Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma biological behavior in patient selection for liver transplantation
|
摘要
Morphological criteria have always been considered the benchmark for selecting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients for liver transplantation(LT).These criteria,which are often inappropriate to express the tumor’s biological behavior and aggressiveness,offer only a static view of the disease burden and are frequently unable to correctly stratify the tumor recurrence risk after LT.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and its progression as well as AFP-m RNA,AFP-L3%,des-γ-carboxyprothrombin,inflammatory markers and other serological tests appear to be correlated with post-transplant outcomes.Several other markers for patient selection including functional imaging studies such as18F-FDG-PET imaging,histological evaluation of tumor grade,tissue-specific biomarkers,and molecular signatures have been outlined in the literature.HCC growth rate and response to pre-transplant therapies can further contribute to the transplant evaluation process of HCC patients.While AFP,its progression,and HCC response to pretransplant therapy have already been used as a part of an integrated prognostic model for selecting patients,the utility of other markers in the transplant setting is still under investigation.This article intends to review the data in the literature concerning predictors that could be included in an integrated LT selection model and to evaluate the importance of biological aggressiveness in the evaluation process of these patients.
Morphological criteria have always been considered the benchmark for selecting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients for liver transplantation(LT).These criteria,which are often inappropriate to express the tumor’s biological behavior and aggressiveness,offer only a static view of the disease burden and are frequently unable to correctly stratify the tumor recurrence risk after LT.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and its progression as well as AFP-m RNA,AFP-L3%,des-γ-carboxyprothrombin,inflammatory markers and other serological tests appear to be correlated with post-transplant outcomes.Several other markers for patient selection including functional imaging studies such as18F-FDG-PET imaging,histological evaluation of tumor grade,tissue-specific biomarkers,and molecular signatures have been outlined in the literature.HCC growth rate and response to pre-transplant therapies can further contribute to the transplant evaluation process of HCC patients.While AFP,its progression,and HCC response to pretransplant therapy have already been used as a part of an integrated prognostic model for selecting patients,the utility of other markers in the transplant setting is still under investigation.This article intends to review the data in the literature concerning predictors that could be included in an integrated LT selection model and to evaluate the importance of biological aggressiveness in the evaluation process of these patients.
Morphological criteria have always been considered the benchmark for selecting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients for liver transplantation(LT).These criteria,which are often inappropriate to express the tumor’s biological behavior and aggressiveness,offer only a static view of the disease burden and are frequently unable to correctly stratify the tumor recurrence risk after LT.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and its progression as well as AFP-m RNA,AFP-L3%,des-γ-carboxyprothrombin,inflammatory markers and other serological tests appear to be correlated with post-transplant outcomes.Several other markers for patient selection including functional imaging studies such as18F-FDG-PET imaging,histological evaluation of tumor grade,tissue-specific biomarkers,and molecular signatures have been outlined in the literature.HCC growth rate and response to pre-transplant therapies can further contribute to the transplant evaluation process of HCC patients.While AFP,its progression,and HCC response to pretransplant therapy have already been used as a part of an integrated prognostic model for selecting patients,the utility of other markers in the transplant setting is still under investigation.This article intends to review the data in the literature concerning predictors that could be included in an integrated LT selection model and to evaluate the importance of biological aggressiveness in the evaluation process of these patients.
引文
1 Freeman RB,Steffick DE,Guidinger MK,Farmer DG,Berg CL,Merion RM.Liver and intestine transplantation in the United States,1997-2006.Am J Transplant 2008;8:958-976[PMID:18336699DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02174.x]
2 Jonas S,Bechstein WO,Steinmüller T,Herrmann M,Radke C,Berg T,Settmacher U,Neuhaus P.Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.Hepatology 2001;33:1080-1086[PMID:11343235 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.23561]
3 Hemming AW,Cattral MS,Reed AI,Van Der Werf WJ,Greig PD,Howard RJ.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg 2001;233:652-659[PMID:11323504 DOI:10.1097/00000658-200105000-00009]
4 Llovet JM,Bruix J,Fuster J,Castells A,Garcia-Valdecasas JC,Grande L,Franca A,BrúC,Navasa M,Ayuso MC,SoléM,Real MI,Vilana R,Rimola A,Visa J,Rodés J.Liver transplantation for small hepatocellular carcinoma:the tumor-node-metastasis classification does not have prognostic power.Hepatology 1998;27:1572-1577[PMID:9620329 DOI:10.1002/hep.510270616]
5 Marsh JW,Dvorchik I,Subotin M,Balan V,Rakela J,Popechitelev EP,Subbotin V,Casavilla A,Carr BI,Fung JJ,Iwatsuki S.The prediction of risk of recurrence and time to recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation:a pilot study.Hepatology 1997;26:444-450[PMID:9252157 DOI:10 .1002/hep.510260227]
6 Margarit C,Charco R,Hidalgo E,Allende H,Castells L,Bilbao I.Liver transplantation for malignant diseases:selection and pattern of recurrence.World J Surg 2002;26:257-263[PMID:11865357 DOI:10 .1007/s00268-001-0214-1]
7 Iwatsuki S,Dvorchik I,Marsh JW,Madariaga JR,Carr B,Fung JJ,Starzl TE.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a proposal of a prognostic scoring system.J Am Coll Surg 2000;191:389-394[PMID:11030244 DOI:10.1016/S1072-7515(00)00688-8]
8 Mazzaferro V,Llovet JM,Miceli R,Bhoori S,Schiavo M,Mariani L,Camerini T,Roayaie S,Schwartz ME,Grazi GL,Adam R,Neuhaus P,Salizzoni M,Bruix J,Forner A,De Carlis L,Cillo U,Burroughs AK,Troisi R,Rossi M,Gerunda GE,Lerut J,Belghiti J,Boin I,Gugenheim J,Rochling F,Van Hoek B,Majno P.Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria:a retrospective,exploratory analysis.Lancet Oncol 2009;10:35-43[PMID:19058754 DOI:10 .1016/S1470-2045(08)70284-5]
9 Yao FY,Xiao L,Bass NM,Kerlan R,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:validation of the UCSF-expanded criteria based on preoperative imaging.Am J Transplant 2007;7:2587-2596[PMID:17868066 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01965.x]
10 Llovet JM,Bruix J.Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:Chemoembolization improves survival.Hepatology 2003;37:429-442[PMID:12540794DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50047]
11 Mazzaferro V,Regalia E,Doci R,Andreola S,Pulvirenti A,Bozzetti F,Montalto F,Ammatuna M,Morabito A,Gennari L.Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.N Engl J Med 1996;334:693-699[PMID:8594428 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199603143341104]
12 Sotiropoulos GC,MalagóM,Molmenti E,Paul A,Nadalin S,Brokalaki E,Kühl H,Dirsch O,Lang H,Broelsch CE.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis:is clinical tumor classification before transplantation realistic?Transplantation2 0 0 5;79:4 8 3-4 8 7[P M I D:1 5 7 2 9 1 7 6 D O I:1 0.1 0 9 7/0 1.TP.0000152801.82734.74]
13 Roayaie S,Frischer JS,Emre SH,Fishbein TM,Sheiner PA,Sung M,Miller CM,Schwartz ME.Long-term results with multimodal adjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 centimeters.Ann Surg 2002;235:533-539[PMID:11923610 DOI:10.1097/00000658-200204000-00012]
14 Klintmalm GB.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a registry report of the impact of tumor characteristics on outcome.Ann Surg 1998;228:479-490[PMID:9790338 DOI:10.1097/00000658-199810000-00005]
15 Vitale A,D’Amico F,Frigo AC,Grigoletto F,Brolese A,Zanus G,Neri D,Carraro A,D’Amico FE,Burra P,Russo F,Angeli P,Cillo U.Response to therapy as a criterion for awarding priority to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation.Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:2290-2302[PMID:20217249 DOI:10.1245/s10434-010-0993-4]
16 Bruix J,Sherman M.Management of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology 2005;42:1208-1236[PMID:16250051 DOI:10.1002/hep.20933]
17 Ravaioli M,Grazi GL,Piscaglia F,Trevisani F,Cescon M,Ercolani G,Vivarelli M,Golfieri R,D’Errico Grigioni A,Panzini I,Morelli C,Bernardi M,Bolondi L,Pinna AD.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:results of downstaging in patients initially outside the Milan selection criteria.Am J Transplant 2008;8:2547-2557[PMID:19032223 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02409.x]
18 Yao FY,Ferrell L,Bass NM,Watson JJ,Bacchetti P,Venook A,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival.Hepatology 2001;33:1394-1403[PMID:11391528DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.24563]
19 Cillo U,Vitale A,Bassanello M,Boccagni P,Brolese A,Zanus G,Burra P,Fagiuoli S,Farinati F,Rugge M,D’Amico DF.Liver transplantation for the treatment of moderately or well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg 2004;239:150-159[PMID:14745321 DOI:10.1097/01.sla.0000109146.72827.76]
20 Duvoux C,Roudot-Thoraval F,Decaens T,Pessione F,Badran H,Piardi T,Francoz C,Compagnon P,Vanlemmens C,Dumortier J,Dharancy S,Gugenheim J,Bernard PH,Adam R,Radenne S,Muscari F,Conti F,Hardwigsen J,Pageaux GP,Chazouillères O,Salame E,Hilleret MN,Lebray P,Abergel A,Debette-Gratien M,Kluger MD,Mallat A,Azoulay D,Cherqui D.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a model includingα-fetoprotein improves the performance of Milan criteria.Gastroenterology 2012;143 :986-994.e3;quiz e14-15[PMID:22750200 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.052]
21 Abelev GI,Perova SD,Khramkova NI,Postnikova ZA,Irlin IS.Production of embryonal alpha-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas.Transplantation 1963;1:174-180[PMID:14010646DOI:10.1097/00007890-196301020-00004]
22 Alpert E,Hershberg R,Schur PH,Isselbacher KJ.-fetoprotein in human hepatoma:improved detection in serum,and quantitative studies using a new sensitive technique.Gastroenterology 1971;61:137-143[PMID:4104961]
23 Kew M.Alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer and other diseases.Gut 1974;15:814-821[PMID:4140084 DOI:10.1136/gut.15.10.814]
24 Chen DS,Sung JL.Serum alphafetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 1977;40:779-783[PMID:70268]
25 Johnson PJ,Portmann B,Williams R.Alpha-fetoprotein concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay in diagnosing and excluding hepatocellular carcinoma.Br Med J 1978;2:661-663[PMID:81086 DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.6138.661]
26 Toso C,Asthana S,Bigam DL,Shapiro AM,Kneteman NM.Reassessing selection criteria prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma utilizing the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database.Hepatology 2009;49:832-838[PMID:19152426 DOI:10.1002/hep.22693]
27 Pomfret EA,Washburn K,Wald C,Nalesnik MA,Douglas D,Russo M,Roberts J,Reich DJ,Schwartz ME,Mieles L,Lee FT,Florman S,Yao F,Harper A,Edwards E,Freeman R,Lake J.Report of a national conference on liver allocation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.Liver Transpl 2010;16:262-278[PMID:20209641 DOI:10.1002/lt.21999]
28 Han K,Tzimas GN,Barkun JS,Metrakos P,Tchervenkov JL,Hilzenrat N,Wong P,Deschênes M.Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein slope is predictive of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation.Can J Gastroenterol 2007;21:39-45[PMID:17225881]
29 Vibert E,Azoulay D,Hoti E,Iacopinelli S,Samuel D,Salloum C,Lemoine A,Bismuth H,Castaing D,Adam R.Progression of alphafetoprotein before liver transplantation for hepatocellular c a r c i n o m a i n c i r r h o t i c p a t i e n t s:a c r i t i c a l f a c t o r.A m J Transplant 2010;10:129-137[PMID:20070666 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02750.x]
30 Todo S,Furukawa H,Tada M.Extending indication:role of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2007;13:S48-S54[PMID:17969069 DOI:10.1002/lt.21334]
31 Berry K,Ioannou GN.Serum alpha-fetoprotein level independently predicts posttransplant survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2013;19:634-645[PMID:23536495 DOI:10 .1002/lt.23652]
32 Mailey B,Artinyan A,Khalili J,Denitz J,Sanchez-Luege N,Sun CL,Bhatia S,Nissen N,Colquhoun SD,Kim J.Evaluation of absolute serumα-fetoprotein levels in liver transplant for hepatocellular cancer.Arch Surg 2011;146:26-33[PMID:21242442DOI:10.1001/archsurg.2010.295]
33 Xiao L,Fu ZR,Ding GS,Fu H,Ni ZJ,Wang ZX,Shi XM,Guo WY.Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma:one center’s experience in China.Transplant Proc 2009;41:1717-1721[PMID:19545714 DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.03.058]
34 Yang Y,Nagano H,Ota H,Morimoto O,Nakamura M,Wada H,Noda T,Damdinsuren B,Marubashi S,Miyamoto A,Takeda Y,Dono K,Umeshita K,Nakamori S,Wakasa K,Sakon M,Monden M.Patterns and clinicopathologic features of extrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.Surgery 2007;141:196-202[PMID:17263976 DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2006.06.033]
35 Wang ZX,Song SH,Teng F,Wang GH,Guo WY,Shi XM,Ma J,Wu YM,Ding GS,Fu ZR.A single-center retrospective analysis of liver transplantation on 255 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Transplant 2010;24:752-757[PMID:20030683 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01172.x]
36 Onaca N,Davis GL,Jennings LW,Goldstein RM,Klintmalm GB.Improved results of transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a report from the International Registry of Hepatic Tumors in Liver Transplantation.Liver Transpl 2009;15:574-580[PMID:19479800DOI:10.1002/lt.21738]
37 Sotiropoulos GC,Lang H,Nadalin S,Neuh?user M,Molmenti EP,Baba HA,Paul A,Saner FH,Weber F,Hilgard P,Frilling A,Broelsch CE,MalagóM.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:University Hospital Essen experience and metaanalysis of prognostic factors.J Am Coll Surg 2007;205:661-675[PMID:17964442 DOI:10 .1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.05.023]
38 Lao OB,Weissman J,Perkins JD.Pre-transplant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a lower recurrence after liver transplantation.Clin Transplant 2009;23:874-881[PMID:19453644 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.00993.x]
39 Adler M,De Pauw F,Vereerstraeten P,Fancello A,Lerut J,Starkel P,Van Vlierberghe H,Troisi R,Donckier V,Detry O,Delwaide J,Michielsen P,Chapelle T,Pirenne J,Nevens F.Outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma listed for liver transplantation within the Eurotransplant allocation system.Liver Transpl 2008;14:526-533[PMID:18383082 DOI:10.1002/lt.21399]
40 Pérez-Saborido B,de los Galanes SJ,Menéu-Díaz JC,Romero CJ,Elola-Olaso AM,Suárez YF,Valencia VB,Moreno-González E.Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:recurrence pathway and prognostic factors.Transplant Proc 2007;39:2304-2307[PMID:17889172]
41 Fujiki M,Takada Y,Ogura Y,Oike F,Kaido T,Teramukai S,Uemoto S.Significance of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in selection criteria for living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Am J Transplant 2009;9:2362-2371[PMID:19656125 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02783.x]
