并与欧亚板块碰撞的古地磁证据[A]//中国地质科学院和法国科学研究中心,编(eds.).中法喜马拉雅考察成果.北京:地质出版社:17-24.
朱志文,朱湘元,张一鸣.1981.西藏高原古地磁及大陆漂移[J].地球物理学报,24(1):40-49.
朱志文.1985.西藏高原及其邻区显生宙以来的古地磁极移曲线的对比意义[J].地球物理学报,28(z1):219-225.
ACHACHE J,COURRILOT V,ZHOU Y X.1984.Paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of southern Tibet since Middle Cretaceous time:New paleomagnetic data and synthesis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,89(10):311-339.
AITCHISON J C,ALI J R,DAVIS A M.2007.When and where did India and Asia collide?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,112:B05423.
APPEL E,MüLLER R,WIDDER R W.1991.Palaeomagnetic results from the Tibetan sedimentary series of the Manang area(north central Nepal)[J].Geophysical Journal International,104:255-266.
BESSE J,COURTILLOT V,POZZI J P,WESTPHAL M,ZHOU Y.1984.Palaeomagnetic estimates of crustal shortening in the Himalayan thrusts and Zangpo suture[J].Nature,311:621-626.
BIAN W,YANG T,MA Y,JIN J,GAO F,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H.2017.New Early Cretaceous palaeomagnetic and geochronological results from the far western Lhasa terrane:Contributions to the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision[J].Scientific Reports,7:16216.
CAO Y,SUN Z M,LI H B,PEI J L,JIANG W,ZHAO L S,WANHL Z,LI C L,YE X Z,ZHANG L.2017.New Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from volcanic rocks and red beds from the Lhasa terrane and its implications for the paleolatitude of the southern margin of Asia prior to the collision with India[J].Gondwana Research,41:337-351.
CAO Y,SUN Z M,LI H B,PEI J L,LIU D L,ZHANG L,YE X Z,ZHENG Y,HE X L,GE C L,JIANG W.2018.New paleomagnetic results from Middle Jurassic limestones of the Qiangtang terrane,Tibet:Constraints on the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean[J].Tectonics(in press).
CAO Yong,SUN Zhi-ming,LIU Dong-liang,ZHANG Lei,YEXiao-zhou,ZHENG Yong,HE Xiang-li.2017.Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic results in the Nyima area from the northern margin of the Lhasa block and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,33(12):3989-3998(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN J,HUANG B,SUN L.2010.New constraints to the onset of the India-Asia collision:Paleomagnetic reconnaissance on the Linzizong Group in the Lhasa Block,China[J].Tectonophysics,489:189-209.
CHEN J,HUANG B,YI Z,YANG L,CHEN L.2014.Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological results from the Linzizong Group,Linzhou Basin,Lhasa Terrane,Tibet:Implications to Paleogene paleolatitude and onset of the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,96:162-177.
CHEN W,YANG T,ZHANG S,YANG Z,LI H,WU H,ZHANG J,MA Y,CAI F.2012.Paleomagnetic results from the early cretaceous zenong group volcanic rocks,Cuoqi,Tibet,and their paleogeographic implications[J].Gondwana Research,22:461-469.
CHEN W,ZHANG S,DING J,ZHANG J,ZHAO X,ZHU L,YANG W,YANG T,LI H,WU H.2017.Combined paleomagnetic and geochronological study on Cretaceous strata of the Qiangtang terrane,central Tibet[J].Gondwana Research,41:93-109.
CHEN Y,COGNE J P,COURTILLOT V,TAPPONNIER P,ZHOUY.1993.Cretaceous paleomagnetic results from western Tibet and tectonic implications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,98:17981-17999.
CHEN Z,BURCHFIEL B C,LIU Y,KING R W,ROYDEN L H,TANG W,WANG E,ZHAO J,ZHANG X.2000.Global positioning system measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105:16215-16227.
CHENG X,WU H,GUO Q,HOU B,XIA L,WANG H,DIAO Z,HOU F,JI W,LI R,CHEN S,ZHAO Z,LIU X.2012.Paleomagnetic results of Late Paleozoic rocks from northern Qiangtang Block in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Science China Earth Science,55(1):67-75.
