退火处理ZnPc(OC_8H_(17)OPyCH_3I)_8阴极缓冲层的倒置有机太阳能电池
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摘要
制备了以Zn Pc(OC8H17OPy CH3I)8为阴极缓冲层、P3HT∶PCBM为有源层的有机太阳能电池。对阴极缓冲层Zn Pc(OC8H17OPy CH3I)8薄膜分别进行了溶剂蒸汽退火和过渡舱惰性气体流退火处理,并利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对缓冲层表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:这两种退火方法都使缓冲层形貌得以改善。电池效率从2.14%提高到3.76%,电流密度从8.12 m A/cm2提高到10.71 m A/cm2,填充因子从0.45提高到0.61。与传统器件相比,退火处理的阴极缓冲层器件的稳定性也得到了改善,器件寿命延长了1.4倍。这种简单阴极界面处理方法为改善聚合物太阳能电池性能提供了有效途径。
The inverted organic solar cells with Zn Pc( OC8H17 OPy CH3I)8film as cathode buffer layer and P3HT∶ PCBM as active layer were fabricated. The cathode buffer layers were treated by the solvent vapor and airflow annealing to investigate the effect of the annealing treatment methods on the device performance. The results indicate that the annealing treatment can effectively improve the morphology of the buffer layers. The power conversion efficiency( PCE) of the solar cell is improved from 2. 14% to 3. 76%,the current intensity( Jsc) increases from 8. 12 m A/cm2 to 10. 71 m A/cm2,and the fill factor( FF) is improved from 0. 45 to 0. 61 for the annealing process. More importantly,the stability of the device is enhanced,with the device life being 1. 4 times that of the conventionaldevice. This simple cathode interface treatment method provides an effective way to improve the performance of polymer solar cells.
The inverted organic solar cells with Zn Pc( OC8H17 OPy CH3I)8film as cathode buffer layer and P3HT∶ PCBM as active layer were fabricated. The cathode buffer layers were treated by the solvent vapor and airflow annealing to investigate the effect of the annealing treatment methods on the device performance. The results indicate that the annealing treatment can effectively improve the morphology of the buffer layers. The power conversion efficiency( PCE) of the solar cell is improved from 2. 14% to 3. 76%,the current intensity( Jsc) increases from 8. 12 m A/cm2 to 10. 71 m A/cm2,and the fill factor( FF) is improved from 0. 45 to 0. 61 for the annealing process. More importantly,the stability of the device is enhanced,with the device life being 1. 4 times that of the conventionaldevice. This simple cathode interface treatment method provides an effective way to improve the performance of polymer solar cells.
引文
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[30]YUAN T,ZHU X G,ZHOU L Y,et al..Efficient inverted polymer solar cells based on conjugated polyelectrolyte and zinc oxide modified ITO electrode[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2015,106(8):083302.
[2]JEON I,CUI K,CHIBA T,et al..Direct and dry deposited single-walled carbon nanotube films doped with moox as electron-blocking transparent electrodes for flexible organic solar cells[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2015,137(25):7982-7985.
[3]ZHAO W C,QIAN D P,HOU J H,et al..Fullerene-free polymer solar cells with over 11%efficiency and excellent thermal stability[J].Adv.Mater.,2016,28(2):4734-4739.
[4]ZHENG C Y,BLEIER D,COLLISON C J,et al..Phase separation,crystallinity and monomer-aggregate population control in solution processed small molecule solar cells[J].Solar Energy Mater.Solar Cells,2016,157:366-376
[5]MA W,YANG C,GONG X,et al..Thermally stable,efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology[J].Adv.Funct.Mater.,2005,15(10):1617-1622.
[6]LUO G P,REN X G,CAO Y,et al..Recent advances in organic photovoltaics:device structure and optical engineering optimization on the nanoscale[J].Small,2016,12(12):1547-1571.
[7]YANG J,ZHU R,HONG Z R,et al..A robust inter-connecting layer for achieving high performance tandem polymer solar cells[J].Adv.Mater.,2011,23(30):3465-3470.
[8]ZHANG H M,OUYANG J Y.High-efficiency inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with UV ozone-treated ultrathin aluminum interlayer[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2010,97(6):063509.
[9]YE F,CHEN Z B,ANG X N,et al..Interface modification strategy based on a hybrid cathode buffer layer for promoting the performance of polymer solar cells[J].RSC Adv.,2016,6(1):692-700.
[10]KIM H P,YUSOFF A R B M,JANG J.Organic solar cells using a reduced graphene oxide anode buffer layer[J].Solar Energy Mater.Solar Cells,2013,110:87-93.
[11]AZIMI H,AMERI T,MATT G J,et al..A universal interface layer based on an amine-functionalized fullerene derivative with dual functionality for efficient solution processed organic and perovskite solar cells[J].Adv.Energy Mater.,2015,5(8):767-772.