42 Tamura S,Kato T,Berho M,Misiakos EP,O’Brien C,Reddy KR,Nery JR,Burke GW,Schiff ER,Miller J,Tzakis AG.Impact of histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma on the outcome of liver transplantation.Arch Surg 2001;136:25-30;discussion 31[PMID:11146770 DOI:10.1001/archsurg.136.1.25]
43 Varona MA,Soriano A,Aguirre-Jaime A,Garrido S,Oton E,Diaz D,Portero J,Bravo P,Barrera MA,Perera A.Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation:accuracy of the alpha-fetoprotein model in a single-center experience.Transplant Proc 2015;47:84-89[PMID:25645778DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.12.013]
44 Notarpaolo A,Bizouard G,Gambato M,Montalti R,Magini G,Miglioresi L,Vitale A,Vennarecci G,Ambrosio CD,Burra P.Prediction of Recurrence after Liver Transplantation for HCC:Validation of the AFP Model in an Italian Cohort:Wiley-blackwell111 River st,Hoboken 07030-5774.NJ,USA:Wiley-blackwell,2014:S132-S132[DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(14)61076-X]
45 Hameed B,Mehta N,Sapisochin G,Roberts JP,Yao FY.Alphafetoprotein level>1000 ng/m L as an exclusion criterion for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria.Liver Transpl 2014;20:945-951[PMID:24797281DOI:10.1002/lt.23904]
46 Kondili LA,Lala A,Gunson B,Hubscher S,Olliff S,Elias E,Bramhall S,Mutimer D.Primary hepatocellular cancer in the explanted liver:outcome of transplantation and risk factors for HCC recurrence.Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33:868-873[PMID:17258882DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(04)90255-3]
47 Merani S,Majno P,Kneteman NM,Berney T,Morel P,Mentha G,Toso C.The impact of waiting list alpha-fetoprotein changes on the outcome of liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2011;55:814-819[PMID:21334400 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.040]
48 Hakeem AR,Young RS,Marangoni G,Lodge JP,Prasad KR.Systematic review:the prognostic role of alpha-fetoprotein following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:987-999[PMID:22429190 DOI:10 .1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05060.x]
49 Debruyne EN,Delanghe JR.Diagnosing and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma with alpha-fetoprotein:new aspects and applications.Clin Chim Acta 2008;395:19-26[PMID:18538135DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2008.05.010]
50 Yang GH,Fan J,Xu Y,Qiu SJ,Yang XR,Shi GM,Wu B,Dai Z,Liu YK,Tang ZY,Zhou J.Osteopontin combined with CD44,a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection.Oncologist 2008;13:1155-1165[PMID:18997126 DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0081]
51 Zhang XF,Qi X,Meng B,Liu C,Yu L,Wang B,Lv Y.Prognosis evaluation in alpha-fetoprotein negative hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy:comparison of five staging systems.Eur J Surg Oncol 2010;36:718-724[PMID:20538423 DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2010.05.022]
52 Liebman HA,Furie BC,Tong MJ,Blanchard RA,Lo KJ,Lee SD,Coleman MS,Furie B.Des-gamma-carboxy(abnormal)prothrombin as a serum marker of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.N Engl J Med 1984;310:1427-1431[PMID:6201741 DOI:10.1056/NEJM198405313102204]
53 Fujiyama S,Morishita T,Sagara K,Sato T,Motohara K,Matsuda I.Clinical evaluation of plasma abnormal prothrombin(PIVKA-II)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology1986;33:201-205[PMID:2433199]
54 Fujiyama S,Morishita T,Hashiguchi O,Sato T.Plasma abnormal prothrombin(des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin)as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 1988;61:1621-1628[PMID:2450634]
55 Okuda H,Obata H,Nakanishi T,Furukawa R,Hashimoto E.Production of abnormal prothrombin(des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin)by hepatocellular carcinoma.A clinical and experimental study.J Hepatol 1987;4:357-363[PMID:3036940DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(87)80546-9]
56 Zhou L,Liu J,Luo F.Serum tumor markers for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:1175-1181[PMID:16534867 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i8.1175]
57 Mita Y,Aoyagi Y,Yanagi M,Suda T,Suzuki Y,Asakura H.The usefulness of determining des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin by sensitive enzyme immunoassay in the early diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 1998;82:1643-1648[PMID:9576283]
58 Tanaka Y,Kashiwagi T,Tsutsumi H,Nagasawa M,Toyama T,Ozaki S,Naito M,Ishibashi K,Azuma M.Sensitive measurement of serum abnormal prothrombin(PIVKA-II)as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46:2464-2468[PMID:10522021]
59 Ikoma J,Kaito M,Ishihara T,Nakagawa N,Kamei A,Fujita N,Iwasa M,Tamaki S,Watanabe S,Adachi Y.Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using a sensitive assay for serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin:a prospective study.Hepatogastroenterology 2002;49:235-238[PMID:11941963]
60 Marrero JA,Su GL,Wei W,Emick D,Conjeevaram HS,Fontana RJ,Lok AS.Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin can differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant chronic liver disease in american patients.Hepatology 2003;37:1114-1121[PMID:12717392 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50195]
61 Lok AS,Sterling RK,Everhart JE,Wright EC,Hoefs JC,Di Bisceglie AM,Morgan TR,Kim HY,Lee WM,Bonkovsky HL,Dienstag JL.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alphafetoprotein as biomarkers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gastroenterology 2010;138:493-502[PMID:19852963DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.031]
62 PotéN,Cauchy F,Albuquerque M,Voitot H,Belghiti J,Castera L,Puy H,Bedossa P,Paradis V.Performance of PIVKA-II for early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prediction of microvascular invasion.J Hepatol 2015;62:848-854[PMID:25450201 DOI:10 .1016/j.jhep.2014.11.005]
63 Ishii M,Gama H,Chida N,Ueno Y,Shinzawa H,Takagi T,Toyota T,Takahashi T,Kasukawa R.Simultaneous measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma.South Tohoku District Study Group.Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1036-1040[PMID:10763956]
64 Hamamura K,Shiratori Y,Shiina S,Imamura M,Obi S,Sato S,Yoshida H,Omata M.Unique clinical characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who present with high plasma des-gammacarboxy prothrombin and low serum alpha-fetoprotein.Cancer2000;88:1557-1564[PMID:10738213]
65 Kobayashi M,Ikeda K,Kawamura Y,Yatsuji H,Hosaka T,Sezaki H,Akuta N,Suzuki F,Suzuki Y,Saitoh S,Arase Y,Kumada H.High serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level predicts poor prognosis after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 2009;115:571-580[PMID:19117347]
66 Imamura H,Matsuyama Y,Miyagawa Y,Ishida K,Shimada R,Miyagawa S,Makuuchi M,Kawasaki S.Prognostic significance of anatomical resection and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Br J Surg 1999;86:1032-1038[PMID:10460639 DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01185.x]
67 Sakaguchi T,Suzuki S,Morita Y,Oishi K,Suzuki A,Fukumoto K,Inaba K,Nakamura S,Konno H.Impact of the preoperative desgamma-carboxy prothrombin level on prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria.Surg Today 2010;40:638-645[PMID:20582515 DOI:10.1007/s00595-009-4109-3]
68 Toyoda H,Kumada T,Kaneoka Y,Osaki Y,Kimura T,Arimoto A,Oka H,Yamazaki O,Manabe T,Urano F,Chung H,Kudo M,Matsunaga T.Prognostic value of pretreatment levels of tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma on survival after curative treatment of patients with HCC.J Hepatol 2008;49:223-232[PMID:18571271]
69 Shindoh J,Sugawara Y,Nagata R,Kaneko J,Tamura S,Aoki T,Sakamoto Y,Hasegawa K,Tanaka T,Kokudo N.Evaluation methods for pretransplant oncologic markers and their prognostic impacts in patient undergoing living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Transpl Int 2014;27:391-398[PMID:24472068 DOI:10.1111/tri.12274]
70 Taketomi A,Sanefuji K,Soejima Y,Yoshizumi T,Uhciyama H,Ikegami T,Harada N,Yamashita Y,Sugimachi K,Kayashima H,Iguchi T,Maehara Y.Impact of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and tumor size on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation.Transplantation 2009;87:531-537[PMID:19307789 DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181943bee]
71 Chaiteerakij R,Zhang X,Addissie BD,Mohamed EA,Harmsen WS,Theobald PJ,Peters BE,Balsanek JG,Ward MM,Giama NH,Moser CD,Oseini AM,Umeda N,Venkatesh S,Harnois DM,Charlton MR,Yamada H,Satomura S,Algeciras-Schimnich A,Snyder MR,Therneau TM,Roberts LR.Combinations of biomarkers and Milan criteria for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2015;21:599-606[PMID:25789635]
72 Inagaki Y,Xu HL,Hasegawa K,Aoki T,Beck Y,Sugawara Y,Tang W,Kokudo N.Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.J Dig Dis 2011;12:481-488[PMID:22118699 DOI:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00521.x]
73 Tang W,Miki K,Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Imamura H,Minagawa M,Yuan LW,Ohnishi S,Makuuchi M.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in cancer and non-cancer liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Int J Oncol 2003;22:969-975[PMID:12684661 DOI:10.3892/ijo.22.5.969]
74 Tang W,Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Guo Q,Imamura H,Sano K,Karako H,Qu X,Nakata M,Makuuchi M.Des-gammacarboxyprothrombin expression in cancer and/or non-cancer liver tissues:association with survival of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncol Rep 2005;13:25-30[PMID:15583797 DOI:10.3892/or.13.1.25]
75 Suehiro T,Matsumata T,Itasaka H,Taketomi A,Yamamoto K,Sugimachi K.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and proliferative activity of hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery 1995;117:682-691[PMID:7539944 DOI:10.1016/S0039-6060(95)80013-1]
76 Miyaaki H,Nakashima O,Kurogi M,Eguchi K,Kojiro M.Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence II are potential indicators of a poor prognosis:a histopathological study of surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma.J Gastroenterol 2007;42:962-968[PMID:18085353]
77 Suzuki M,Shiraha H,Fujikawa T,Takaoka N,Ueda N,Nakanishi Y,Koike K,Takaki A,Shiratori Y.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin is a potential autologous growth factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.JBiol Chem 2005;280:6409-6415[PMID:15582995 DOI:10.1074/jbc.M406714200]
78 Fujikawa T,Shiraha H,Ueda N,Takaoka N,Nakanishi Y,Matsuo N,Tanaka S,Nishina S,Suzuki M,Takaki A,Sakaguchi K,Shiratori Y.Des-gamma-carboxyl prothrombin-promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration.J Biol Chem 2007;282:8741-8748[PMID:17255102]
79 Wang SB,Cheng YN,Cui SX,Zhong JL,Ward SG,Sun LR,Chen MH,Kokudo N,Tang W,Qu XJ.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin stimulates human vascular endothelial cell growth and migration.Clin Exp Metastasis 2009;26:469-477[PMID:19263229 DOI:10 .1007/s10585-009-9246-y]
80 Gao FJ,Cui SX,Chen MH,Cheng YN,Sun LR,Ward SG,Kokudo N,Tang W,Qu XJ.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin increases the expression of angiogenic factors in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Life Sci 2008;83:815-820[PMID:18976674 DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2008.10.003]
81 Funaki NO,Tanaka J,Seto SI,Kasamatsu T,Kaido T,Imamura M.Hematogenous spreading of hepatocellular carcinoma cells:possible participation in recurrence in the liver.Hepatology 1997;25:564-568[PMID:9049199 DOI:10.1002/hep.510250312]
82 Yao F,Guo JM,Xu CF,Lou YL,Xiao BX,Zhou WH,Chen J,Hu YR,Liu Z,Hong GF.Detecting AFP m RNA in peripheral blood of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,liver cirrhosis and hepatitis.Clin Chim Acta 2005;361:119-127[PMID:15993394DOI:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.005]
83 Cillo U,Vitale A,Navaglia F,Basso D,Montin U,Bassanello M,D’Amico F,Ciarleglio FA,Brolese A,Zanus G,De Pascale V,Plebani M,D’Amico DF.Role of blood AFP m RNA and tumor grade in the preoperative prognostic evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:6920-6925[PMID:16437593 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v11.i44.6920]
84 Marubashi S,Dono K,Nagano H,Sugita Y,Asaoka T,Hama N,Miyamoto A,Takeda Y,Umeshita K,Monden M.Detection of AFP m RNA-expressing cells in the peripheral blood for prediction of HCC recurrence after living donor liver transplantation.Transpl Int 2007;20:576-582[PMID:17425725 DOI:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2007.00480.x]
85 Ijichi M,Takayama T,Matsumura M,Shiratori Y,Omata M,Makuuchi M.alpha-Fetoprotein m RNA in the circulation as a predictor of postsurgical recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma:a prospective study.Hepatology 2002;35:853-860[PMID:11915031DOI:10.1053/jhep.2002.32100]
86 Toso C,Mentha G,Majno P.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:five steps to prevent recurrence.Am J Transplant 2011;11:2031-2035[PMID:21831154 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03689.x]
87 Kuromatsu R,Tanaka M,Tanikawa K.Serum alpha-fetoprotein and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver 1993;13:177-182[PMID:7690873 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00627.x]
88 Taketa K,Endo Y,Sekiya C,Tanikawa K,Koji T,Taga H,Satomura S,Matsuura S,Kawai T,Hirai H.A collaborative study for the evaluation of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoproteins in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer Res 1993;53:5419-5423[PMID:7693340]
89 Taketa K.Alpha-fetoprotein:reevaluation in hepatology.Hepatology 1990;12:1420-1432[PMID:1701754 DOI:10.1002/hep.1840120625]
90 Sato Y,Nakata K,Kato Y,Shima M,Ishii N,Koji T,Taketa K,Endo Y,Nagataki S.Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma based on altered profiles of alpha-fetoprotein.N Engl J Med 1993;328:1802-1806[PMID:7684823 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199306243282502]
91 Song BC,Suh DJ,Yang SH,Lee HC,Chung YH,Sung KB,Lee YS.Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein as a prognostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;35:398-402[PMID:12394228 DOI:10.1097/00004836-200211000-00008]
92 Kobayashi M,Hosaka T,Ikeda K,Seko Y,Kawamura Y,Sezaki H,Akuta N,Suzuki F,Suzuki Y,Saitoh S,Arase Y,Kumada H.Highly sensitive AFP-L3%assay is useful for predicting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment pre-and postoperatively.Hepatol Res 2011;41:1036-1045[PMID:21883741DOI:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2011.00858.x]
93 Beppu T,Sugimoto K,Shiraki K,Tameda M,Kusagawa S,Nojiri K,Tanaka J,Yamamoto N,Takei Y,Takaki H,Uraki J,Nakatsuka A,Yamakado K,Takeda K.Clinical significance of tumor markers in detection of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation.Int J Mol Med 2010;26:425-433[PMID:20664960]
94 Saito Y,Shimada M,Utsunomiya T,Morine Y,Imura S,Ikemoto T,Mori H,Hanaoka J,Yamada S,Asanoma M.Prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy using preoperative Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein.Hepatol Res 2012;42:887-894[PMID:22524419DOI:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01004.x]
95 Kobayashi M,Kuroiwa T,Suda T,Tamura Y,Kawai H,Igarashi M,Fukuhara Y,Aoyagi Y.Fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein,L3,as a useful prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to low concentrations of serum alpha-fetoprotein.Hepatol Res 2007;37:914-922[PMID:17610501DOI:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00147.x]
96 Nouso K,Kobayashi Y,Nakamura S,Kobayashi S,Takayama H,Toshimori J,Kuwaki K,Hagihara H,Onishi H,Miyake Y,Ikeda F,Shiraha H,Takaki A,Iwasaki Y,Kobashi H,Yamamoto K.Prognostic importance of fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with low alpha-fetoprotein.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:1195-1200[PMID:21410750 DOI:10 .1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06720.x]
97 Kusaba T.Relationship between Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive alpha-fetoprotein and biological features of hepatocellular carcinoma.Kurume Med J 1998;45:113-120[PMID:9658760 DOI:10 .2739/kurumemedj.45.113]