CHENG Xin,WU Han-ning,DIAO Bao-gui,WANG Hai-jun,ZHANG Xiao-dong,MA Lun,ZHOU Ya-nan,KANG Wei-wei,JI Wen-hua,LI Rong-she,CHEN Shou-jian,ZHAOZhen-ming.2012.New paleomagnetic result of the Middle-Late Jurassic rocks from the northern Qiangtang Block,west China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(10):3399-3409(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHENG Xin,ZHOU Ya-nan,GUO Qiang,HOU Bao-ning,WUHan-ning.2015.Paleomagnetism of Triassic rocks in the western Lhasa terrane,Tibetan Plateau,and its tectonic implications[J].Geological Bulletin of China,34(2-3):306-317(in Chinese with English abstract).
COGNéJ P,BESSE J,CHEN Y,HANKARD F.2013.A new Late Cretaceous to Present APWP for Asia and its implications for paleomagnetic shallow inclinations in Central Asia and Cenozoic Eurasian plate deformation[J].Geophysical Journal International,192(3):1000-1024.
COGNéJ P,HALIM N,CHEN Y,COURTILLOT V.1999.Resolving the problem of shallow magnetizations of Tertiary age in Asia:insights from paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang,Kunlun,and Qaidam blocks(Tibet,China),and a new hypothesis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,104(B8):17715-17734.
COPLEY A,AVOUAC J P,ROYER J Y.2010.The India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of the Indian plate:implications for the forces driving plate motions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,115:B03410.
CROUZET C,GAUTAM P,SCHILL E,APPEL E.2003.Multicomponent magnetization in western Dolpo(Tethyan Himalaya,Nepal):tectonic implications[J].Tectonophysics,377(1-2):179-196.
DEWEY J F,CANDE S,PITMAN W C.1989.Tectonic evolution of the India-Eurasia collision zone[J].Eclogae Geologica Helvetiae,82(3):717-734.
DEWEY J F,SHACKLETON R M,CHANG C F,SUN Y.1988.The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,327(1594):379-413.
DING J,ZHANG S,CHEN W,ZHANG J,YANG T,JIANG G,ZHANG K,LI H,WU H.2015.Paleomagnetism of the Oligocene Kangtuo Formation Red Beds(Central Tibet):Inclination Shallowing and Tectonic Implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,104(1):55-68.
DING L,KAPP P,WAN X Q.2005.Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India-Asia collision,south central Tibet[J].Tectonics,24(3):TC3001.
DING L,XU Q,YUE Y,WANG H,CAI F,LI S.2014.The Andean-type Gangdese Mountains:Paleoelevation record from the Paleocene-Eocene Linzhou Basin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,392:250-264.
DONG Xue-bin,WANG Zhong-min,TAN Cheng-ze,YANGHui-xin,CHENG Li-ren,ZHOU Yao-xiu.1990.New paleomagnetic results from Yadong-Golmud geoscience transect and a preliminary study on the model of terranes evolution in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,21(2):139-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Xue-bin,WANG Zhong-ming,TAN Cheng-ze,YANGHui-xin,CHENG Li-ren,ZHOU Yao-xiu.1991.New results of Paleomagnetic studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geological Review,37(2):160-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
DONG Xue-bin,YANG Hui-xin,CHENG Li-ren,LI Peng-wu.1992.The magnetic properties of Cretaceous violet sandstones on Fenghuo Mountains region in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its significance[J].Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences,22(3):330-335(in Chinese with English abstract).
DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P C,HINSBERGEN D,MEIJERSM,KAPP P.2010.Palaeolatitude and age of the Indo-Asia collision:palaeomagnetic constraints[J].Geophysical Journal International,182(3):1189-1198.
FAN J J,LI C,XIE C M,WANG M,CHEN J W.2015.The evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Neo-Tethys ocean:Evidence from zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses of Early Cretaceous oceanic islands and ophiolites[J].Tectonophysics,655:27-40.
FAN J J,LI C,XIE C M,WANG M.2014.Petrology,geochemistry,and geochronology of the Zhonggang ocean island,northern Tibet:implications for the evolution of the Banggongco-Nujiang oceanic arm of the Neo-Tethys[J].International Geology Review,56(12):1504-1520.
GAETANI M,GARZANTI E.1991.Multicyclic history of the northern India continental margin(northwestern Himalaya)[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,75(9):1427-1446.
GAN W,ZHANG P,SHEN Z K,NIU Z,WANG M,WAN Y,ZHOU D,CHENG J.2007.Present day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,112:B08416.
GREEN O R,SEARLE M P,CORFIELD R I,CORFIELD R M.2008.Cretaceoustertiary carbonate platform evolution and the age of the India-Asia collision along the Ladakh Himalaya(Northwest India)[J].Journal of Geology,116(4):331-353.
