炮钢表面等离子堆焊Fe基涂层及其烧蚀行为研究
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摘要
在炮钢表面利用等离子堆焊分别制备了A、B两种Fe基耐烧蚀涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪分析了涂层的微观组织和元素含量,利用维氏硬度计测量了涂层的硬度,利用高速热流发生装置模拟了火炮发射时的高温高压环境,对涂层进行了烧蚀试验.结果表明,两种Fe基涂层均与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层A的组织主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、Fe_3Ni_2及(Cr,Fe)_7C_3组成,涂层B的组织主要由Fe-Cr固溶体、Cr_3Ni_2、Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36)及Fe_7C_3组成.经过40次高速热流烧蚀后,电镜下观察涂层A发生的烧蚀行为,其烧蚀过程是由"晶间烧蚀"扩展到"沿晶烧蚀"最后到"全晶烧蚀",电镜下观察涂层B未发生明显的烧蚀行为,但是在热冷循环过程中产生了"穿晶"裂纹,与炮钢相比,两种涂层的耐烧蚀性能均有明显提高.
Fe-based erosion resistant coatings A and B were prepared by plasma surfacing on the surface of gun steel.The microstructure and elements of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer.The hardness of the coating was measured by Vickers hardness tester,and the erosion resistance of the coating was tested by high speed heat flow generating device.The results show that both Fe-based coatings have good metallurgical bonding with the substrate.Coating A is com posed of Fe_3Ni_2,(Cr,Fe)_7C_3 and Fe-Cr solid solution.Coating B is composed of Cr_3Ni_2,Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36),Fe_7C_3,Fe-Cr solid solution.After 40 tests of high-speed heat flow's erosion,the erosion behavior of the coatings was observed under scanning electron microscopy.Results show that,the erosion process of Coating A is extended from "intergranular erosion",to "crystallization erosion",then to"full crystal erosion".Coating B shows no obvious erosion behavior under scanning electron microscopy,but has produced transcrystalline cracks in the hot and cold cycle process.The two coatings have significantly enhanced the erosion resistance compared with the gun steel.
Fe-based erosion resistant coatings A and B were prepared by plasma surfacing on the surface of gun steel.The microstructure and elements of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer.The hardness of the coating was measured by Vickers hardness tester,and the erosion resistance of the coating was tested by high speed heat flow generating device.The results show that both Fe-based coatings have good metallurgical bonding with the substrate.Coating A is com posed of Fe_3Ni_2,(Cr,Fe)_7C_3 and Fe-Cr solid solution.Coating B is composed of Cr_3Ni_2,Fe_(0.64)Ni_(0.36),Fe_7C_3,Fe-Cr solid solution.After 40 tests of high-speed heat flow's erosion,the erosion behavior of the coatings was observed under scanning electron microscopy.Results show that,the erosion process of Coating A is extended from "intergranular erosion",to "crystallization erosion",then to"full crystal erosion".Coating B shows no obvious erosion behavior under scanning electron microscopy,but has produced transcrystalline cracks in the hot and cold cycle process.The two coatings have significantly enhanced the erosion resistance compared with the gun steel.
引文
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[3]张健,郭策安,卢旭东,等.炮钢表面电弧离子镀NiCoCrAlYSi涂层的高温氧化行为[J].材料热处理学报,2015,36(6):197-201.Zhang Jian,Guo Ce′an,Lu Xudong,et al.High temperature oxidation behavior of arc ion plated NiCoCrAlYSi coating on gun steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heattreatment,2015,36(6):197-201.(in Chinese)
[4]张健,韩继龙,郭策安,等.添加Y对炮钢表面电弧离子镀(Ti,Al)N薄膜氧化性能的影响[J].功能材料,2015,46(13):13144-13147.Zhang Jian,Han Jilong,Guo Ce′an,et al.Influence of Y addition for oxidation performance of arc ion plated(Ti,Al)N films on gun steel[J].Functional Materials,2015,46(13):13144-13147.(in Chinese)
[5]张健,郭策安,张罡,等.PCrNi3MoVA钢表面电弧离子镀Ti0.7Al0.3N涂层的性能研究[J].兵工学报,2011,32(6):697-702.Zhang Jian,Guo Ce′an,Zhang Gang,et al.Performance of arc-ion plating Ti0.7Al0.3N coatings on PCrNi3MoVA steel[J].Acta Armamentarii,2011,32(6):697-702.(in Chinese)
[6]王升,熊党生,李建亮,等.熔盐电镀钽及其耐磨损烧蚀性能[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(2):101-107.Wang Sheng,Xiong Dangsheng,Li Jianliang,et al.Wear and erosion resistance properties of electroplating Ta coating in molten salt[J].China Surface Engineering,2015,28(2):101-107.(in Chinese)
[7]Underwood J H,Parker A P,Vigilante G N,et al.Thermal damage,cracking and rapid erosion of cannon bore coatings[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2003,125(3):299-305.
[8]Cote P J,Rickard C.Gas-metal reaction products in the erosion of chromium-plated gun bores[J].Wear,2000,241(1):17-25.
[9]陈永才,宋遒志,王建中.国内外火炮身管延寿技术研究进展[J].兵工学报,2006,6(2):330-334.Chen Yongcai,Song Qiuzhi,Wang Jianzhong.New technologies to extend the erosion life of gun barrel[J].Acta Armamentarii,2006,6(2):330-334.(in Chinese)
[10]郭瑞萍.国外火炮炮管材料与工艺技术研究动向[J].国防制造技术,2010(5):24-26.Guo Ruiping.Research trends of foreign gun materials and process technology[J].Defense Manufacturing Technology,2010(5):24-26.(in Chinese)
[11]王宝生.美国橡树岭国家实验室先进炮管涂层技术[J].兵器快报,2003(38):10-12.Wang Baosheng.The advanced coating technology of gun barrel used in Oak Ridge National Laboratory[J].Weapon News,2003(38):10-12.(in Chinese)
[12]Warnecke C.Method of internally coating a weapon barrel by means of a laser beam:US,6548125[P].2003-04.
[13]斯松华,何宜柱.等离子堆焊合金层组织及腐蚀磨损性能[J].焊接学报,2002,23(2):40-44.Si Songhua,He Yizhu.Study on microstructures and corrosion wear performance of plasma surfacing alloy deposits[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2002,23(2):40-44.(in Chinese)
[14]侯清宇,高甲生.铁基合金等离子堆焊研究进展[J].安徽工业大学学报,2003,20(1):13-16.Hou Qingyu,Gao Jiasheng.Research development of iron-based alloy plasma surfacing[J].Journal of Anhui University of Technology,2003,20(1):13-16.(in Chinese)