98 Pan C,Wang X,Chen W,Tao C,Xu X,Jin L,Chen Y,Zhu L,Zhou L,Pan Z.Reevaluation of glypican-3 as a prognostic marker in HCC using X-tile software.Med Oncol 2015;32:359[PMID:25432695DOI:10.1007/s12032-014-0359-z]
99 Fu SJ,Qi CY,Xiao WK,Li SQ,Peng BG,Liang LJ.Glypican-3 is a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.Surgery 2013;154:536-544[PMID:23601901DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2013.02.014]
100 Xiao WK,Qi CY,Chen D,Li SQ,Fu SJ,Peng BG,Liang LJ.Prognostic significance of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis.BMC Cancer 2014;14:104[PMID:24548704 DOI:10 .1186/1471-2407-14-104]
101 Wang YL,Zhu ZJ,Teng DH,Yao Z,Gao W,Shen ZY.Glypican-3expression and its relationship with recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation.World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:2408-2414[PMID:22654434 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v18.i19.2408]
102 Li J,Gao JZ,Du JL,Wei LX.Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of glypican-3 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis.World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:6336-6344[PMID:24876756 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6336]
103 Oya H,Sato Y,Yamamoto S,Nakatsuka H,Kobayashi T,Hara Y,Waguri N,Suda T,Aoyagi Y,Hatakeyama K.Comparison between human-telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA and alpha-fetoprotein m RNA as a predictive value for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation.Transplant Proc2006;38:3636-3639[PMID:17175353 DOI:10.1016/j.transprocee d.2006.10.172]
104 Sato Y,Yamamoto S,Oya H,Nakatsuka H,Kobayashi T,Takeishi T,Hirano K,Hara Y,Watanabe T,Waguri N,Suda T,Ichida T,Aoyagi Y,Hatakeyama K.Preoperative human-telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA in peripheral blood and tumor recurrence in living-related liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52:1325-1328[PMID:16201066]
105 Kong SY,Park JW,Kim JO,Lee NO,Lee JA,Park KW,HongEK,Kim CM.Alpha-fetoprotein and human telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA levels in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009;135:1091-1098[PMID:19184104 DOI:10.1007/s00432-009-0549-9]
106 Kim YD,Hwang S,Lee YJ,Kim KH,Ahn CS,Park KM,Moon DB,Ha TY,Song GW,Jung DH,Park SR,Hong HN,Lee SG.Preoperative peripheral blood human telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA concentration is not a prognostic factor for resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology2012;59:1512-1515[PMID:22683968 DOI:10.5754/hge10342]
107 Zhou Y,Ma X,Wu J,Zhang C,Wang B,Song B,Guo W,Pan B.[Preoperative serumα-1-fucosidase as an early-recurrent indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014;94:3623-3628[PMID:25622951]
108 Wang K,Guo W,Li N,Shi J,Zhang C,Lau WY,Wu M,Cheng S.Alpha-1-fucosidase as a prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy:a large-scale,long-term study.Br J Cancer 2014;110:1811-1819[PMID:24569461 DOI:10.1038/bjc.2014.102]
109 Dituri F,Serio G,Filannino D,Mascolo A,Sacco R,Villa E,Giannelli G.Circulating TGF-β1-related biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their association with HCC staging scores.Cancer Lett 2014;353:264-271[PMID:25088578 DOI:10 .1016/j.canlet.2014.07.029]
110 Bedossa P,Peltier E,Terris B,Franco D,Poynard T.Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-beta 1)and TGF-beta 1 receptors in normal,cirrhotic,and neoplastic human livers.Hepatology 1995;21:760-766[PMID:7875675]
111 Ji F,Fu SJ,Shen SL,Zhang LJ,Cao QH,Li SQ,Peng BG,Liang LJ,Hua YP.The prognostic value of combined TGF-β1 and ELF in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC Cancer 2015;15:116[PMID:25880619 DOI:10.1186/s12885-015-1127-y]
112 Giannelli G,Mazzocca A,Fransvea E,Lahn M,Antonaci S.Inhibiting TGF-βsignaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.Biochim Biophys Acta 2011;1815:214-223[PMID:21129443 DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.004]
113 Dong ZZ,Yao DF,Yao M,Qiu LW,Zong L,Wu W,Wu XH,Yao DB,Meng XY.Clinical impact of plasma TGF-beta1 and circulating TGF-beta1 m RNA in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2008;7:288-295[PMID:18522884]
114 Wang L,Yao M,Dong Z,Zhang Y,Yao D.Circulating specific biomarkers in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its metastasis monitoring.Tumour Biol 2014;35:9-20[PMID:24006223 DOI:10.1007/s13277-013-1141-0]
115 Farinati F,Giacomin A.Marcatori bioumorali e molecolari dell’epatocarcinoma.Proceedings of the 23rd Inter-regional conference on gastrointestinal clinical pathology;2008 May 29-30;Altavilla Vicentina,Vicenza,Italy.RIMe L-IJLa M,Vol 4,N.2,2008.Available from:URL:http://www.sipmel.it/it/riviste/articolopdf.php/2406
116 Zhu J,Jiang F,Ni HB,Xiao MB,Chen BY,Ni WK,Lu CH,Ni RZ.Combined analysis of serumγ-glutamyl transferase isoenzyme II,α-L-fucosidase andα-fetoprotein detected using a commercial kit in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Exp Ther Med 2013;5:89-94[PMID:23251247]
117 Yoon SK,Lim NK,Ha SA,Park YG,Choi JY,Chung KW,Sun HS,Choi MJ,Chung J,Wands JR,Kim JW.The human cervical cancer oncogene protein is a biomarker for human hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer Res 2004;64:5434-5441[PMID:15289352DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3665]
118 Rasool M,Rashid S,Arooj M,Ansari SA,Khan KM,Malik A,Naseer MI,Zahid S,Manan A,Asif M,Razzaq Z,Ashraf S,Qazi MH,Iqbal Z,Gan SH,Kamal MA,Sheikh IA.New possibilities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.Anticancer Res 2014;34:1563-1571[PMID:24692683]
119 Chiappini F.Circulating tumor cells measurements in hepatocellular carcinoma.Int J Hepatol 2012;2012:684802[PMID:22690340DOI:10.1155/2012/684802]
120 Olaya N,Chiappini F.Hepatocellular Carcinoma:Methods of Circulating Tumor Cells(CTC)Measurements.INTECH Open Access,2012
121 Reim M,Grodau K,Kuhr M.Proceedings:Hexokinase activity and corneal nutrition.Exp Eye Res 1975;20:179[PMID:1122968 DOI:10 .1016/S0140-6736(00)04046-0]
122 Cescon M,Bertuzzo VR,Ercolani G,Ravaioli M,Odaldi F,Pinna AD.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:role of inflammatory and immunological state on recurrence and prognosis.World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:9174-9182[PMID:24409045 DOI:10 .3748/wjg.v19.i48.9174]
123 Halazun KJ,Hardy MA,Rana AA,Woodland DC,Luyten EJ,Mahadev S,Witkowski P,Siegel AB,Brown RS,Emond JC.Negative impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg 2009;250:141-151[PMID:19561458 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a77e59]
124 Walsh SR,Cook EJ,Goulder F,Justin TA,Keeling NJ.Neutrophillymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.J Surg Oncol 2005;91:181-184[PMID:16118772 DOI:10.1002/jso.20329]
125 Halazun KJ,Aldoori A,Malik HZ,Al-Mukhtar A,Prasad KR,Toogood GJ,Lodge JP.Elevated preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases.Eur J Surg Oncol 2008;34:55-60[PMID:17448623 DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2007.02.014]
126 Tanigawa N,Amaya H,Matsumura M,Shimomatsuya T.Correlation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor vascularity,and patient outcome in human gastric carcinoma.J Clin Oncol 1997;15:826-832[PMID:9053510]
127 Kusumanto YH,Dam WA,Hospers GA,Meijer C,Mulder NH.Platelets and granulocytes,in particular the neutrophils,form important compartments for circulating vascular endothelial growth factor.Angiogenesis 2003;6:283-287[PMID:15166496]
128 Unitt E,Marshall A,Gelson W,Rushbrook SM,Davies S,Vowler SL,Morris LS,Coleman N,Alexander GJ.Tumour lymphocytic infiltrate and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation.J Hepatol 2006;45:246-253[PMID:16580084DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.12.027]
129 Xiao GQ,Liu C,Liu DL,Yang JY,Yan LN.Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:8398-8407[PMID:24363533 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v19.i45.8398]
130 Wang GY,Yang Y,Li H,Zhang J,Jiang N,Li MR,Zhu HB,Zhang Q,Chen GH.A scoring model based on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.PLo S One 2011;6:e25295[PMID:21966488 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0025295]
131 Bertuzzo VR,Cescon M,Ravaioli M,Grazi GL,Ercolani G,Del Gaudio M,Cucchetti A,D’Errico-Grigioni A,Golfieri R,Pinna AD.Analysis of factors affecting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation with a special focus on inflammation markers.Transplantation 2011;91:1279-1285[PMID:21617590DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e3182187cf0]
132 Limaye AR,Clark V,Soldevila-Pico C,Morelli G,Suman A,Firpi R,Nelson DR,Cabrera R.Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts overall and recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatol Res 2013;43:757-764[PMID:23193965 DOI:10.1111/hepr.12019]
133 Xiao WK,Chen D,Li SQ,Fu SJ,Peng BG,Liang LJ.Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis.BMC Cancer 2014;14:117[PMID:24559042 DOI:10.1186/1471-2407-14-117]
134 Parisi I,Tsochatzis E,Wijewantha H,Rodríguez-Perálvarez M,De Luca L,Manousou P,Fatourou E,Pieri G,Papastergiou V,Davies N,Yu D,Luong T,Dhillon AP,Thorburn D,Patch D,O’Beirne J,Meyer T,Burroughs AK.Inflammation-based scores do not predict post-transplant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients within Milan criteria.Liver Transpl 2014;20:1327-1335[PMID:25088400 DOI:10.1002/lt.23969]
135 Lai Q,Lerut J.Reply to‘neutrophil and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio:new predictors of dropout and recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer?’.Transpl Int 2014;27:e82-e83[PMID:24628991 DOI:10.1111/tri.12191]
136 Xia W,Ke Q,Wang Y,Wang W,Zhang M,Shen Y,Wu J,Xu X,Zheng S.Predictive value of pre-transplant platelet to lymphocyte ratio for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation.World J Surg Oncol 2015;13:60[PMID:25885777DOI:10.1186/s12957-015-0472-2]
137 Argilés JM,Busquets S,López-Soriano FJ.Cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003;6:401-406[PMID:12806213 DOI:10.1097/01.mco.0000078983.18774.cc]
138 Chan AW,Chan SL,Wong GL,Wong VW,Chong CC,Lai PB,Chan HL,To KF.Prognostic Nutritional Index(PNI)Predicts Tumor Recurrence of Very Early/Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Surgical Resection.Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:4138-4148[PMID:25801356 DOI:10.1245/s10434-015-4516-1]
139 Toyoda H,Kumada T,Kiriyama S,Sone Y,Tanikawa M,Hisanaga Y,Yamaguchi A,Isogai M,Kaneoka Y,Washizu J.Prognostic significance of simultaneous measurement of three tumor markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:111-117[PMID:16431313 DOI:10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00855-4]
140 Fox R,Berhane S,Teng M,Cox T,Tada T,Toyoda H,Kumada T,Kagebayashi C,Satomura S,Johnson PJ.Biomarker-based prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma:validation and extension of the BALAD model.Br J Cancer 2014;110:2090-2098[PMID:24691419 DOI:10 .1038/bjc.2014.130]
141 Kiriyama S,Uchiyama K,Ueno M,Ozawa S,Hayami S,Tani M,Yamaue H.Triple positive tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma are useful predictors of poor survival.Ann Surg 2011;254:984-991[PMID:21606837 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182215016]
142 Li X,Yang W,Lou L,Chen Y,Wu S,Ding G.micro RNA:a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.Dig Dis Sci 2014;59:1099-1107[PMID:24390674 DOI:10.1007/s10620-013-3006-1]
143 Criss WE.A review of isozymes in cancer.Cancer Res 1971;31:1523-1542[PMID:4399291]
144 Khan MA,Combs CS,Brunt EM,Lowe VJ,Wolverson MK,Solomon H,Collins BT,Di Bisceglie AM.Positron emission tomography scanning in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2000;32:792-797[PMID:10845666 DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80248-2]
145 Sugiyama M,Sakahara H,Torizuka T,Kanno T,Nakamura F,Futatsubashi M,Nakamura S.18F-FDG PET in the detection of extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma.J Gastroenterol 2004;39:961-968[PMID:15549449 DOI:10.1007/s00535-004-1427-5]
146 Yang SH,Suh KS,Lee HW,Cho EH,Cho JY,Cho YB,Yi NJ,Lee KU.The role of(18)F-FDG-PET imaging for the selection of liver transplantation candidates among hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Liver Transpl 2006;12:1655-1660[PMID:16964589 DOI:10 .1002/lt.20861]
147 Kornberg A,Freesmeyer M,B?rthel E,Jandt K,Katenkamp K,Steenbeck J,Sappler A,Habrecht O,Gottschild D,Settmacher U.18 F-FDG-uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma on PET predicts microvascular tumor invasion in liver transplant patients.Am J Transplant 2009;9:592-600[PMID:19191771 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02516.x]
148 Kornberg A,Küpper B,Tannapfel A,Büchler P,Krause B,Witt U,Gottschild D,Friess H.Patients with non-[18 F]fludeoxyglucose-avid advanced hepatocellular carcinoma on clinical staging may achieve long-term recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2012;18:53-61[PMID:21850692 DOI:10.1002/lt.22416]
149 Lee SD,Kim SH,Kim SK,Kim YK,Park SJ.Clinical Impact of18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Transplantation 2015;99:2142-2149[PMID:25905981 DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000000719]
150 Torizuka T,Tamaki N,Inokuma T,Magata Y,Sasayama S,Yonekura Y,Tanaka A,Yamaoka Y,Yamamoto K,Konishi J.In vivo assessment of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma with FDG-PET.J Nucl Med 1995;36:1811-1817[PMID:7562048]
151 Ho CL,Yu SC,Yeung DW.11C-acetate PET imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver masses.J Nucl Med 2003;44:213-221[PMID:12571212]
152 Jadvar H.Hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:potential role of other positron emission tomography radiotracers.Semin Nucl Med 2012;42:247-254[PMID:22681673 DOI:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.02.001]
153 Talbot JN,Fartoux L,Balogova S,Nataf V,Kerrou K,Gutman F,Huchet V,Ancel D,Grange JD,Rosmorduc O.Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with PET/CT:a prospective comparison of18 F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease.J Nucl Med 2010;51:1699-1706[PMID:20956466DOI:10.2967/jnumed.110.075507]
154 Asman Y,Evenson AR,Even-Sapir E,Shibolet O.[18F]fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography as a prognostic tool before liver transplantation,resection,and locoablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2015;21:572-580[PMID:25644857 DOI:10.1002/lt.24083]
155 Cheung TT,Ho CL,Lo CM,Chen S,Chan SC,Chok KS,Fung JY,Yan Chan AC,Sharr W,Yau T,Poon RT,Fan ST.11C-acetate and18 F-FDG PET/CT for clinical staging and selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation on the basis of Milan criteria:surgeon’s perspective.J Nucl Med 2013;54:192-200[PMID:23321459 DOI:10.2967/jnumed.112.107516]
156 Wu HB,Wang QS,Li BY,Li HS,Zhou WL,Wang QY.F-18FDG in conjunction with 11C-choline PET/CT in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Nucl Med 2011;36:1092-1097[PMID:22064078 DOI:10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182335df4]
157 Buchbender C,Heusner TA,Lauenstein TC,Bockisch A,Antoch G.Oncologic PET/MRI,part 1:tumors of the brain,head and neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.J Nucl Med 2012;53:928-938[PMID:22582048 DOI:10.2967/jnumed.112.105338]
158 Lauwers GY,Terris B,Balis UJ,Batts KP,Regimbeau JM,Chang Y,Graeme-Cook F,Yamabe H,Ikai I,Cleary KR,Fujita S,Flejou JF,Zukerberg LR,Nagorney DM,Belghiti J,Yamaoka Y,Vauthey JN.Prognostic histologic indicators of curatively resected hepatocellular carcinomas:a multi-institutional analysis of 425 patients with definition of a histologic prognostic index.Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:25-34[PMID:11756766 DOI:10.1097/00000478-200201000-00003]
159 Yamanaka J,Yamanaka N,Nakasho K,Tanaka T,Ando T,Yasui C,Kuroda N,Takata M,Maeda S,Matsushita K,Uematsu K,Okamoto E.Clinicopathologic analysis of stage II-III hepatocellular carcinoma showing early massive recurrence after liver resection.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:1192-1198[PMID:11106101 DOI:10 .1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02323.x]