GUILLOT S,GARZANTI E,BARATOUX D,MARQUER D,MAHéO G,DE SIGOYER J.2003.Reconstructing the total shortening history of the NW Himalaya[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,4(7):1064.
GUILLOT S,MAHéO G,DE SIGOYER J,HATTORI K H,PéCHER A.2008.Tethyan and Indian subduction viewed from the Himalayan high to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks[J].Tectonophysics,451(1):225-241.
GUILLOT S,REPLUMAZ A,HATTORI K H,STRZERZYNSKI P.2007.Initial geometry of western Himalaya and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic evolution[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,30(3):557-564.
GUYNN J,KAPP P,PULLEN A,HEIZLER M,GEHRELS G,DING L.2006.Tibetan basement rocks near Amdo reveal“missing”Mesozoic tectonism along the Bangong suture,central Tibet[J].Geology,34(6):505-508.
GUYNN J,TROPPER P,KAPP P,GEHRELS G.2013.Metamorphism of the Amdo metamorphic complex,Tibet:implications for the Jurassic tectonic evolution of the Bangong suture zone[J].Journal of Metamorphic Geology,31(7):705-727.
HAINES S S,KLEMPERER S L,BROWN L,GUO J,MECHIE J,MEISSNER R,ROSS A,ZHAO W.2003.INDEPTH III seismic data:From surface observations to deep crustal processes in Tibet[J].Tectonics,22(1):1001.
HALIM N,COGNéJ P,CHEN Y,ATASIEI R,BESSE J,COURTILLOT V,GILDER S,MARCOUS J,ZHAO R L.1998.New Cretaceous and Early Tertiary paleomagnetic results from Xining‐Lanzhou basin,Kunlun and Qiangtang blocks,China:Implications on the geodynamic evolution of Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,103(B9):21025-21045.
HARRISON T M,YIN A,GROVE M,LOVERA O M,RYERSONF J,ZHOU X.2000.The Zedong Window:A record of superposed Tertiary convergence in southeastern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,105(B8):19211-19230.
HUANG K N,OPDYKE N D,LI J G,PENG X.1992.Paleomagnetism of cretaceous rocks from eastern Qiangtang terrane of Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,97(B2):1789-1799.
HUANG W,DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P,VANHINSBERGEN D,HALLOT E.2013.Inclination shallowing in Eocene Linzizong sedimentary rocks from Southern Tibet:correction,possible causes and implications for reconstructing the India-Asia collision[J].Geophysical Journal International,194(3):1390-1411.
HUANG W,LIPPERT P C,JACKSON M J,DEKKERS M J,ZHANG Y,LI J,GUO Z,KAPP P,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J.2017a.Remagnetization of the Paleogene Tibetan Himalayan carbonate rocks in the Gamba area:Implications for reconstructing the lower plate in the India-Asia collision[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,122(2):808-825.
HUANG W,LIPPERT P C,ZHANG Y,JACKSON M J,DEKKERS M J,LI J,HU X,ZHANG B,GUO Z,VANHINSBERGEN D J J.2017b.Remagnetization of carbonate rocks in southern Tibet:Perspectives from rock magnetic and petrographic investigations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,122(4):2434-2456.
HUANG W,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,DEKKERS M J,GARZANTI E,DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P,LI X,MAFFIONE M,LANGEREIS C G,HU X M,GUO Z J,KAPPP.2015.Paleolatitudes of the Tibetan Himalaya from primary and secondary magnetizations of Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,16(1):77-100.
KAPP P,DECELLES P G,GEHRELS G E,HEIZLER M,DING L.2007.Geological records of the Lhasa-Qiangtang and Indo-Asian collisions in the Nima area of central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,119(7-8):917-933.
KAPP P,YIN A,HARRISON T M,DING L.2005.Cretaceous-Tertiary shortening,basin development,and volcanism in central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(7):865-878.
KLOOTWIJK C T,BINGHAM D K.1980.The extent of Greater India:III.Palaeomagnetic data from the Tibetan series,Thakkhola region,Nepal Himalaya[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,51(2):381-405.
KLOOTWIJK C T,CONAGHAN P J,NAZIRULLAH R,DEJONGK A.1994.Further paleomagnetic data from Chitral(Eastern Hindukush):evidence for an early India-Asian contact[J].Tectonophysics,237(1-2):1-25.
KLOOTWIJK C T,GEE J S,PEIRCE J W,SMITH G M.1991.Constrain on the India-Asia convergence:Paleomagnetic results from Ninetyeast Ridge[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program:Scientific Results,121:777-881.