[12]HU Z C,ZHANG K,HUANG F,et al..Water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers for the interface engineering of highly efficient polymer light-emitting diodes and polymer solar cells[J].Chem.Commun.,2015,51(26):5572-5585.
[13]武娜,骆群,吴振武,等.电极界面缓冲层对P3HT∶PC61BM太阳能电池热稳定性的影响[J].物理化学学报,2015,31(7):1413-1420.WU N,LUO Q,WU Z W,et al..Influence of electrode interfacial buffer layers on thermal stability of P3HT∶PC61BM solar cells[J].Acta Phys.Chim.Sinica,2015,31(7):1413-1420.(in Chinese)
[14]刘志方,赵谡玲,徐征,等.利用Ag2O/PEDOT∶PSS复合缓冲层提高P3HT∶PCBM聚合物太阳能电池器件性能的研究[J].物理学报,2014,63(6):068402-1-5.LIU Z F,ZHAO S L,XU Z,et al..Enhancement of performance of P3HT∶PCBM based polymer solar cell by Ag2O/PEDOT∶PSS composite buffer layer[J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2014,63(6):068402-1-5.(in Chinese)
[15]蒲年年,李海蓉,谢龙珍.Ni Ox作为空穴传输层对有机太阳能电池光吸收的影响[J].物理学报,2014,63(6):067201.PU N N,LI H R,XIE L Z.Influence of Ni Oxhole-transporting layer on the light absorption of the polymer solar cells[J].Acta Phys.Sinica,2014,63(6):067201.(in Chinese)
[16]WANG F Z,TAN Z A,LI Y F.Solution-processable metal oxides/chelates as electrode buffer layers for efficient and stable polymer solar cells[J].Energy Environm.Sci.,2015,8(4):1059-1091.
[17]LACHER S,OBATA N,NAKAMURA E,et al..Electropolymerized conjugated polyelectrolytes with tunable work function and hydrophobicity as an anode buffer in organic optoelectronics[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interf.,2012,4(7):3396-3404.
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[19]ANGEL F A,LYUBARSKAYA Y L,SHESTOPALOV A A,et al..Degradation of self-assembled monolayers in organic photovoltaic devices[J].Org.Electron.,2014,15(12):3624-3631.
[20]GOH C,SCULLY S R,MCGEHEE M D.Effects of molecular interface modification in hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic cells[J].J.Appl.Phys.,2007,101(11):114503-1-12.
[21]LI L F,WU R L,XU H Y,et al..The investigation of the hydrogen bond saturation effect during the dipole-dipole induced azobenzene supramolecular self-assembly[J].Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.,2013,15(47):20753-20763.
[22]LANGE I,REITER S,NEHER D,et al..Zinc oxide modified with benzylphosphonic acids as transparent electrodes in regular and inverted organic solar cell structures[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2015,106(11):1-5.
[23]LIU Z Y,WANG N,FU Y.Effect of thermal annealing treatment with titanium chelate on buffer layer in inverted polymer solar cells[J].Appl.Surf.Sci.,2016,393(15):1120-1125.
[24]LIU Z Y,HUI S R,WANG N.Improved performance and stability of inverted polymer solar cells with ammonium heptamolybdate acted as hole extraction layers via thermal annealing method[J].J.Lumin.,2017,181:310-314.
[25]李文杰,张建军,张亚萍,等.退火方式及PCBM阴极修饰层对聚合物太阳电池的影响[J].光电子·激光,2010,21(11):1602-1604.LI W J,ZHANG J J,ZHANG Y P,et al..Effects of annealing processes and the PCBM modified layer for cathode on polymer solar cells[J].J.Optoelectron.Laser,2010,21(11):1602-1604.(in Chinese)
[26]胡雪花,李福山,徐胜,等.稀释溶剂对PEDOT∶PSS薄膜和有机太阳能电池性能的影响[J].发光学报,2014,35(3):322-326.HU X H,LI F S,XU S,et al..Effect of solvent dilution on preparation of PEDOT∶PSS transparent conductive films and device performance of organic solar cells[J].Chin.J.Lumin.,2014,35(3):322-326.(in Chinese)
[27]ZHENG Y F,LI S G,YU J S,et al..Effects of different polar solvents for solvent vapor annealing treatment on the performance of polymer solar cells[J].Org.Electron.,2014,15(11):2647-2653.
[28]LV H Y,ZHAO X L,YANG X N,et al..Improving performance of polymer solar cells based on PSBTBT/PC71BM via controlled solvent vapor annealing[J].Org.Electron.,2013,14(7):1874-1881.
[29]JIA T,ZHOU W L,WANG Y,et al..Highly efficient polymer solar cells based on a universal cathode interlayer composed of metallophthalocyanine derivative with good film-forming property[J].J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3(8):4547-4554.
[30]YUAN T,ZHU X G,ZHOU L Y,et al..Efficient inverted polymer solar cells based on conjugated polyelectrolyte and zinc oxide modified ITO electrode[J].Appl.Phys.Lett.,2015,106(8):083302.