160 Esnaola NF,Lauwers GY,Mirza NQ,Nagorney DM,Doherty D,Ikai I,Yamaoka Y,Regimbeau JM,Belghiti J,Curley SA,Ellis LM,Vauthey JN.Predictors of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation.J Gastrointest Surg 2002;6:224-232;discussion232[PMID:11992808 DOI:10.1016/S1091-255X(01)00015-4]
161 Du Bay D,Sandroussi C,Sandhu L,Cleary S,Guba M,Cattral MS,Mc Gilvray I,Ghanekar A,Selzner M,Greig PD,Grant DR.Liver transplantation for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using poor tumor differentiation on biopsy as an exclusion criterion.Ann Surg 2011;253:166-172[PMID:21294289 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820508f1]
162 Pawlik TM,Gleisner AL,Anders RA,Assumpcao L,Maley W,Choti MA.Preoperative assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor grade using needle biopsy:implications for transplant eligibility.Ann Surg 2007;245:435-442[PMID:17435551 DOI:10 .1097/01.sla.0000250420.73854.ad]
163 Kenmochi K,Sugihara S,Kojiro M.Relationship of histologicgrade of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)to tumor size,and demonstration of tumor cells of multiple different grades in single small HCC.Liver 1987;7:18-26[PMID:3033422 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00310.x]
164 Sugihara S,Nakashima O,Kojiro M,Majima Y,Tanaka M,Tanikawa K.The morphologic transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.A comparison of the individual histologic features disclosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy with those of autopsy.Cancer 1992;70:1488-1492[PMID:1325272]
165 Edmondson HA,Steiner PE.Primary carcinoma of the liver:a study of 100 cases among 48,900 necropsies.Cancer 1954;7:462-503[PMID:13160935]
166 Huang P,Lai Y.Effective segmentation and classification for HCC biopsy images.Patt Recogt 2010;43:1550-1563[DOI:10.1016/j.patcog.2009.10.014]
167 K ulesza P,Torbenson M,Sheth S,Erozan YS,Ali SZ.Cytopathologic grading of hepatocellular carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration.Cancer 2004;102:247-258[PMID:15368317 DOI:10 .1002/cncr.20409]
168 Myers RP,Fong A,Shaheen AA.Utilization rates,complications and costs of percutaneous liver biopsy:a population-based study including 4275 biopsies.Liver Int 2008;28:705-712[PMID:18433397 DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01691.x]
169 Durand F,Belghiti J,Paradis V.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:role of biopsy.Liver Transpl 2007;13:S17-S23[PMID:17969095 DOI:10.1002/lt.21326]
170 Yu SC,Lo DY,Ip CB,Liew CT,Leung TW,Lau WY.Does percutaneous liver biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma cause hematogenous dissemination?An in vivo study with quantitative assay of circulating tumor DNA using methylation-specific realtime polymerase chain reaction.AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:383-385[PMID:15269029 DOI:10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830383]
171 Colecchia A,Scaioli E,Montrone L,Vestito A,Di Biase AR,Pieri M,D’Errico-Grigioni A,Bacchi-Reggiani ML,Ravaioli M,Grazi GL,Festi D.Pre-operative liver biopsy in cirrhotic patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma represents a safe and accurate diagnostic tool for tumour grading assessment.J Hepatol 2011;54:300-305[PMID:21056498 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.037]
172 Streba LAM,Streba CT,Georgescu EF.Risks and Benefits of Liver Biopsy in Focal Liver Disease.INTECH Open Access,2012[DOI:10 .5772/52620]
173 Denzer U,Arnoldy A,Kanzler S,Galle PR,Dienes HP,Lohse AW.Prospective randomized comparison of minilaparoscopy and percutaneous liver biopsy:diagnosis of cirrhosis and complications.J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41:103-110[PMID:17198072 DOI:10 .1097/01.mcg.0000225612.86846.82]
174 Helmreich-Becker I,Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH,Lohse AW.Safety and feasibility of a new minimally invasive diagnostic laparoscopy technique.Endoscopy 1998;30:756-762[PMID:9932754 DOI:10.1055/s-2007-1001417]
175 European Association For The Study Of The Liver;European Organisation For Research And Treatment Of Cancer.EASLEORTC clinical practice guidelines:management of hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2012;56:908-943[PMID:22424438 DOI:10 .1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001]
176 De Risi J,Penland L,Brown PO,Bittner ML,Meltzer PS,Ray M,Chen Y,Su YA,Trent JM.Use of a c DNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer.Nat Genet 1996;14:457-460[PMID:8944026 DOI:10.1038/ng1296-457]
177 Pinyol R,Nault JC,Quetglas IM,Zucman-Rossi J,Llovet JM.Molecular profiling of liver tumors:classification and clinical translation for decision making.Semin Liver Dis 2014;34:363-375[PMID:25369299 DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1394137]
178 Ho MC,Lin JJ,Chen CN,Chen CC,Lee H,Yang CY,Ni YH,Chang KJ,Hsu HC,Hsieh FJ,Lee PH.A gene expression profile for vascular invasion can predict the recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma:a microarray approach.Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1474-1484[PMID:17009164 DOI:10.1245/s10434-006-9057-1]
179 Ye QH,Qin LX,Forgues M,He P,Kim JW,Peng AC,Simon R,Li Y,Robles AI,Chen Y,Ma ZC,Wu ZQ,Ye SL,Liu YK,Tang ZY,Wang XW.Predicting hepatitis B virus-positive metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas using gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning.Nat Med 2003;9:416-423[PMID:12640447 DOI:10 .1038/nm843]
180 Chen X,Cheung ST,So S,Fan ST,Barry C,Higgins J,Lai KM,Ji J,Dudoit S,Ng IO,Van De Rijn M,Botstein D,Brown PO.Gene expression patterns in human liver cancers.Mol Biol Cell 2002;13:1929-1939[PMID:12058060 DOI:10.1091/mbc.02-02-0023]
181 Villa E,Critelli R,Lei B,Marzocchi G,Camma C,Giannelli G,Pontisso P,Cabibbo G,Enea M,Colopi S,Caporali C,Pollicino T,Milosa F,Karampatou A,Todesca P,Bertolini E,Maccio L,Martinez-Chantar ML,Turola E,Del Buono M,De Maria N,Ballestri S,Schepis F,Loria P,Enrico Gerunda G,Losi L,Cillo U.Neoangiogenesis-related genes are hallmarks of fast-growing hepatocellular carcinomas and worst survival.Results from a prospective study.Gut 2015;Epub ahead of print[PMID:25666192]
182 Iizuka N,Oka M,Yamada-Okabe H,Nishida M,Maeda Y,Mori N,Takao T,Tamesa T,Tangoku A,Tabuchi H,Hamada K,Nakayama H,Ishitsuka H,Miyamoto T,Hirabayashi A,Uchimura S,Hamamoto Y.Oligonucleotide microarray for prediction of early intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.Lancet 2003;361:923-929[PMID:12648972]
183 Lee JS,Chu IS,Heo J,Calvisi DF,Sun Z,Roskams T,Durnez A,Demetris AJ,Thorgeirsson SS.Classification and prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by gene expression profiling.Hepatology 2004;40:667-676[PMID:15349906 DOI:10.1002/hep.20375]
184 Hoshida Y,Villanueva A,Kobayashi M,Peix J,Chiang DY,Camargo A,Gupta S,Moore J,Wrobel MJ,Lerner J,Reich M,Chan JA,Glickman JN,Ikeda K,Hashimoto M,Watanabe G,Daidone MG,Roayaie S,Schwartz M,Thung S,Salvesen HB,Gabriel S,Mazzaferro V,Bruix J,Friedman SL,Kumada H,Llovet JM,Golub TR.Gene expression in fixed tissues and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma.N Engl J Med 2008;359:1995-2004[PMID:18923165DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0804525]
185 Huang YS,Dai Y,Yu XF,Bao SY,Yin YB,Tang M,Hu CX.Microarray analysis of micro RNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-tumorous tissues without viral hepatitis.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:87-94[PMID:18171346 DOI:10 .1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05223.x]
186 Mah WC,Lee CG.DNA methylation:potential biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomark Res 2014;2:5[PMID:24635883 DOI:10.1186/2050-7771-2-5]
187 Millonig G,Graziadei IW,Freund MC,Jaschke W,Stadlmann S,Ladurner R,Margreiter R,Vogel W.Response to preoperative chemoembolization correlates with outcome after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2007;13:272-279[PMID:17256758 DOI:10.1002/lt.21033]
188 Majno PE,Adam R,Bismuth H,Castaing D,Ariche A,Krissat J,Perrin H,Azoulay D.Influence of preoperative transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization on resection and transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.Ann Surg 1997;226 :688-701;discussion 701-703[PMID:9409568 DOI:10.1097/00000658-199712000-00006]
189 Herrero JI,Sangro B,Quiroga J,Pardo F,Herraiz M,Cienfuegos JA,Prieto J.Influence of tumor characteristics on the outcome of liver transplantation among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2001;7:631-636[PMID:11460231 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2001.25458]
190 Graziadei IW,Sandmueller H,Waldenberger P,Koenigsrainer A,Nachbaur K,Jaschke W,Margreiter R,Vogel W.Chemoembolization followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma impedes tumor progression while on the waiting list and leads to excellent outcome.Liver Transpl 2003;9:557-563[PMID:12783395 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2003.50106]
191 Yao FY,Bass NM,Nikolai B,Merriman R,Davern TJ,Kerlan R,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.A follow-up analysis of the pattern andpredictors of dropout from the waiting list for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:implications for the current organ allocation policy.Liver Transpl 2003;9:684-692[PMID:12827553 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2003.50147]
192 Hayashi PH,Trotter JF,Forman L,Kugelmas M,Steinberg T,Russ P,Wachs M,Bak T,Kam I,Everson GT.Impact of pretransplant diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma on cadveric liver allocation in the era of MELD.Liver Transpl 2004;10:42-48[PMID:14755776DOI:10.1002/lt.20020]
193 Fisher RA,Maluf D,Cotterell AH,Stravitz T,Wolfe L,Luketic V,Sterling R,Shiffman M,Posner M.Non-resective ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:effectiveness measured by intention-to-treat and dropout from liver transplant waiting list.Clin Transplant 2004;18:502-512[PMID:15344951 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2004.00196.x]
194 Maddala YK,Stadheim L,Andrews JC,Burgart LJ,Rosen CB,Kremers WK,Gores G.Drop-out rates of patients with hepatocellular cancer listed for liver transplantation:outcome with chemoembolization.Liver Transpl 2004;10:449-455[PMID:15004776]
195 Otto G,Herber S,Heise M,Lohse AW,M?nch C,Bittinger F,Hoppe-Lotichius M,Schuchmann M,Victor A,Pitton M.Response to transarterial chemoembolization as a biological selection criterion for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl2006;12:1260-1267[PMID:16826556]
196 Porrett PM,Peterman H,Rosen M,Sonnad S,Soulen M,Markmann JF,Shaked A,Furth E,Reddy KR,Olthoff K.Lack of benefit of pre-transplant locoregional hepatic therapy for hepatocellular cancer in the current MELD era.Liver Transpl 2006;12:665-673[PMID:16482577 DOI:10.1002/lt.20636]
197 Huo TI,Lin HC,Huo SC,Lee PC,Wu JC,Lee FY,Hou MC,Lee SD.Comparison of four model for end-stage liver disease-based prognostic systems for cirrhosis.Liver Transpl 2008;14:837-844[PMID:18508377 DOI:10.1002/lt.21439]
198 De Giorgio M,Vezzoli S,Cohen E,Armellini E,LucàMG,Verga G,Pinelli D,Nani R,Valsecchi MG,Antolini L,Colledan M,Fagiuoli S,Strazzabosco M.Prediction of progression-free survival in patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria.Liver Transpl 2010;16:503-512[PMID:20373461 DOI:10.1002/lt.22039]
199 Cucchetti A,Cescon M,Bigonzi E,Piscaglia F,Golfieri R,Ercolani G,Cristina Morelli M,Ravaioli M,Daniele Pinna A.Priority of candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation can be reduced after successful bridge therapy.Liver Transpl 2011;17:1344-1354[PMID:21837731 DOI:10.1002/lt.22397]
200 Ciccarelli O,Lai Q,Goffette P,Finet P,De Reyck C,Roggen F,Sempoux C,Doffagne E,Reding R,Lerut J.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer:UCL experience in 137 adult cirrhotic patients.Alpha-foetoprotein level and locoregional treatment as refined selection criteria.Transpl Int 2012;25:867-875[PMID:22716073 DOI:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01512.x]
201 Decaens T,Roudot-Thoraval F,Bresson-Hadni S,Meyer C,Gugenheim J,Durand F,Bernard PH,Boillot O,Boudjema K,Calmus Y,Hardwigsen J,Ducerf C,Pageaux GP,Dharancy S,Chazouilleres O,Dhumeaux D,Cherqui D,Duvoux C.Impact of pretransplantation transarterial chemoembolization on survival and recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2005;11:767-775[PMID:15973710 DOI:10.1002/lt.20418]
202 Pelletier SJ,Fu S,Thyagarajan V,Romero-Marrero C,Batheja MJ,Punch JD,Magee JC,Lok AS,Fontana RJ,Marrero JA.An intention-to-treat analysis of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma using organ procurement transplant network data.Liver Transpl 2009;15:859-868[PMID:19642139 DOI:10.1002/lt.21778]
203 Lesurtel M,Müllhaupt B,Pestalozzi BC,Pfammatter T,Clavien PA.Transarterial chemoembolization as a bridge to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:an evidence-based analysis.Am J Transplant 2006;6:2644-2650[PMID:16939518 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01509.x]
204 Majno P,Giostra E,Mentha G.Management of hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list before liver transplantation:time for controlled trials?Liver Transpl 2007;13:S27-S35[PMID:17969086 DOI:10.1002/lt.21328]
205 Llovet JM,Mas X,Aponte JJ,Fuster J,Navasa M,Christensen E,Rodés J,Bruix J.Cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma during the waiting list for liver transplantation.Gut 2002;50:123-128[PMID:11772979 DOI:10 .1136/gut.50.1.123]
206 Roayaie S,Schwartz JD,Sung MW,Emre SH,Miller CM,Gondolesi GE,Krieger NR,Schwartz ME.Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplant:patterns and prognosis.Liver Transpl 2004;10:534-540[PMID:15048797 DOI:10 .1002/lt.20128]
207 Otto G,Schuchmann M,Hoppe-Lotichius M,Heise M,Weinmann A,Hansen T,Pitton MP.How to decide about liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:size and number of lesions or response to TACE?J Hepatol 2013;59:279-284[PMID:23587474DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.006]
208 Allard MA,Sebagh M,Ruiz A,Guettier C,Paule B,Vibert E,Cunha AS,Cherqui D,Samuel D,Bismuth H,Castaing D,Adam R.Does pathological response after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis predict outcome after liver resection or transplantation?J Hepatol 2015;63:83-92[PMID:25646884 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.023]
209 Roberts JP,Venook A,Kerlan R,Yao F.Hepatocellular carcinoma:Ablate and wait versus rapid transplantation.Liver Transpl 2010;16:925-929[PMID:20658555 DOI:10.1002/lt.22103]
210 Ho MH,Yu CY,Chung KP,Chen TW,Chu HC,Lin CK,Hsieh CB.Locoregional therapy-induced tumor necrosis as a predictor of recurrence after liver transplant in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18:3632-3639[PMID:21626078DOI:10.1245/s10434-011-1803-3]
211 Lai Q,Avolio AW,Graziadei I,Otto G,Rossi M,Tisone G,Goffette P,Vogel W,Pitton MB,Lerut J.Alpha-fetoprotein and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors progression after locoregional therapy as predictors of hepatocellular cancer recurrence and death after transplantation.Liver Transpl 2013;19:1108-1118[PMID:23873764 DOI:10.1002/lt.23706]
212 Chapman WC,Majella Doyle MB,Stuart JE,Vachharajani N,Crippin JS,Anderson CD,Lowell JA,Shenoy S,Darcy MD,Brown DB.Outcomes of neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization to downstage hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation.Ann Surg 2008;248:617-625[PMID:18936575 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818a07d4]
213 De Luna W,Sze DY,Ahmed A,Ha BY,Ayoub W,Keeffe EB,Cooper A,Esquivel C,Nguyen MH.Transarterial chemoinfusion for hepatocellular carcinoma as downstaging therapy and a bridge toward liver transplantation.Am J Transplant 2009;9:1158-1168[PMID:19344435 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02576.x]