LE PICHON X,FOURNIER M,JOLIVET J.1992.Kinematics,topography,shortening and extrusion in the India-Asia collision[J].Tectonics,11(6):1085-1098.
LEE T Y,LAWVER L A.1995.Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia[J].Tectonophysics,251(1-4):85-138.
LEECH M L,SINGH T S,JAIN A K,KLEMPERER S L,MANICKAVASAGAM R M.2005.The onset of India-Asia continental collision:Early,steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,234(1):83-97.
LELOUP P H,LACASSIN R,TAPPONNIER P,SCH?RER U,ZHONG D L,LIU X H,ZHANG L S,JI S C,TRONG TRINHP.1995.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,251:3-84.
LI S,ADVOKAAT E L,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,KOYMANSM,DENG C,ZHU R.2017.Paleomagnetic constraints on the Mesozoic-Cenozoic paleolatitudinal and rotational history of Indochina and South China:Review and updated kinematic reconstruction[J].Earth-Science Reviews,171:58-77.
LI Y L,WANG C S,DAI J G,XU G Q,HOU Y L,LI X H.2015.Cretaceous volcanic rocks in south Qiangtang Terrane:Products of northward subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean?[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,104:69-83.
LI Yong-an,LI Qiang,ZHANG Hui,SUN Dong-jiang,CAOYun-dong,WU Shao-zu.1995.Palaeomagnetic study of Tarim and its adjacent area as well as the formation and evolution of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,13(4):293-376(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Z Y,DING L,LIPPERT P C,SONG P P,YUE Y H,VANHINSBERGEN D J J.2016.Paleomagnetic constraints on the Mesozoic drift of the Lhasa terrane(Tibet)from Gondwana to Eurasia[J].Geology,44(9):727-730.
LI Z Y,DING L,SONG P P,FU J J,YUE Y H.2017.Paleomagnetic constraints on the paleolatitude of the Lhasa block during the Early Cretaceous:Implications for the onset of India-Asia collision and latitudinal shortening estimates across Tibet and stable Asia[J].Gondwana Research,41:352-372.
LIANG Ya-lun,HUANG Bao-chun,YI Zhi-yu,ZHANG Ye,YANYong-gang,ZHANG Dong-hai.2017.Reconnaissance of pre-collisional paleolatitudes of the southern margin of Eurasia:New paleomagnetic results from Upper Cretaceous red beds in the Linzhou basin,Tibet[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(5):1811-1824(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIEBKE U,APPEL E,DING L,NEUMANN U,ANTOLIN B,XUQ.2010.Position of the Lhasa terrane prior to India-Asia collision derived from palaeomagnetic inclinations of 53 Ma old dykes of the Linzhou Basin:constraints on the age of collision and post‐collisional shortening within the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophysical Journal International,182(3):1199-1215.
LIN J,WATTS D R.1988a.Paleomagnetic results from the Tibetan Plateau[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series A),327:239-262.
LIN J,WATTS D R.1988b.Paleomagnetic constraints on Himalayan-Tibetan tectonic evolution[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series A),326:177-188.
LIPPERT P C,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,DUPONT-NIVET G.2014.The Early Cretaceous to present latitude of the central Lhasa-plano(Tibet):A paleomagnetic synthesis with implications for Cenozoic tectonics,paleogeography,and climate of Asia[A]//NIE J S,HOKE G D,HORTON BK.(Eds.),Towards an Improved Understanding of Uplift Mechanisms and the Elevation History of the Tibetan Plateau.Geological Society of America Special Paper 507.
LIPPERT P C,ZHAO X,COE R S,LO C.2010.Palaeomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of upper Palaeogene volcanic rocks from Central Tibet:implications for the Central Asia inclination anomaly,the palaeolatitude of Tibet and post-50Ma shortening within Asia[J].Geophysical Journal International,184(1):131-161.
LIU D L,HUANG Q S,FAN S Q,ZHANG L Y,SHI R D,DING L.2014.Subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean:constraints from granites in the Bangong Co area,Tibet[J].Geological Journal,49(2):188-206.
LYON-CAEN H,MOLNAR P.1983.Constraints on the evolution of the Himalaya from an analysis of gravity anomalies and a fluxural model of the lithosphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,88(B10):8171-8192.