214 Yao FY,Mehta N,Flemming J,Dodge J,Hameed B,Fix O,Hirose R,Fidelman N,Kerlan RK,Roberts JP.Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant:long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria.Hepatology 2015;61:1968-1977[PMID:25689978 DOI:10.1002/hep.27752]
215 Park JO,Lee SI,Song SY,Kim K,Kim WS,Jung CW,Park YS,Im YH,Kang WK,Lee MH,Lee KS,Park K.Measuring response in solid tumors:comparison of RECIST and WHO response criteria.Jpn J Clin Oncol 2003;33:533-537[PMID:14623923 DOI:10 .1093/jjco/hyg093]
216 Bruix J,Sherman M,Llovet JM,Beaugrand M,Lencioni R,Burroughs AK,Christensen E,Pagliaro L,Colombo M,Rodés J.Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference.European Association for the Study of the Liver.J Hepatol 2001;35:421-430[PMID:11592607DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00130-1]
217 Lencioni R,Llovet JM.Modified RECIST(m RECIST)assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Semin Liver Dis 2010;30:52-60[PMID:20175033 DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1247132]
218 Llovet JM,Di Bisceglie AM,Bruix J,Kramer BS,Lencioni R,Zhu AX,Sherman M,Schwartz M,Lotze M,Talwalkar J,Gores GJ.Design and endpoints of clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma.J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:698-711[PMID:18477802 DOI:10 .1093/jnci/djn134]
219 Therasse P,Arbuck SG,Eisenhauer EA,Wanders J,Kaplan RS,Rubinstein L,Verweij J,Van Glabbeke M,van Oosterom AT,Christian MC,Gwyther SG.New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors.European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,National Cancer Institute of the United States,National Cancer Institute of Canada.J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:205-216[PMID:10655437 DOI:10.1093/jnci/92.3.205]
220 Raoul JL,Park JW,Kang YK,Finn RS,Kim JS,Yeo W,Polite BN,Chao Y,Walters I,Baudelet C,Lencioni R.Using Modified RECIST and Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels to Assess Treatment Benefit in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver Cancer 2014;3:439-450[PMID:26280005 DOI:10.1159/000343872]
221 Kojiro M,Sugihara S,Kakizoe S,Nakashima O,Kiyomatsu K.Hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change:a special reference to the relationship with anticancer therapy.Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1989;23 Suppl:S4-S8[PMID:2466583DOI:10.1007/BF00647229]
222 Koda M,Maeda Y,Matsunaga Y,Mimura K,Murawaki Y,Horie Y.Hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change arising after radiofrequency ablation for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatol Res 2003;27:163-167[PMID:14563432 DOI:10 .1016/S1386-6346(03)00207-9]
223 Takada Y,Kurata M,Ohkohchi N.Rapid and aggressive recurrence accompanied by portal tumor thrombus after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Int J Clin Oncol 2003;8:332-335[PMID:14586761 DOI:10.1007/s10147-003-0328-6]
224 Zen C,Zen Y,Mitry RR,Corbeil D,KarbanováJ,O’Grady J,Karani J,Kane P,Heaton N,Portmann BC,Quaglia A.Mixed phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization and liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2011;17:943-954[PMID:21491582 DOI:10.1002/lt.22314]
225 Yamamoto N,Okano K,Kushida Y,Deguchi A,Yachida S,Suzuki Y.Clinicopathology of recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas after radiofrequency ablation treated with salvage surgery.Hepatol Res2014;44:1062-1071[PMID:23957810 DOI:10.1111/hepr.12223]
226 Kong J,Kong L,Kong J,Ke S,Gao J,Ding X,Zheng L,Sun H,Sun W.After insufficient radiofrequency ablation,tumorassociated endothelial cells exhibit enhanced angiogenesis and promote invasiveness of residual hepatocellular carcinoma.J Transl Med 2012;10:230[PMID:23171368 DOI:10.1186/1479-5876-10-230]
227 Toso C,Mentha G,Kneteman NM,Majno P.The place of downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2010;52:930-936[PMID:20385428 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.032]
228 Schwartz M.A biomathematical approach to clinical tumor growth.Cancer 1961;14:1272-1294[PMID:13909709]
229 Nakajima T,Moriguchi M,Mitsumoto Y,Katagishi T,Kimura H,Shintani H,Deguchi T,Okanoue T,Kagawa K,Ashihara T.Simple tumor profile chart based on cell kinetic parameters and histologic grade is useful for estimating the natural growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hum Pathol 2002;33:92-99[PMID:11823978 DOI:10.1053/hupa.2002.30194]
230 Okazaki N,Yoshino M,Yoshida T,Suzuki M,Moriyama N,Takayasu K,Makuuchi M,Yamazaki S,Hasegawa H,Noguchi M.Evaluation of the prognosis for small hepatocellular carcinoma based on tumor volume doubling time.A preliminary report.Cancer 1989;63:2207-2210[PMID:2541886]
231 Barbara L,Benzi G,Gaiani S,Fusconi F,Zironi G,Siringo S,Rigamonti A,Barbara C,Grigioni W,Mazziotti A.Natural history of small untreated hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis:a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of tumor growth rate and patient survival.Hepatology 1992;16:132-137[PMID:1352268 DOI:10 .1002/hep.1840160122]
232 Cucchetti A,Vivarelli M,Piscaglia F,Nardo B,Montalti R,Grazi GL,Ravaioli M,La Barba G,Cavallari A,Bolondi L,Pinna AD.Tumor doubling time predicts recurrence after surgery and describes the histological pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis.J Hepatol 2005;43:310-316[PMID:15970351 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.03.014]
233 Kubota K,Ina H,Okada Y,Irie T.Growth rate of primary single hepatocellular carcinoma:determining optimal screening interval with contrast enhanced computed tomography.Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:581-586[PMID:12757173 DOI:10.1023/A:1022505203786]
234 Sheu JC,Sung JL,Chen DS,Yang PM,Lai MY,Lee CS,Hsu HC,Chuang CN,Yang PC,Wang TH.Growth rate of asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical implications.Gastroenterology 1985;89:259-266[PMID:2408960]
235 Ebara M,Ohto M,Shinagawa T,Sugiura N,Kimura K,Matsutani S,Morita M,Saisho H,Tsuchiya Y,Okuda K.Natural history of minute hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than three centimeters complicating cirrhosis.A study in 22 patients.Gastroenterology1986;90:289-298[PMID:2416627]
236 Yoshino M.Growth kinetics of hepatocellular carcinoma.Jpn J Clin Oncol 1983;13:45-52[PMID:6187947]
237 Woo HY,Jang JW,Choi JY,Bae SH,You CR,Rha SE,Lee YJ,Yoon SK,Lee CD.Tumor doubling time after initial response to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:332-339[PMID:20001605 DOI:10.3109/00365520903456573]
2 Jonas S,Bechstein WO,Steinmüller T,Herrmann M,Radke C,Berg T,Settmacher U,Neuhaus P.Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.Hepatology 2001;33:1080-1086[PMID:11343235 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.23561]
3 Hemming AW,Cattral MS,Reed AI,Van Der Werf WJ,Greig PD,Howard RJ.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg 2001;233:652-659[PMID:11323504 DOI:10.1097/00000658-200105000-00009]
4 Llovet JM,Bruix J,Fuster J,Castells A,Garcia-Valdecasas JC,Grande L,Franca A,BrúC,Navasa M,Ayuso MC,SoléM,Real MI,Vilana R,Rimola A,Visa J,Rodés J.Liver transplantation for small hepatocellular carcinoma:the tumor-node-metastasis classification does not have prognostic power.Hepatology 1998;27:1572-1577[PMID:9620329 DOI:10.1002/hep.510270616]
5 Marsh JW,Dvorchik I,Subotin M,Balan V,Rakela J,Popechitelev EP,Subbotin V,Casavilla A,Carr BI,Fung JJ,Iwatsuki S.The prediction of risk of recurrence and time to recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation:a pilot study.Hepatology 1997;26:444-450[PMID:9252157 DOI:10 .1002/hep.510260227]
6 Margarit C,Charco R,Hidalgo E,Allende H,Castells L,Bilbao I.Liver transplantation for malignant diseases:selection and pattern of recurrence.World J Surg 2002;26:257-263[PMID:11865357 DOI:10 .1007/s00268-001-0214-1]
7 Iwatsuki S,Dvorchik I,Marsh JW,Madariaga JR,Carr B,Fung JJ,Starzl TE.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a proposal of a prognostic scoring system.J Am Coll Surg 2000;191:389-394[PMID:11030244 DOI:10.1016/S1072-7515(00)00688-8]
8 Mazzaferro V,Llovet JM,Miceli R,Bhoori S,Schiavo M,Mariani L,Camerini T,Roayaie S,Schwartz ME,Grazi GL,Adam R,Neuhaus P,Salizzoni M,Bruix J,Forner A,De Carlis L,Cillo U,Burroughs AK,Troisi R,Rossi M,Gerunda GE,Lerut J,Belghiti J,Boin I,Gugenheim J,Rochling F,Van Hoek B,Majno P.Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria:a retrospective,exploratory analysis.Lancet Oncol 2009;10:35-43[PMID:19058754 DOI:10 .1016/S1470-2045(08)70284-5]
9 Yao FY,Xiao L,Bass NM,Kerlan R,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:validation of the UCSF-expanded criteria based on preoperative imaging.Am J Transplant 2007;7:2587-2596[PMID:17868066 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01965.x]
10 Llovet JM,Bruix J.Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:Chemoembolization improves survival.Hepatology 2003;37:429-442[PMID:12540794DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50047]
11 Mazzaferro V,Regalia E,Doci R,Andreola S,Pulvirenti A,Bozzetti F,Montalto F,Ammatuna M,Morabito A,Gennari L.Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.N Engl J Med 1996;334:693-699[PMID:8594428 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199603143341104]
12 Sotiropoulos GC,MalagóM,Molmenti E,Paul A,Nadalin S,Brokalaki E,Kühl H,Dirsch O,Lang H,Broelsch CE.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis:is clinical tumor classification before transplantation realistic?Transplantation2 0 0 5;79:4 8 3-4 8 7[P M I D:1 5 7 2 9 1 7 6 D O I:1 0.1 0 9 7/0 1.TP.0000152801.82734.74]
13 Roayaie S,Frischer JS,Emre SH,Fishbein TM,Sheiner PA,Sung M,Miller CM,Schwartz ME.Long-term results with multimodal adjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 centimeters.Ann Surg 2002;235:533-539[PMID:11923610 DOI:10.1097/00000658-200204000-00012]
14 Klintmalm GB.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a registry report of the impact of tumor characteristics on outcome.Ann Surg 1998;228:479-490[PMID:9790338 DOI:10.1097/00000658-199810000-00005]
15 Vitale A,D’Amico F,Frigo AC,Grigoletto F,Brolese A,Zanus G,Neri D,Carraro A,D’Amico FE,Burra P,Russo F,Angeli P,Cillo U.Response to therapy as a criterion for awarding priority to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation.Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:2290-2302[PMID:20217249 DOI:10.1245/s10434-010-0993-4]
16 Bruix J,Sherman M.Management of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology 2005;42:1208-1236[PMID:16250051 DOI:10.1002/hep.20933]
17 Ravaioli M,Grazi GL,Piscaglia F,Trevisani F,Cescon M,Ercolani G,Vivarelli M,Golfieri R,D’Errico Grigioni A,Panzini I,Morelli C,Bernardi M,Bolondi L,Pinna AD.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:results of downstaging in patients initially outside the Milan selection criteria.Am J Transplant 2008;8:2547-2557[PMID:19032223 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02409.x]
18 Yao FY,Ferrell L,Bass NM,Watson JJ,Bacchetti P,Venook A,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival.Hepatology 2001;33:1394-1403[PMID:11391528DOI:10.1053/jhep.2001.24563]
19 Cillo U,Vitale A,Bassanello M,Boccagni P,Brolese A,Zanus G,Burra P,Fagiuoli S,Farinati F,Rugge M,D’Amico DF.Liver transplantation for the treatment of moderately or well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg 2004;239:150-159[PMID:14745321 DOI:10.1097/01.sla.0000109146.72827.76]
20 Duvoux C,Roudot-Thoraval F,Decaens T,Pessione F,Badran H,Piardi T,Francoz C,Compagnon P,Vanlemmens C,Dumortier J,Dharancy S,Gugenheim J,Bernard PH,Adam R,Radenne S,Muscari F,Conti F,Hardwigsen J,Pageaux GP,Chazouillères O,Salame E,Hilleret MN,Lebray P,Abergel A,Debette-Gratien M,Kluger MD,Mallat A,Azoulay D,Cherqui D.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a model includingα-fetoprotein improves the performance of Milan criteria.Gastroenterology 2012;143 :986-994.e3;quiz e14-15[PMID:22750200 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.052]
21 Abelev GI,Perova SD,Khramkova NI,Postnikova ZA,Irlin IS.Production of embryonal alpha-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas.Transplantation 1963;1:174-180[PMID:14010646DOI:10.1097/00007890-196301020-00004]
22 Alpert E,Hershberg R,Schur PH,Isselbacher KJ.-fetoprotein in human hepatoma:improved detection in serum,and quantitative studies using a new sensitive technique.Gastroenterology 1971;61:137-143[PMID:4104961]
23 Kew M.Alpha-fetoprotein in primary liver cancer and other diseases.Gut 1974;15:814-821[PMID:4140084 DOI:10.1136/gut.15.10.814]
24 Chen DS,Sung JL.Serum alphafetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 1977;40:779-783[PMID:70268]
25 Johnson PJ,Portmann B,Williams R.Alpha-fetoprotein concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay in diagnosing and excluding hepatocellular carcinoma.Br Med J 1978;2:661-663[PMID:81086 DOI:10.1136/bmj.2.6138.661]
26 Toso C,Asthana S,Bigam DL,Shapiro AM,Kneteman NM.Reassessing selection criteria prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma utilizing the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database.Hepatology 2009;49:832-838[PMID:19152426 DOI:10.1002/hep.22693]
27 Pomfret EA,Washburn K,Wald C,Nalesnik MA,Douglas D,Russo M,Roberts J,Reich DJ,Schwartz ME,Mieles L,Lee FT,Florman S,Yao F,Harper A,Edwards E,Freeman R,Lake J.Report of a national conference on liver allocation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.Liver Transpl 2010;16:262-278[PMID:20209641 DOI:10.1002/lt.21999]
28 Han K,Tzimas GN,Barkun JS,Metrakos P,Tchervenkov JL,Hilzenrat N,Wong P,Deschênes M.Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein slope is predictive of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation.Can J Gastroenterol 2007;21:39-45[PMID:17225881]
29 Vibert E,Azoulay D,Hoti E,Iacopinelli S,Samuel D,Salloum C,Lemoine A,Bismuth H,Castaing D,Adam R.Progression of alphafetoprotein before liver transplantation for hepatocellular c a r c i n o m a i n c i r r h o t i c p a t i e n t s:a c r i t i c a l f a c t o r.A m J Transplant 2010;10:129-137[PMID:20070666 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02750.x]
30 Todo S,Furukawa H,Tada M.Extending indication:role of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2007;13:S48-S54[PMID:17969069 DOI:10.1002/lt.21334]
31 Berry K,Ioannou GN.Serum alpha-fetoprotein level independently predicts posttransplant survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2013;19:634-645[PMID:23536495 DOI:10 .1002/lt.23652]
32 Mailey B,Artinyan A,Khalili J,Denitz J,Sanchez-Luege N,Sun CL,Bhatia S,Nissen N,Colquhoun SD,Kim J.Evaluation of absolute serumα-fetoprotein levels in liver transplant for hepatocellular cancer.Arch Surg 2011;146:26-33[PMID:21242442DOI:10.1001/archsurg.2010.295]
33 Xiao L,Fu ZR,Ding GS,Fu H,Ni ZJ,Wang ZX,Shi XM,Guo WY.Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma:one center’s experience in China.Transplant Proc 2009;41:1717-1721[PMID:19545714 DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.03.058]
34 Yang Y,Nagano H,Ota H,Morimoto O,Nakamura M,Wada H,Noda T,Damdinsuren B,Marubashi S,Miyamoto A,Takeda Y,Dono K,Umeshita K,Nakamori S,Wakasa K,Sakon M,Monden M.Patterns and clinicopathologic features of extrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.Surgery 2007;141:196-202[PMID:17263976 DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2006.06.033]
35 Wang ZX,Song SH,Teng F,Wang GH,Guo WY,Shi XM,Ma J,Wu YM,Ding GS,Fu ZR.A single-center retrospective analysis of liver transplantation on 255 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Transplant 2010;24:752-757[PMID:20030683 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.01172.x]
36 Onaca N,Davis GL,Jennings LW,Goldstein RM,Klintmalm GB.Improved results of transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:a report from the International Registry of Hepatic Tumors in Liver Transplantation.Liver Transpl 2009;15:574-580[PMID:19479800DOI:10.1002/lt.21738]
37 Sotiropoulos GC,Lang H,Nadalin S,Neuh?user M,Molmenti EP,Baba HA,Paul A,Saner FH,Weber F,Hilgard P,Frilling A,Broelsch CE,MalagóM.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:University Hospital Essen experience and metaanalysis of prognostic factors.J Am Coll Surg 2007;205:661-675[PMID:17964442 DOI:10 .1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.05.023]