MA Y,YANG T,BIAN W,JIN J,WANG Q,ZHANG S,WU H,LIH,CAO L,YUAN H,DING J.2017.Paleomagnetic and geochronologic results of latest Cretaceous lava flows from the Lhasa Terrane and their tectonic implications[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,122(11):8786-8809.
MA Y,YANG T,BIAN W,JIN J,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H.2016.Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic and geochronologic results from the Tethyan Himalaya:Insights into the Neotethyan paleogeography and the India-Asia collision[J].Scientific Report,6:21605.
MA Y,YANG T,YANG Z,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H,LI H,CHENW,ZHANG J,DING J.2014.Paleomagnetism and U-Pb zircon geochronology of Lower Cretaceous lava flows from the western Lhasa terrane:New constraints on the India-Asia collision process and intracontinental deformation within Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(10):7404-7424.
MENG J,WANG C,ZHAO X,COE R,LI Y,FINN D.2012.India-Asia collision was at 24°N and 50 Ma:palaeomagnetic proof from southernmost Asia[J].Scientific Reports,2(2):925.
MENG J,ZHAO X,WANG C,LIU H,LI Y,HAN Z,LIU T,WANG M.2017.Palaeomagnetism and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Cretaceous redbeds from central Tibet and tectonic implications[J].Geological Journal,53(5):2315-2333.
METCALFE I.2006.Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments:The Korean Peninsula in context[J].Gondwana Research,9(1):24-46.
METCALFE I.2013.Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion:Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,66:1-33.
MO Xuan-xue,ZHAO Zhi-dan,DENG Jin-fu,DONG Guo-chen,ZHOU Su,GUO Tie-ying,ZHANG Shuang-quan,WANGLiang-liang.2003.Response of volcanism to the India-Asia collision[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(3):135-148(in Chinese with English abstract).
MO Xuan-xue,ZHAO Zhi-dan,ZHOU Su,DONG Guo-chen,LIAO Zhong-li.2007.On the timing of India-Asia continental collision[J].Geological Bulletin of China,26(10):1240-1244(in Chinese with English abstract).
MURPHY M A,YI A,GARRISON TM,DURR S B,CHEN Z,RYERSON F J,KIDD W S F,WANG X,ZHOU X.1997.Did the Indo-Asian collision alone create the Tibetan plateau?[J].Geology,25:719-722.
OTOFUJI Y,FUNAHARA S,MATSUO J,MURATA F,NISHIYAMA T,ZHENG X,YASKAWA K.1989.Paleomagnetic study of western Tibet:deformation of a narrow zone along the Indus Zangbo suture between India and Asia[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,92(3-4):307-316.
OTOFUJI Y,INOUE Y,FUNAHARA S,MURATA F,ZHENG X.1990.Palaeomagnetic study of eastern Tibet-deformation of the Three Rivers region[J].Geophysical Journal International,103(1):85-94.
OTOFUJI Y,KADO J,FUNAHARA S,MURATA F,ZHENG X.1991.Paleomagnetic study of the Eocene Quxu pluton of the Gangdese Belt:Crustal deformation along the Indus-Zangbo suture zone in southern Tibet[J].Earth and Planetary Letters,107:369-379.
OTOFUJI Y,MU C L,TANAKA K,MIURA D,INOKUCHI H,KAMEI R,TAMAI M,TAKEMOTO K,ZAMAN H,YOKOYAMA M.2007.Spatial gap between Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks inferred from Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous paleomagnetic data[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,262(3):581-593.
PATRIAT P,ACHACHE J.1984.India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates[J].Nature,311(5987):615-621.
PATZELT A,LI H,WANG J,APPEL E.1996.Palaeomagnetism of Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments from southern Tibet:evidence for the extent of the northern margin of India prior to the collision with Eurasia[J].Tectonophysics,259(4):259-284.
POZZI J P,WESTPHAL M,ZHOU Y,XING L,CHEN X.1982.Position of the Lhasa block,South Tibet,during the late Cretaceous[J].Nature,297:319-321.
RAN B,DENG B,WANG C,ZHAO X,LI Y,ZHANG Y,MENG J,HE M,ZHU L,CHRISTOPHER X.2017.Kinematics of the crust around the Tanggula Shan in North-Central Tibet:Constraints from paleomagnetic data[J].Gondwana Research,48:124-133.
RAN B,WANG C,ZHAO X,LI Y,MENG J,CAO K,WANG P.2012.Dimension of Greater India in the early Mesozoic:Paleomagnetic constraints from Triassic sediments in the Tethyan Himalaya[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,53(2):15-24.