38 Lao OB,Weissman J,Perkins JD.Pre-transplant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a lower recurrence after liver transplantation.Clin Transplant 2009;23:874-881[PMID:19453644 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2009.00993.x]
39 Adler M,De Pauw F,Vereerstraeten P,Fancello A,Lerut J,Starkel P,Van Vlierberghe H,Troisi R,Donckier V,Detry O,Delwaide J,Michielsen P,Chapelle T,Pirenne J,Nevens F.Outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma listed for liver transplantation within the Eurotransplant allocation system.Liver Transpl 2008;14:526-533[PMID:18383082 DOI:10.1002/lt.21399]
40 Pérez-Saborido B,de los Galanes SJ,Menéu-Díaz JC,Romero CJ,Elola-Olaso AM,Suárez YF,Valencia VB,Moreno-González E.Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:recurrence pathway and prognostic factors.Transplant Proc 2007;39:2304-2307[PMID:17889172]
41 Fujiki M,Takada Y,Ogura Y,Oike F,Kaido T,Teramukai S,Uemoto S.Significance of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in selection criteria for living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Am J Transplant 2009;9:2362-2371[PMID:19656125 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02783.x]
42 Tamura S,Kato T,Berho M,Misiakos EP,O’Brien C,Reddy KR,Nery JR,Burke GW,Schiff ER,Miller J,Tzakis AG.Impact of histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma on the outcome of liver transplantation.Arch Surg 2001;136:25-30;discussion 31[PMID:11146770 DOI:10.1001/archsurg.136.1.25]
43 Varona MA,Soriano A,Aguirre-Jaime A,Garrido S,Oton E,Diaz D,Portero J,Bravo P,Barrera MA,Perera A.Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation:accuracy of the alpha-fetoprotein model in a single-center experience.Transplant Proc 2015;47:84-89[PMID:25645778DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.12.013]
44 Notarpaolo A,Bizouard G,Gambato M,Montalti R,Magini G,Miglioresi L,Vitale A,Vennarecci G,Ambrosio CD,Burra P.Prediction of Recurrence after Liver Transplantation for HCC:Validation of the AFP Model in an Italian Cohort:Wiley-blackwell111 River st,Hoboken 07030-5774.NJ,USA:Wiley-blackwell,2014:S132-S132[DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(14)61076-X]
45 Hameed B,Mehta N,Sapisochin G,Roberts JP,Yao FY.Alphafetoprotein level>1000 ng/m L as an exclusion criterion for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria.Liver Transpl 2014;20:945-951[PMID:24797281DOI:10.1002/lt.23904]
46 Kondili LA,Lala A,Gunson B,Hubscher S,Olliff S,Elias E,Bramhall S,Mutimer D.Primary hepatocellular cancer in the explanted liver:outcome of transplantation and risk factors for HCC recurrence.Eur J Surg Oncol 2007;33:868-873[PMID:17258882DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(04)90255-3]
47 Merani S,Majno P,Kneteman NM,Berney T,Morel P,Mentha G,Toso C.The impact of waiting list alpha-fetoprotein changes on the outcome of liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2011;55:814-819[PMID:21334400 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.12.040]
48 Hakeem AR,Young RS,Marangoni G,Lodge JP,Prasad KR.Systematic review:the prognostic role of alpha-fetoprotein following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:987-999[PMID:22429190 DOI:10 .1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05060.x]
49 Debruyne EN,Delanghe JR.Diagnosing and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma with alpha-fetoprotein:new aspects and applications.Clin Chim Acta 2008;395:19-26[PMID:18538135DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2008.05.010]
50 Yang GH,Fan J,Xu Y,Qiu SJ,Yang XR,Shi GM,Wu B,Dai Z,Liu YK,Tang ZY,Zhou J.Osteopontin combined with CD44,a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection.Oncologist 2008;13:1155-1165[PMID:18997126 DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0081]
51 Zhang XF,Qi X,Meng B,Liu C,Yu L,Wang B,Lv Y.Prognosis evaluation in alpha-fetoprotein negative hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy:comparison of five staging systems.Eur J Surg Oncol 2010;36:718-724[PMID:20538423 DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2010.05.022]
52 Liebman HA,Furie BC,Tong MJ,Blanchard RA,Lo KJ,Lee SD,Coleman MS,Furie B.Des-gamma-carboxy(abnormal)prothrombin as a serum marker of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.N Engl J Med 1984;310:1427-1431[PMID:6201741 DOI:10.1056/NEJM198405313102204]
53 Fujiyama S,Morishita T,Sagara K,Sato T,Motohara K,Matsuda I.Clinical evaluation of plasma abnormal prothrombin(PIVKA-II)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology1986;33:201-205[PMID:2433199]
54 Fujiyama S,Morishita T,Hashiguchi O,Sato T.Plasma abnormal prothrombin(des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin)as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 1988;61:1621-1628[PMID:2450634]
55 Okuda H,Obata H,Nakanishi T,Furukawa R,Hashimoto E.Production of abnormal prothrombin(des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin)by hepatocellular carcinoma.A clinical and experimental study.J Hepatol 1987;4:357-363[PMID:3036940DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(87)80546-9]
56 Zhou L,Liu J,Luo F.Serum tumor markers for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:1175-1181[PMID:16534867 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i8.1175]
57 Mita Y,Aoyagi Y,Yanagi M,Suda T,Suzuki Y,Asakura H.The usefulness of determining des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin by sensitive enzyme immunoassay in the early diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 1998;82:1643-1648[PMID:9576283]
58 Tanaka Y,Kashiwagi T,Tsutsumi H,Nagasawa M,Toyama T,Ozaki S,Naito M,Ishibashi K,Azuma M.Sensitive measurement of serum abnormal prothrombin(PIVKA-II)as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46:2464-2468[PMID:10522021]
59 Ikoma J,Kaito M,Ishihara T,Nakagawa N,Kamei A,Fujita N,Iwasa M,Tamaki S,Watanabe S,Adachi Y.Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using a sensitive assay for serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin:a prospective study.Hepatogastroenterology 2002;49:235-238[PMID:11941963]
60 Marrero JA,Su GL,Wei W,Emick D,Conjeevaram HS,Fontana RJ,Lok AS.Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin can differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant chronic liver disease in american patients.Hepatology 2003;37:1114-1121[PMID:12717392 DOI:10.1053/jhep.2003.50195]
61 Lok AS,Sterling RK,Everhart JE,Wright EC,Hoefs JC,Di Bisceglie AM,Morgan TR,Kim HY,Lee WM,Bonkovsky HL,Dienstag JL.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alphafetoprotein as biomarkers for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Gastroenterology 2010;138:493-502[PMID:19852963DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.031]
62 PotéN,Cauchy F,Albuquerque M,Voitot H,Belghiti J,Castera L,Puy H,Bedossa P,Paradis V.Performance of PIVKA-II for early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prediction of microvascular invasion.J Hepatol 2015;62:848-854[PMID:25450201 DOI:10 .1016/j.jhep.2014.11.005]
63 Ishii M,Gama H,Chida N,Ueno Y,Shinzawa H,Takagi T,Toyota T,Takahashi T,Kasukawa R.Simultaneous measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma.South Tohoku District Study Group.Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1036-1040[PMID:10763956]
64 Hamamura K,Shiratori Y,Shiina S,Imamura M,Obi S,Sato S,Yoshida H,Omata M.Unique clinical characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who present with high plasma des-gammacarboxy prothrombin and low serum alpha-fetoprotein.Cancer2000;88:1557-1564[PMID:10738213]
65 Kobayashi M,Ikeda K,Kawamura Y,Yatsuji H,Hosaka T,Sezaki H,Akuta N,Suzuki F,Suzuki Y,Saitoh S,Arase Y,Kumada H.High serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level predicts poor prognosis after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer 2009;115:571-580[PMID:19117347]
66 Imamura H,Matsuyama Y,Miyagawa Y,Ishida K,Shimada R,Miyagawa S,Makuuchi M,Kawasaki S.Prognostic significance of anatomical resection and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Br J Surg 1999;86:1032-1038[PMID:10460639 DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1999.01185.x]
67 Sakaguchi T,Suzuki S,Morita Y,Oishi K,Suzuki A,Fukumoto K,Inaba K,Nakamura S,Konno H.Impact of the preoperative desgamma-carboxy prothrombin level on prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria.Surg Today 2010;40:638-645[PMID:20582515 DOI:10.1007/s00595-009-4109-3]
68 Toyoda H,Kumada T,Kaneoka Y,Osaki Y,Kimura T,Arimoto A,Oka H,Yamazaki O,Manabe T,Urano F,Chung H,Kudo M,Matsunaga T.Prognostic value of pretreatment levels of tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma on survival after curative treatment of patients with HCC.J Hepatol 2008;49:223-232[PMID:18571271]
69 Shindoh J,Sugawara Y,Nagata R,Kaneko J,Tamura S,Aoki T,Sakamoto Y,Hasegawa K,Tanaka T,Kokudo N.Evaluation methods for pretransplant oncologic markers and their prognostic impacts in patient undergoing living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Transpl Int 2014;27:391-398[PMID:24472068 DOI:10.1111/tri.12274]
70 Taketomi A,Sanefuji K,Soejima Y,Yoshizumi T,Uhciyama H,Ikegami T,Harada N,Yamashita Y,Sugimachi K,Kayashima H,Iguchi T,Maehara Y.Impact of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and tumor size on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after living donor liver transplantation.Transplantation 2009;87:531-537[PMID:19307789 DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181943bee]
71 Chaiteerakij R,Zhang X,Addissie BD,Mohamed EA,Harmsen WS,Theobald PJ,Peters BE,Balsanek JG,Ward MM,Giama NH,Moser CD,Oseini AM,Umeda N,Venkatesh S,Harnois DM,Charlton MR,Yamada H,Satomura S,Algeciras-Schimnich A,Snyder MR,Therneau TM,Roberts LR.Combinations of biomarkers and Milan criteria for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2015;21:599-606[PMID:25789635]
72 Inagaki Y,Xu HL,Hasegawa K,Aoki T,Beck Y,Sugawara Y,Tang W,Kokudo N.Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis.J Dig Dis 2011;12:481-488[PMID:22118699 DOI:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00521.x]
73 Tang W,Miki K,Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Imamura H,Minagawa M,Yuan LW,Ohnishi S,Makuuchi M.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin in cancer and non-cancer liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Int J Oncol 2003;22:969-975[PMID:12684661 DOI:10.3892/ijo.22.5.969]
74 Tang W,Kokudo N,Sugawara Y,Guo Q,Imamura H,Sano K,Karako H,Qu X,Nakata M,Makuuchi M.Des-gammacarboxyprothrombin expression in cancer and/or non-cancer liver tissues:association with survival of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncol Rep 2005;13:25-30[PMID:15583797 DOI:10.3892/or.13.1.25]
75 Suehiro T,Matsumata T,Itasaka H,Taketomi A,Yamamoto K,Sugimachi K.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and proliferative activity of hepatocellular carcinoma.Surgery 1995;117:682-691[PMID:7539944 DOI:10.1016/S0039-6060(95)80013-1]
76 Miyaaki H,Nakashima O,Kurogi M,Eguchi K,Kojiro M.Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin K absence II are potential indicators of a poor prognosis:a histopathological study of surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma.J Gastroenterol 2007;42:962-968[PMID:18085353]
77 Suzuki M,Shiraha H,Fujikawa T,Takaoka N,Ueda N,Nakanishi Y,Koike K,Takaki A,Shiratori Y.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin is a potential autologous growth factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.JBiol Chem 2005;280:6409-6415[PMID:15582995 DOI:10.1074/jbc.M406714200]
78 Fujikawa T,Shiraha H,Ueda N,Takaoka N,Nakanishi Y,Matsuo N,Tanaka S,Nishina S,Suzuki M,Takaki A,Sakaguchi K,Shiratori Y.Des-gamma-carboxyl prothrombin-promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration.J Biol Chem 2007;282:8741-8748[PMID:17255102]
79 Wang SB,Cheng YN,Cui SX,Zhong JL,Ward SG,Sun LR,Chen MH,Kokudo N,Tang W,Qu XJ.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin stimulates human vascular endothelial cell growth and migration.Clin Exp Metastasis 2009;26:469-477[PMID:19263229 DOI:10 .1007/s10585-009-9246-y]
80 Gao FJ,Cui SX,Chen MH,Cheng YN,Sun LR,Ward SG,Kokudo N,Tang W,Qu XJ.Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin increases the expression of angiogenic factors in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Life Sci 2008;83:815-820[PMID:18976674 DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2008.10.003]
81 Funaki NO,Tanaka J,Seto SI,Kasamatsu T,Kaido T,Imamura M.Hematogenous spreading of hepatocellular carcinoma cells:possible participation in recurrence in the liver.Hepatology 1997;25:564-568[PMID:9049199 DOI:10.1002/hep.510250312]
82 Yao F,Guo JM,Xu CF,Lou YL,Xiao BX,Zhou WH,Chen J,Hu YR,Liu Z,Hong GF.Detecting AFP m RNA in peripheral blood of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,liver cirrhosis and hepatitis.Clin Chim Acta 2005;361:119-127[PMID:15993394DOI:10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.005]
83 Cillo U,Vitale A,Navaglia F,Basso D,Montin U,Bassanello M,D’Amico F,Ciarleglio FA,Brolese A,Zanus G,De Pascale V,Plebani M,D’Amico DF.Role of blood AFP m RNA and tumor grade in the preoperative prognostic evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:6920-6925[PMID:16437593 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v11.i44.6920]
84 Marubashi S,Dono K,Nagano H,Sugita Y,Asaoka T,Hama N,Miyamoto A,Takeda Y,Umeshita K,Monden M.Detection of AFP m RNA-expressing cells in the peripheral blood for prediction of HCC recurrence after living donor liver transplantation.Transpl Int 2007;20:576-582[PMID:17425725 DOI:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2007.00480.x]
85 Ijichi M,Takayama T,Matsumura M,Shiratori Y,Omata M,Makuuchi M.alpha-Fetoprotein m RNA in the circulation as a predictor of postsurgical recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma:a prospective study.Hepatology 2002;35:853-860[PMID:11915031DOI:10.1053/jhep.2002.32100]
86 Toso C,Mentha G,Majno P.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:five steps to prevent recurrence.Am J Transplant 2011;11:2031-2035[PMID:21831154 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03689.x]
87 Kuromatsu R,Tanaka M,Tanikawa K.Serum alpha-fetoprotein and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver 1993;13:177-182[PMID:7690873 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00627.x]
88 Taketa K,Endo Y,Sekiya C,Tanikawa K,Koji T,Taga H,Satomura S,Matsuura S,Kawai T,Hirai H.A collaborative study for the evaluation of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoproteins in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer Res 1993;53:5419-5423[PMID:7693340]
89 Taketa K.Alpha-fetoprotein:reevaluation in hepatology.Hepatology 1990;12:1420-1432[PMID:1701754 DOI:10.1002/hep.1840120625]
90 Sato Y,Nakata K,Kato Y,Shima M,Ishii N,Koji T,Taketa K,Endo Y,Nagataki S.Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma based on altered profiles of alpha-fetoprotein.N Engl J Med 1993;328:1802-1806[PMID:7684823 DOI:10.1056/NEJM199306243282502]
91 Song BC,Suh DJ,Yang SH,Lee HC,Chung YH,Sung KB,Lee YS.Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein as a prognostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;35:398-402[PMID:12394228 DOI:10.1097/00004836-200211000-00008]
92 Kobayashi M,Hosaka T,Ikeda K,Seko Y,Kawamura Y,Sezaki H,Akuta N,Suzuki F,Suzuki Y,Saitoh S,Arase Y,Kumada H.Highly sensitive AFP-L3%assay is useful for predicting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment pre-and postoperatively.Hepatol Res 2011;41:1036-1045[PMID:21883741DOI:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2011.00858.x]
93 Beppu T,Sugimoto K,Shiraki K,Tameda M,Kusagawa S,Nojiri K,Tanaka J,Yamamoto N,Takei Y,Takaki H,Uraki J,Nakatsuka A,Yamakado K,Takeda K.Clinical significance of tumor markers in detection of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation.Int J Mol Med 2010;26:425-433[PMID:20664960]