REN Hai-dong,YAN Mao-du,MENG Qing-quan,SONG Chun-hui,FANG Xiao-min.2013.“E/I”corrected paleomagnetic inclination indicates 1000 km N-S shorting of the Qiangtang terrane since the Middle Jurassic[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,48(2):543-556(in Chinese with English abstract).
ROGER F,ARNAUD N,GILDER S,TAPPONNIER P,JOLIVETM,BRUNEL M,MALAVIEILLE J,XU Z,YANG J.2003.Geochronological and geochemical constraints on Mesozoic suturing in east central Tibet[J].Tectonics,22(4):1037.
SATO K,LIU Y Y,WANG Y B,YOKOYAMA M,YOSHIOKA S,YANG Z,OTOFUJI Y L.2007.Paleomagnetic study of Cretaceous rocks from Pu'er,western Yunnan,China:evidence of internal deformation of the Indochina block[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,258(1-2):1-15.
SATO K,LIU Y Y,ZHU Z C,YANG Z Y,OTOFUJI Y.2001.Tertiary paleomagnetic data from northwestern Yunnan,China:further evidence for large clockwise rotationof the Indochina Block and its tectonic implications[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,185:185-198.
SCHILL E,CROUZET C,GAUTAM P,SINGH V K,APPEL E.2002.Where did rotational shortening occur in the Himalayas?Inferences from palaeomagnetic remagnetisations[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,203(1):45-57.
SHI X,YIN J,JIA C.1996.Mesozoic to Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in the Northern Himalayas,Southern Tibet,China[J].Newsletters on Stratigraphy,33(1):15-61.
SONG Chun-yan,WANG Jian,FU Xiu-gen,FENG Xing-lei,CHEN Ming,HE Li.2012.Late Triassic paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang terrane of Tibetan Plateau and their tectonic significances[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),42(2):526-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
SONG P P,DING L,LI Z Y,LIPPERT P C,YANG T S,ZHAO X X,FU J J,YUE Y H.2015.Late Triassic paleolatitude of the Qiangtang block:Implications for the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,424:69-83.
SONG P P,DING L,LIPPERT P C,LI Z Y.2017.Late Triassic closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in Central Tibet implied by paleomagnetism of Middle Triassic lavas from the Qiantang block[C]//Abstract[GP51A-0783]presented at 2017 Fall Meeting,AGU,New Orleans,LA,11-15 Dec.
SUN Z,JIANG W,LI H,PEI J,ZHU Z.2010.New paleomagnetic results of Paleocene volcanic rocks from the Lhasa block:tectonic implications for the collision of India and Asia[J].Tectonophysics,409(3-4):257-266.
SUN Z,PEI J,LI H,XU W,JIANG W,ZHU Z,WANG X,YANGZ.2012.Palaeomagnetism of late cretaceous sediments from southern Tibet:evidence for the consistent palaeolatitudes of the southern margin of Eurasia prior to the collision with India[J].Gondwana Research,21(1):53-63.
SUN Zhi-ming,JIANG Wan,PEI Jun-ling,LI Hai-bing.2008.New Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from volcanic of the eastern Lhasa Block and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(7):1621-1626(in Chinese with English abstract).
TAN X,KODAM K P,CHEN H L,FANG D J,SUN D J,LI Y A.2003.Paleomagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of Cretaceous red beds from the Tarim Basin,northwest China:Evidence for a rock magnetic cause of anomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations from central Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B2):2107.
TAN X,STUART G,KENNETH P,JIANG W,HAN Y,ZHANG H,XU H,ZHOU D.2010.New paleomagnetic results from the Lhasa block:Revised estimation of latitudinal shortening across Tibet and implications for dating the India-Asia collision[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,293(3-4):396-404.
TANG Xiang-de,HUANG Bao-chun,YANG Lie-kun,YI Zhi-yu,QIAO Qing-qing,CHEN Li-wei.2013.Paleomagnetism and Ar-Ar geochronology of Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the middle Lhasa terrane,China and tectonic implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(1):136-149(in Chinese with English abstract).
TAPPONNIER P,LACASSIN R,LELOUP P H,SCH?RER U,DALAI Z,WU H W,LIU X H,JI S C,ZHANG L S,ZHONGJ Y.1990.The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt:Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China[J].Nature,342(6257):431-437.
TAUXE L,KENT D V.2004.A simplified statistical model for the geomagnetic field and the detection of shallow bias in paleomagnetic inclinations:was the ancient magnetic field dipolar?[A]//CHANNELL J E T,KENT D V,LOWRIE W,MEERTJ M.(Eds.).Timescales of the Paleomagnetic Field Geophysical Monograph Series 145.Washington,D.C:American Geophysical Union:101-115.
The Integrated Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Chinese Academy of Sciences.2000.The geological formation and evolution of the Karakorum and Kunlun Mountains[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,PEI J L,WANG H,XU Y C,PU Z W.2017.Paleomagnetism of the Upper Cretaceous red-beds from the eastern edge of the Lhasa Terrane:New constraints on the onset of the India-Eurasia collision and latitudinal crustal shortening in southern Eurasia[J].Gondwana Research,48:86-100.
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,WANG H,GAO L,AN C Z,ZHANG X D,XU Y C.2015.The Cenozoic rotational extrusion of the Chuan Dian Fragment:New paleomagnetic results from Paleogene red-beds on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonophysics,658:46-60.
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,ZHENG L D,XU Y L,WANG H,GAO L,HU X Z.2013.Internal crustal deformation in the northern part of Shan-Thai Block:New evidence from paleomagnetic results of Cretaceous and Paleogene redbeds[J].Tectonophysics,608:1138-1158.
TONG Y B,YANG Z Y,ZHENG L D,YANG T S,SHI L F,SUN ZM,PEI J L.2008.Early Paleocene paleomagnetic results from southern Tibet,and tectonic implications[J].International Geology Review,50(6):546-562.
TORSVIK T H,VOO R V D,PREEDEN U,NIOCAILL C M,STEINBERGER B,DOUBROVINE P V,VANHINSBERGEN D J J,DOMEIER M,GAINA C,TOHVER E,MEERT J G,MCCAUSLAND P J A,COCKS L R M.2012.Phanerozoic polar wander,palaeogeography and dynamics[J].Earth-Science Reviews,114(3-4):325-368.
VAN DER MEER D G,ZEEBE R E,VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,SLUIJS A,SPAKMAN W,TORSVIK T H.2014.Plate tectonic controls on atmospheric CO2 levels since the Triassic[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,111:4380-4385.
VAN DER VOO R.1990.The reliability of paleomagnetic data[J].Tectonophysics,184(1):1-9.
VAN HINSBERGEN D J J,KAPP P,DUPONT-NIVET G,LIPPERT P C,DECELLES P G,TORSVIK T H.2011.Restoration of Cenozoic deformation in Asia and the size of Greater India[J].Tectonics,30(5):TC5003.
VOLKMER J E,KAPP P,GUYNN J H,LAI Q.2007.Cretaceous-Tertiary structural evolution of the north central Lhasa terrane,Tibet[J].Tectonics,26(6):TC6007.
VOLKMER J E,KAPP P,HORTON B K,GEHRELS G E,MINERVINI J M,DING L.2014.Northern Lhasa thrust belt of central Tibet:Evidence of Cretaceous-early Cenozoic shortening within a passive roof thrust system?[A]//NIE J,HORTON B K,HOKE G D.eds.,Toward an Improved Understanding of Uplift Mechanisms and the Elevation History of the Tibetan Plateau.Geological Society of America Special Paper,507:59-70.
WANG C S,DAI J G,ZHAO X X,LI Y L,GRAHAM S A,HE D F,RAN B,MENG J.2014.Outward-growth of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic:A review[J].Tectonophysics,621:1-43.
WESTPHAL M,POZZI J P,ZHOU Y,XING L,CHEN X.1983.Paleomagnetic data about southern Tibet(Xizang)-I.The Cretacous formation of the Lhsa Block[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,73(2):507-521.
WESTPHAL M,POZZI J P.1984.Paleomagnetic and plate tectonic constraints on the movement of Tibet[J].Tectonophysics,98(1):1-10.
WILLEMS H,ZHOU Z,ZHANG B,GRAFE K-U.1996.Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet(Tingri area,China)[J].Geologische Rundschau,85:723-754.
XU R H,SCH?RER U,ALLèGRE C J.1985.Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa block(Tibet):a geochronological study[J].Journal of Geology,93(1):41-57.
XU Zhi-qin,ZHAO Zhong-bao,PENG Miao,MA Xu-xuan,LIHua-qi,ZHAO Jun-meng.2016.Review of“orogenic plateau”[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,32(12):3557-3571(in Chinese with English abstract).