94 Saito Y,Shimada M,Utsunomiya T,Morine Y,Imura S,Ikemoto T,Mori H,Hanaoka J,Yamada S,Asanoma M.Prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy using preoperative Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein.Hepatol Res 2012;42:887-894[PMID:22524419DOI:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01004.x]
95 Kobayashi M,Kuroiwa T,Suda T,Tamura Y,Kawai H,Igarashi M,Fukuhara Y,Aoyagi Y.Fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein,L3,as a useful prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to low concentrations of serum alpha-fetoprotein.Hepatol Res 2007;37:914-922[PMID:17610501DOI:10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00147.x]
96 Nouso K,Kobayashi Y,Nakamura S,Kobayashi S,Takayama H,Toshimori J,Kuwaki K,Hagihara H,Onishi H,Miyake Y,Ikeda F,Shiraha H,Takaki A,Iwasaki Y,Kobashi H,Yamamoto K.Prognostic importance of fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with low alpha-fetoprotein.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:1195-1200[PMID:21410750 DOI:10 .1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06720.x]
97 Kusaba T.Relationship between Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive alpha-fetoprotein and biological features of hepatocellular carcinoma.Kurume Med J 1998;45:113-120[PMID:9658760 DOI:10 .2739/kurumemedj.45.113]
98 Pan C,Wang X,Chen W,Tao C,Xu X,Jin L,Chen Y,Zhu L,Zhou L,Pan Z.Reevaluation of glypican-3 as a prognostic marker in HCC using X-tile software.Med Oncol 2015;32:359[PMID:25432695DOI:10.1007/s12032-014-0359-z]
99 Fu SJ,Qi CY,Xiao WK,Li SQ,Peng BG,Liang LJ.Glypican-3 is a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.Surgery 2013;154:536-544[PMID:23601901DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2013.02.014]
100 Xiao WK,Qi CY,Chen D,Li SQ,Fu SJ,Peng BG,Liang LJ.Prognostic significance of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis.BMC Cancer 2014;14:104[PMID:24548704 DOI:10 .1186/1471-2407-14-104]
101 Wang YL,Zhu ZJ,Teng DH,Yao Z,Gao W,Shen ZY.Glypican-3expression and its relationship with recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation.World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:2408-2414[PMID:22654434 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v18.i19.2408]
102 Li J,Gao JZ,Du JL,Wei LX.Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of glypican-3 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis.World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:6336-6344[PMID:24876756 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6336]
103 Oya H,Sato Y,Yamamoto S,Nakatsuka H,Kobayashi T,Hara Y,Waguri N,Suda T,Aoyagi Y,Hatakeyama K.Comparison between human-telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA and alpha-fetoprotein m RNA as a predictive value for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation.Transplant Proc2006;38:3636-3639[PMID:17175353 DOI:10.1016/j.transprocee d.2006.10.172]
104 Sato Y,Yamamoto S,Oya H,Nakatsuka H,Kobayashi T,Takeishi T,Hirano K,Hara Y,Watanabe T,Waguri N,Suda T,Ichida T,Aoyagi Y,Hatakeyama K.Preoperative human-telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA in peripheral blood and tumor recurrence in living-related liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology 2005;52:1325-1328[PMID:16201066]
105 Kong SY,Park JW,Kim JO,Lee NO,Lee JA,Park KW,HongEK,Kim CM.Alpha-fetoprotein and human telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA levels in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009;135:1091-1098[PMID:19184104 DOI:10.1007/s00432-009-0549-9]
106 Kim YD,Hwang S,Lee YJ,Kim KH,Ahn CS,Park KM,Moon DB,Ha TY,Song GW,Jung DH,Park SR,Hong HN,Lee SG.Preoperative peripheral blood human telomerase reverse transcriptase m RNA concentration is not a prognostic factor for resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatogastroenterology2012;59:1512-1515[PMID:22683968 DOI:10.5754/hge10342]
107 Zhou Y,Ma X,Wu J,Zhang C,Wang B,Song B,Guo W,Pan B.[Preoperative serumα-1-fucosidase as an early-recurrent indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma following curative resection].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014;94:3623-3628[PMID:25622951]
108 Wang K,Guo W,Li N,Shi J,Zhang C,Lau WY,Wu M,Cheng S.Alpha-1-fucosidase as a prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy:a large-scale,long-term study.Br J Cancer 2014;110:1811-1819[PMID:24569461 DOI:10.1038/bjc.2014.102]
109 Dituri F,Serio G,Filannino D,Mascolo A,Sacco R,Villa E,Giannelli G.Circulating TGF-β1-related biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their association with HCC staging scores.Cancer Lett 2014;353:264-271[PMID:25088578 DOI:10 .1016/j.canlet.2014.07.029]
110 Bedossa P,Peltier E,Terris B,Franco D,Poynard T.Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-beta 1)and TGF-beta 1 receptors in normal,cirrhotic,and neoplastic human livers.Hepatology 1995;21:760-766[PMID:7875675]
111 Ji F,Fu SJ,Shen SL,Zhang LJ,Cao QH,Li SQ,Peng BG,Liang LJ,Hua YP.The prognostic value of combined TGF-β1 and ELF in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC Cancer 2015;15:116[PMID:25880619 DOI:10.1186/s12885-015-1127-y]
112 Giannelli G,Mazzocca A,Fransvea E,Lahn M,Antonaci S.Inhibiting TGF-βsignaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.Biochim Biophys Acta 2011;1815:214-223[PMID:21129443 DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.004]
113 Dong ZZ,Yao DF,Yao M,Qiu LW,Zong L,Wu W,Wu XH,Yao DB,Meng XY.Clinical impact of plasma TGF-beta1 and circulating TGF-beta1 m RNA in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2008;7:288-295[PMID:18522884]
114 Wang L,Yao M,Dong Z,Zhang Y,Yao D.Circulating specific biomarkers in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its metastasis monitoring.Tumour Biol 2014;35:9-20[PMID:24006223 DOI:10.1007/s13277-013-1141-0]
115 Farinati F,Giacomin A.Marcatori bioumorali e molecolari dell’epatocarcinoma.Proceedings of the 23rd Inter-regional conference on gastrointestinal clinical pathology;2008 May 29-30;Altavilla Vicentina,Vicenza,Italy.RIMe L-IJLa M,Vol 4,N.2,2008.Available from:URL:http://www.sipmel.it/it/riviste/articolopdf.php/2406
116 Zhu J,Jiang F,Ni HB,Xiao MB,Chen BY,Ni WK,Lu CH,Ni RZ.Combined analysis of serumγ-glutamyl transferase isoenzyme II,α-L-fucosidase andα-fetoprotein detected using a commercial kit in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Exp Ther Med 2013;5:89-94[PMID:23251247]
117 Yoon SK,Lim NK,Ha SA,Park YG,Choi JY,Chung KW,Sun HS,Choi MJ,Chung J,Wands JR,Kim JW.The human cervical cancer oncogene protein is a biomarker for human hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer Res 2004;64:5434-5441[PMID:15289352DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3665]
118 Rasool M,Rashid S,Arooj M,Ansari SA,Khan KM,Malik A,Naseer MI,Zahid S,Manan A,Asif M,Razzaq Z,Ashraf S,Qazi MH,Iqbal Z,Gan SH,Kamal MA,Sheikh IA.New possibilities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.Anticancer Res 2014;34:1563-1571[PMID:24692683]
119 Chiappini F.Circulating tumor cells measurements in hepatocellular carcinoma.Int J Hepatol 2012;2012:684802[PMID:22690340DOI:10.1155/2012/684802]
120 Olaya N,Chiappini F.Hepatocellular Carcinoma:Methods of Circulating Tumor Cells(CTC)Measurements.INTECH Open Access,2012
121 Reim M,Grodau K,Kuhr M.Proceedings:Hexokinase activity and corneal nutrition.Exp Eye Res 1975;20:179[PMID:1122968 DOI:10 .1016/S0140-6736(00)04046-0]
122 Cescon M,Bertuzzo VR,Ercolani G,Ravaioli M,Odaldi F,Pinna AD.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:role of inflammatory and immunological state on recurrence and prognosis.World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:9174-9182[PMID:24409045 DOI:10 .3748/wjg.v19.i48.9174]
123 Halazun KJ,Hardy MA,Rana AA,Woodland DC,Luyten EJ,Mahadev S,Witkowski P,Siegel AB,Brown RS,Emond JC.Negative impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg 2009;250:141-151[PMID:19561458 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181a77e59]
124 Walsh SR,Cook EJ,Goulder F,Justin TA,Keeling NJ.Neutrophillymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.J Surg Oncol 2005;91:181-184[PMID:16118772 DOI:10.1002/jso.20329]
125 Halazun KJ,Aldoori A,Malik HZ,Al-Mukhtar A,Prasad KR,Toogood GJ,Lodge JP.Elevated preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts survival following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases.Eur J Surg Oncol 2008;34:55-60[PMID:17448623 DOI:10.1016/j.ejso.2007.02.014]
126 Tanigawa N,Amaya H,Matsumura M,Shimomatsuya T.Correlation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor vascularity,and patient outcome in human gastric carcinoma.J Clin Oncol 1997;15:826-832[PMID:9053510]
127 Kusumanto YH,Dam WA,Hospers GA,Meijer C,Mulder NH.Platelets and granulocytes,in particular the neutrophils,form important compartments for circulating vascular endothelial growth factor.Angiogenesis 2003;6:283-287[PMID:15166496]
128 Unitt E,Marshall A,Gelson W,Rushbrook SM,Davies S,Vowler SL,Morris LS,Coleman N,Alexander GJ.Tumour lymphocytic infiltrate and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation.J Hepatol 2006;45:246-253[PMID:16580084DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.12.027]
129 Xiao GQ,Liu C,Liu DL,Yang JY,Yan LN.Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:8398-8407[PMID:24363533 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v19.i45.8398]
130 Wang GY,Yang Y,Li H,Zhang J,Jiang N,Li MR,Zhu HB,Zhang Q,Chen GH.A scoring model based on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.PLo S One 2011;6:e25295[PMID:21966488 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0025295]
131 Bertuzzo VR,Cescon M,Ravaioli M,Grazi GL,Ercolani G,Del Gaudio M,Cucchetti A,D’Errico-Grigioni A,Golfieri R,Pinna AD.Analysis of factors affecting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation with a special focus on inflammation markers.Transplantation 2011;91:1279-1285[PMID:21617590DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e3182187cf0]
132 Limaye AR,Clark V,Soldevila-Pico C,Morelli G,Suman A,Firpi R,Nelson DR,Cabrera R.Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts overall and recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatol Res 2013;43:757-764[PMID:23193965 DOI:10.1111/hepr.12019]
133 Xiao WK,Chen D,Li SQ,Fu SJ,Peng BG,Liang LJ.Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis.BMC Cancer 2014;14:117[PMID:24559042 DOI:10.1186/1471-2407-14-117]
134 Parisi I,Tsochatzis E,Wijewantha H,Rodríguez-Perálvarez M,De Luca L,Manousou P,Fatourou E,Pieri G,Papastergiou V,Davies N,Yu D,Luong T,Dhillon AP,Thorburn D,Patch D,O’Beirne J,Meyer T,Burroughs AK.Inflammation-based scores do not predict post-transplant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients within Milan criteria.Liver Transpl 2014;20:1327-1335[PMID:25088400 DOI:10.1002/lt.23969]
135 Lai Q,Lerut J.Reply to‘neutrophil and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio:new predictors of dropout and recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer?’.Transpl Int 2014;27:e82-e83[PMID:24628991 DOI:10.1111/tri.12191]
136 Xia W,Ke Q,Wang Y,Wang W,Zhang M,Shen Y,Wu J,Xu X,Zheng S.Predictive value of pre-transplant platelet to lymphocyte ratio for hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation.World J Surg Oncol 2015;13:60[PMID:25885777DOI:10.1186/s12957-015-0472-2]
137 Argilés JM,Busquets S,López-Soriano FJ.Cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003;6:401-406[PMID:12806213 DOI:10.1097/01.mco.0000078983.18774.cc]
138 Chan AW,Chan SL,Wong GL,Wong VW,Chong CC,Lai PB,Chan HL,To KF.Prognostic Nutritional Index(PNI)Predicts Tumor Recurrence of Very Early/Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Surgical Resection.Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:4138-4148[PMID:25801356 DOI:10.1245/s10434-015-4516-1]
139 Toyoda H,Kumada T,Kiriyama S,Sone Y,Tanikawa M,Hisanaga Y,Yamaguchi A,Isogai M,Kaneoka Y,Washizu J.Prognostic significance of simultaneous measurement of three tumor markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:111-117[PMID:16431313 DOI:10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00855-4]
140 Fox R,Berhane S,Teng M,Cox T,Tada T,Toyoda H,Kumada T,Kagebayashi C,Satomura S,Johnson PJ.Biomarker-based prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma:validation and extension of the BALAD model.Br J Cancer 2014;110:2090-2098[PMID:24691419 DOI:10 .1038/bjc.2014.130]
141 Kiriyama S,Uchiyama K,Ueno M,Ozawa S,Hayami S,Tani M,Yamaue H.Triple positive tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma are useful predictors of poor survival.Ann Surg 2011;254:984-991[PMID:21606837 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182215016]
142 Li X,Yang W,Lou L,Chen Y,Wu S,Ding G.micro RNA:a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.Dig Dis Sci 2014;59:1099-1107[PMID:24390674 DOI:10.1007/s10620-013-3006-1]
143 Criss WE.A review of isozymes in cancer.Cancer Res 1971;31:1523-1542[PMID:4399291]
144 Khan MA,Combs CS,Brunt EM,Lowe VJ,Wolverson MK,Solomon H,Collins BT,Di Bisceglie AM.Positron emission tomography scanning in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2000;32:792-797[PMID:10845666 DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80248-2]
145 Sugiyama M,Sakahara H,Torizuka T,Kanno T,Nakamura F,Futatsubashi M,Nakamura S.18F-FDG PET in the detection of extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma.J Gastroenterol 2004;39:961-968[PMID:15549449 DOI:10.1007/s00535-004-1427-5]
146 Yang SH,Suh KS,Lee HW,Cho EH,Cho JY,Cho YB,Yi NJ,Lee KU.The role of(18)F-FDG-PET imaging for the selection of liver transplantation candidates among hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Liver Transpl 2006;12:1655-1660[PMID:16964589 DOI:10 .1002/lt.20861]
147 Kornberg A,Freesmeyer M,B?rthel E,Jandt K,Katenkamp K,Steenbeck J,Sappler A,Habrecht O,Gottschild D,Settmacher U.18 F-FDG-uptake of hepatocellular carcinoma on PET predicts microvascular tumor invasion in liver transplant patients.Am J Transplant 2009;9:592-600[PMID:19191771 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02516.x]
148 Kornberg A,Küpper B,Tannapfel A,Büchler P,Krause B,Witt U,Gottschild D,Friess H.Patients with non-[18 F]fludeoxyglucose-avid advanced hepatocellular carcinoma on clinical staging may achieve long-term recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2012;18:53-61[PMID:21850692 DOI:10.1002/lt.22416]
149 Lee SD,Kim SH,Kim SK,Kim YK,Park SJ.Clinical Impact of18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Transplantation 2015;99:2142-2149[PMID:25905981 DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000000719]
150 Torizuka T,Tamaki N,Inokuma T,Magata Y,Sasayama S,Yonekura Y,Tanaka A,Yamaoka Y,Yamamoto K,Konishi J.In vivo assessment of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma with FDG-PET.J Nucl Med 1995;36:1811-1817[PMID:7562048]
151 Ho CL,Yu SC,Yeung DW.11C-acetate PET imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver masses.J Nucl Med 2003;44:213-221[PMID:12571212]
152 Jadvar H.Hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:potential role of other positron emission tomography radiotracers.Semin Nucl Med 2012;42:247-254[PMID:22681673 DOI:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2012.02.001]
153 Talbot JN,Fartoux L,Balogova S,Nataf V,Kerrou K,Gutman F,Huchet V,Ancel D,Grange JD,Rosmorduc O.Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with PET/CT:a prospective comparison of18 F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease.J Nucl Med 2010;51:1699-1706[PMID:20956466DOI:10.2967/jnumed.110.075507]
154 Asman Y,Evenson AR,Even-Sapir E,Shibolet O.[18F]fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography as a prognostic tool before liver transplantation,resection,and locoablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2015;21:572-580[PMID:25644857 DOI:10.1002/lt.24083]