YAN M D,ZHANG D W,FANG X M,REN H D,ZHANG W L,ZAN J B,SONG C H,ZHANG T.2016.Paleomagnetic data bearing on the Mesozoic deformation of the Qiangtang Block:Implications for the evolution of the Paleo-and Meso-Tethys[J].Gondwana Research,39:292-316.
YANG T,MA Y,BIAN W,JIN J,ZHANG S,WU H,LI H,YANGZ,DING J.2015b.Paleomagnetic results from the Early Cretaceous Lakang Formation lavas:Constraints on the paleolatitude of the Tethyan Himalaya and the India-Asia collision[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,428:120-133.
YANG T,MA Y,ZHANG S,BIAN W,YANG Z,WU H,LI H,CHEN W,DING J.2015a.New insights into the India-Asia collision process from Cretaceous paleomagnetic and geochronologic results in the Lhasa terrane[J].Gondwana Research,28(2):625-641.
YANG Z,BESSE J.1993.Paleomagnetic study on Permian and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from North Thailand supports the extrusion model for Indochina[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,117(3-4):525-552.
YANG Z,SUN Z,MA X,YIN I,OTOFUJI Y.2001.The extrusion of Indochina during the India-Eurasia collision:early Tertiary paleomagnetic constraints[J].Gandwana Research,4(4):843.
YI Z,HUANG B,CHEN J.2011.Paleomagnetism of early Paleogene marine sediments in southern Tibet,China:Implications to onset of the India-Asia collision and size of Greater India[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,309(1):153-165.
YI Z,HUANG B,YANG L,TANG X,YAN Y,QIAO Q,ZHAO J,CHEN L.2015.A quasi-linear structure of the southern margin of Eurasia prior to the India-Asia collision:First paleomagnetic constraints from Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks near the western syntaxis of Tibet[J].Tectonics,34(7):1431-1451.
YIE X,LI J.1987.Palaeomagnetism and evolution of Tibet Plates and Tethys[J].Journal of Chengdu College of Geology,14(1):65-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
YIN A,HARRISON T M.2000.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,28:211-280.
YOSHIOKA S,LIU Y,SATO K,INOKUCHIC H,SU L,ZAMANA H,OTOFUJIA Y.2003.Paleomagnetic evidence for post-Cretaceous internal deformation of the Chuan Dan Fragment in the Yangtze Block:A consequence of indentation of India into Asia[J].Tectonophysics,376(1):61-74.
ZHANG Bo-xing,LI Yong-xiang,HU Xiu-mian.2017.Paleomagnetic results from Jurassic-Cretaceous strata in the Chuangde area of southern Tibet constrain the nature and timing of the India-Asia collision system[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,62(4):298-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG L Y,DING L,PULLEN A,XU Q,LIU D L,CAI F L,YUE Y H,LAI Q Z,SHI R D,DUCEA M N,KAPP P,CHAPMAN A.2014.Age and geochemistry of western Hoh-Xil-Songpan-Ganzi granitoids,northern Tibet:Implications for the Mesozoic closure of the Paleo-Tethys ocean[J].Lithos,190-191:328-348.
ZHOU Y N,CHENG X,YU L,YANG X F,SU H L,PENG X M,XUE Y K,LI Y Y,YE Y K,ZHANG J,LI Y Y,WU H N.2016.Paleomagnetic study on the Triassic rocks from the Lhasa Terrane,Tibet,and its paleogeographic implications[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,121:108-119.
ZHU D C,LI S M,CAWOOD P A,WANG Q,ZHAO Z D,LIU S A,WANG L Q.2016.Assembly of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes in central Tibet by divergent double subduction[J].Lithos,245:7-17.
ZHU Xiang-yuan,LIU Chun,YE Su-juan,LIN Jin-lu.1977.Remanence of red beds from Linzhou,Xizang and the northward movement of the Indian Plate[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,12(1):44-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHU Zhi-wen,TENG Ji-wen.1980.The paleomagnetic evidence for small blocks of the Indian Plate drifting towards the north and colliding with Eurasian Plate after the Gondwanaland disintegrated[A]//Chinese Academy of Geological Science and Centre of Scientific Research for French.Sino-French Cooperative investigation in Himalayas.Beijing:Geological Publishing House:17-24(in Chinese).
ZHU Zhi-wen,ZHU Xiang-yuan,ZHANG Yi-ming.1981.Palaeomagnetic observation in Xizang and continental drift[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,24(1):40-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHU Zhi-wen.1985.Comparative significance of apparent polar wander path of Xizang and its adjacent regions since Phanerozoic[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,28(z1):219-225(in Chinese with English abstract).