155 Cheung TT,Ho CL,Lo CM,Chen S,Chan SC,Chok KS,Fung JY,Yan Chan AC,Sharr W,Yau T,Poon RT,Fan ST.11C-acetate and18 F-FDG PET/CT for clinical staging and selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation on the basis of Milan criteria:surgeon’s perspective.J Nucl Med 2013;54:192-200[PMID:23321459 DOI:10.2967/jnumed.112.107516]
156 Wu HB,Wang QS,Li BY,Li HS,Zhou WL,Wang QY.F-18FDG in conjunction with 11C-choline PET/CT in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Clin Nucl Med 2011;36:1092-1097[PMID:22064078 DOI:10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182335df4]
157 Buchbender C,Heusner TA,Lauenstein TC,Bockisch A,Antoch G.Oncologic PET/MRI,part 1:tumors of the brain,head and neck,chest,abdomen,and pelvis.J Nucl Med 2012;53:928-938[PMID:22582048 DOI:10.2967/jnumed.112.105338]
158 Lauwers GY,Terris B,Balis UJ,Batts KP,Regimbeau JM,Chang Y,Graeme-Cook F,Yamabe H,Ikai I,Cleary KR,Fujita S,Flejou JF,Zukerberg LR,Nagorney DM,Belghiti J,Yamaoka Y,Vauthey JN.Prognostic histologic indicators of curatively resected hepatocellular carcinomas:a multi-institutional analysis of 425 patients with definition of a histologic prognostic index.Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:25-34[PMID:11756766 DOI:10.1097/00000478-200201000-00003]
159 Yamanaka J,Yamanaka N,Nakasho K,Tanaka T,Ando T,Yasui C,Kuroda N,Takata M,Maeda S,Matsushita K,Uematsu K,Okamoto E.Clinicopathologic analysis of stage II-III hepatocellular carcinoma showing early massive recurrence after liver resection.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:1192-1198[PMID:11106101 DOI:10 .1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02323.x]
160 Esnaola NF,Lauwers GY,Mirza NQ,Nagorney DM,Doherty D,Ikai I,Yamaoka Y,Regimbeau JM,Belghiti J,Curley SA,Ellis LM,Vauthey JN.Predictors of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation.J Gastrointest Surg 2002;6:224-232;discussion232[PMID:11992808 DOI:10.1016/S1091-255X(01)00015-4]
161 Du Bay D,Sandroussi C,Sandhu L,Cleary S,Guba M,Cattral MS,Mc Gilvray I,Ghanekar A,Selzner M,Greig PD,Grant DR.Liver transplantation for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using poor tumor differentiation on biopsy as an exclusion criterion.Ann Surg 2011;253:166-172[PMID:21294289 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31820508f1]
162 Pawlik TM,Gleisner AL,Anders RA,Assumpcao L,Maley W,Choti MA.Preoperative assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor grade using needle biopsy:implications for transplant eligibility.Ann Surg 2007;245:435-442[PMID:17435551 DOI:10 .1097/01.sla.0000250420.73854.ad]
163 Kenmochi K,Sugihara S,Kojiro M.Relationship of histologicgrade of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)to tumor size,and demonstration of tumor cells of multiple different grades in single small HCC.Liver 1987;7:18-26[PMID:3033422 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00310.x]
164 Sugihara S,Nakashima O,Kojiro M,Majima Y,Tanaka M,Tanikawa K.The morphologic transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.A comparison of the individual histologic features disclosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy with those of autopsy.Cancer 1992;70:1488-1492[PMID:1325272]
165 Edmondson HA,Steiner PE.Primary carcinoma of the liver:a study of 100 cases among 48,900 necropsies.Cancer 1954;7:462-503[PMID:13160935]
166 Huang P,Lai Y.Effective segmentation and classification for HCC biopsy images.Patt Recogt 2010;43:1550-1563[DOI:10.1016/j.patcog.2009.10.014]
167 K ulesza P,Torbenson M,Sheth S,Erozan YS,Ali SZ.Cytopathologic grading of hepatocellular carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration.Cancer 2004;102:247-258[PMID:15368317 DOI:10 .1002/cncr.20409]
168 Myers RP,Fong A,Shaheen AA.Utilization rates,complications and costs of percutaneous liver biopsy:a population-based study including 4275 biopsies.Liver Int 2008;28:705-712[PMID:18433397 DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01691.x]
169 Durand F,Belghiti J,Paradis V.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:role of biopsy.Liver Transpl 2007;13:S17-S23[PMID:17969095 DOI:10.1002/lt.21326]
170 Yu SC,Lo DY,Ip CB,Liew CT,Leung TW,Lau WY.Does percutaneous liver biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma cause hematogenous dissemination?An in vivo study with quantitative assay of circulating tumor DNA using methylation-specific realtime polymerase chain reaction.AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:383-385[PMID:15269029 DOI:10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830383]
171 Colecchia A,Scaioli E,Montrone L,Vestito A,Di Biase AR,Pieri M,D’Errico-Grigioni A,Bacchi-Reggiani ML,Ravaioli M,Grazi GL,Festi D.Pre-operative liver biopsy in cirrhotic patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma represents a safe and accurate diagnostic tool for tumour grading assessment.J Hepatol 2011;54:300-305[PMID:21056498 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.037]
172 Streba LAM,Streba CT,Georgescu EF.Risks and Benefits of Liver Biopsy in Focal Liver Disease.INTECH Open Access,2012[DOI:10 .5772/52620]
173 Denzer U,Arnoldy A,Kanzler S,Galle PR,Dienes HP,Lohse AW.Prospective randomized comparison of minilaparoscopy and percutaneous liver biopsy:diagnosis of cirrhosis and complications.J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41:103-110[PMID:17198072 DOI:10 .1097/01.mcg.0000225612.86846.82]
174 Helmreich-Becker I,Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH,Lohse AW.Safety and feasibility of a new minimally invasive diagnostic laparoscopy technique.Endoscopy 1998;30:756-762[PMID:9932754 DOI:10.1055/s-2007-1001417]
175 European Association For The Study Of The Liver;European Organisation For Research And Treatment Of Cancer.EASLEORTC clinical practice guidelines:management of hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2012;56:908-943[PMID:22424438 DOI:10 .1016/j.jhep.2011.12.001]
176 De Risi J,Penland L,Brown PO,Bittner ML,Meltzer PS,Ray M,Chen Y,Su YA,Trent JM.Use of a c DNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer.Nat Genet 1996;14:457-460[PMID:8944026 DOI:10.1038/ng1296-457]
177 Pinyol R,Nault JC,Quetglas IM,Zucman-Rossi J,Llovet JM.Molecular profiling of liver tumors:classification and clinical translation for decision making.Semin Liver Dis 2014;34:363-375[PMID:25369299 DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1394137]
178 Ho MC,Lin JJ,Chen CN,Chen CC,Lee H,Yang CY,Ni YH,Chang KJ,Hsu HC,Hsieh FJ,Lee PH.A gene expression profile for vascular invasion can predict the recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma:a microarray approach.Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1474-1484[PMID:17009164 DOI:10.1245/s10434-006-9057-1]
179 Ye QH,Qin LX,Forgues M,He P,Kim JW,Peng AC,Simon R,Li Y,Robles AI,Chen Y,Ma ZC,Wu ZQ,Ye SL,Liu YK,Tang ZY,Wang XW.Predicting hepatitis B virus-positive metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas using gene expression profiling and supervised machine learning.Nat Med 2003;9:416-423[PMID:12640447 DOI:10 .1038/nm843]
180 Chen X,Cheung ST,So S,Fan ST,Barry C,Higgins J,Lai KM,Ji J,Dudoit S,Ng IO,Van De Rijn M,Botstein D,Brown PO.Gene expression patterns in human liver cancers.Mol Biol Cell 2002;13:1929-1939[PMID:12058060 DOI:10.1091/mbc.02-02-0023]
181 Villa E,Critelli R,Lei B,Marzocchi G,Camma C,Giannelli G,Pontisso P,Cabibbo G,Enea M,Colopi S,Caporali C,Pollicino T,Milosa F,Karampatou A,Todesca P,Bertolini E,Maccio L,Martinez-Chantar ML,Turola E,Del Buono M,De Maria N,Ballestri S,Schepis F,Loria P,Enrico Gerunda G,Losi L,Cillo U.Neoangiogenesis-related genes are hallmarks of fast-growing hepatocellular carcinomas and worst survival.Results from a prospective study.Gut 2015;Epub ahead of print[PMID:25666192]
182 Iizuka N,Oka M,Yamada-Okabe H,Nishida M,Maeda Y,Mori N,Takao T,Tamesa T,Tangoku A,Tabuchi H,Hamada K,Nakayama H,Ishitsuka H,Miyamoto T,Hirabayashi A,Uchimura S,Hamamoto Y.Oligonucleotide microarray for prediction of early intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.Lancet 2003;361:923-929[PMID:12648972]
183 Lee JS,Chu IS,Heo J,Calvisi DF,Sun Z,Roskams T,Durnez A,Demetris AJ,Thorgeirsson SS.Classification and prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by gene expression profiling.Hepatology 2004;40:667-676[PMID:15349906 DOI:10.1002/hep.20375]
184 Hoshida Y,Villanueva A,Kobayashi M,Peix J,Chiang DY,Camargo A,Gupta S,Moore J,Wrobel MJ,Lerner J,Reich M,Chan JA,Glickman JN,Ikeda K,Hashimoto M,Watanabe G,Daidone MG,Roayaie S,Schwartz M,Thung S,Salvesen HB,Gabriel S,Mazzaferro V,Bruix J,Friedman SL,Kumada H,Llovet JM,Golub TR.Gene expression in fixed tissues and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma.N Engl J Med 2008;359:1995-2004[PMID:18923165DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0804525]
185 Huang YS,Dai Y,Yu XF,Bao SY,Yin YB,Tang M,Hu CX.Microarray analysis of micro RNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-tumorous tissues without viral hepatitis.J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:87-94[PMID:18171346 DOI:10 .1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05223.x]
186 Mah WC,Lee CG.DNA methylation:potential biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomark Res 2014;2:5[PMID:24635883 DOI:10.1186/2050-7771-2-5]
187 Millonig G,Graziadei IW,Freund MC,Jaschke W,Stadlmann S,Ladurner R,Margreiter R,Vogel W.Response to preoperative chemoembolization correlates with outcome after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2007;13:272-279[PMID:17256758 DOI:10.1002/lt.21033]
188 Majno PE,Adam R,Bismuth H,Castaing D,Ariche A,Krissat J,Perrin H,Azoulay D.Influence of preoperative transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization on resection and transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.Ann Surg 1997;226 :688-701;discussion 701-703[PMID:9409568 DOI:10.1097/00000658-199712000-00006]
189 Herrero JI,Sangro B,Quiroga J,Pardo F,Herraiz M,Cienfuegos JA,Prieto J.Influence of tumor characteristics on the outcome of liver transplantation among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2001;7:631-636[PMID:11460231 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2001.25458]
190 Graziadei IW,Sandmueller H,Waldenberger P,Koenigsrainer A,Nachbaur K,Jaschke W,Margreiter R,Vogel W.Chemoembolization followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma impedes tumor progression while on the waiting list and leads to excellent outcome.Liver Transpl 2003;9:557-563[PMID:12783395 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2003.50106]
191 Yao FY,Bass NM,Nikolai B,Merriman R,Davern TJ,Kerlan R,Ascher NL,Roberts JP.A follow-up analysis of the pattern andpredictors of dropout from the waiting list for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:implications for the current organ allocation policy.Liver Transpl 2003;9:684-692[PMID:12827553 DOI:10.1053/jlts.2003.50147]
192 Hayashi PH,Trotter JF,Forman L,Kugelmas M,Steinberg T,Russ P,Wachs M,Bak T,Kam I,Everson GT.Impact of pretransplant diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma on cadveric liver allocation in the era of MELD.Liver Transpl 2004;10:42-48[PMID:14755776DOI:10.1002/lt.20020]
193 Fisher RA,Maluf D,Cotterell AH,Stravitz T,Wolfe L,Luketic V,Sterling R,Shiffman M,Posner M.Non-resective ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:effectiveness measured by intention-to-treat and dropout from liver transplant waiting list.Clin Transplant 2004;18:502-512[PMID:15344951 DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2004.00196.x]
194 Maddala YK,Stadheim L,Andrews JC,Burgart LJ,Rosen CB,Kremers WK,Gores G.Drop-out rates of patients with hepatocellular cancer listed for liver transplantation:outcome with chemoembolization.Liver Transpl 2004;10:449-455[PMID:15004776]
195 Otto G,Herber S,Heise M,Lohse AW,M?nch C,Bittinger F,Hoppe-Lotichius M,Schuchmann M,Victor A,Pitton M.Response to transarterial chemoembolization as a biological selection criterion for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl2006;12:1260-1267[PMID:16826556]
196 Porrett PM,Peterman H,Rosen M,Sonnad S,Soulen M,Markmann JF,Shaked A,Furth E,Reddy KR,Olthoff K.Lack of benefit of pre-transplant locoregional hepatic therapy for hepatocellular cancer in the current MELD era.Liver Transpl 2006;12:665-673[PMID:16482577 DOI:10.1002/lt.20636]
197 Huo TI,Lin HC,Huo SC,Lee PC,Wu JC,Lee FY,Hou MC,Lee SD.Comparison of four model for end-stage liver disease-based prognostic systems for cirrhosis.Liver Transpl 2008;14:837-844[PMID:18508377 DOI:10.1002/lt.21439]
198 De Giorgio M,Vezzoli S,Cohen E,Armellini E,LucàMG,Verga G,Pinelli D,Nani R,Valsecchi MG,Antolini L,Colledan M,Fagiuoli S,Strazzabosco M.Prediction of progression-free survival in patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria.Liver Transpl 2010;16:503-512[PMID:20373461 DOI:10.1002/lt.22039]
199 Cucchetti A,Cescon M,Bigonzi E,Piscaglia F,Golfieri R,Ercolani G,Cristina Morelli M,Ravaioli M,Daniele Pinna A.Priority of candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation can be reduced after successful bridge therapy.Liver Transpl 2011;17:1344-1354[PMID:21837731 DOI:10.1002/lt.22397]
200 Ciccarelli O,Lai Q,Goffette P,Finet P,De Reyck C,Roggen F,Sempoux C,Doffagne E,Reding R,Lerut J.Liver transplantation for hepatocellular cancer:UCL experience in 137 adult cirrhotic patients.Alpha-foetoprotein level and locoregional treatment as refined selection criteria.Transpl Int 2012;25:867-875[PMID:22716073 DOI:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01512.x]
201 Decaens T,Roudot-Thoraval F,Bresson-Hadni S,Meyer C,Gugenheim J,Durand F,Bernard PH,Boillot O,Boudjema K,Calmus Y,Hardwigsen J,Ducerf C,Pageaux GP,Dharancy S,Chazouilleres O,Dhumeaux D,Cherqui D,Duvoux C.Impact of pretransplantation transarterial chemoembolization on survival and recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Liver Transpl 2005;11:767-775[PMID:15973710 DOI:10.1002/lt.20418]
202 Pelletier SJ,Fu S,Thyagarajan V,Romero-Marrero C,Batheja MJ,Punch JD,Magee JC,Lok AS,Fontana RJ,Marrero JA.An intention-to-treat analysis of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma using organ procurement transplant network data.Liver Transpl 2009;15:859-868[PMID:19642139 DOI:10.1002/lt.21778]
203 Lesurtel M,Müllhaupt B,Pestalozzi BC,Pfammatter T,Clavien PA.Transarterial chemoembolization as a bridge to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma:an evidence-based analysis.Am J Transplant 2006;6:2644-2650[PMID:16939518 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01509.x]
204 Majno P,Giostra E,Mentha G.Management of hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list before liver transplantation:time for controlled trials?Liver Transpl 2007;13:S27-S35[PMID:17969086 DOI:10.1002/lt.21328]
205 Llovet JM,Mas X,Aponte JJ,Fuster J,Navasa M,Christensen E,Rodés J,Bruix J.Cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma during the waiting list for liver transplantation.Gut 2002;50:123-128[PMID:11772979 DOI:10 .1136/gut.50.1.123]
206 Roayaie S,Schwartz JD,Sung MW,Emre SH,Miller CM,Gondolesi GE,Krieger NR,Schwartz ME.Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplant:patterns and prognosis.Liver Transpl 2004;10:534-540[PMID:15048797 DOI:10 .1002/lt.20128]
207 Otto G,Schuchmann M,Hoppe-Lotichius M,Heise M,Weinmann A,Hansen T,Pitton MP.How to decide about liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:size and number of lesions or response to TACE?J Hepatol 2013;59:279-284[PMID:23587474DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.006]
208 Allard MA,Sebagh M,Ruiz A,Guettier C,Paule B,Vibert E,Cunha AS,Cherqui D,Samuel D,Bismuth H,Castaing D,Adam R.Does pathological response after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis predict outcome after liver resection or transplantation?J Hepatol 2015;63:83-92[PMID:25646884 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.023]
209 Roberts JP,Venook A,Kerlan R,Yao F.Hepatocellular carcinoma:Ablate and wait versus rapid transplantation.Liver Transpl 2010;16:925-929[PMID:20658555 DOI:10.1002/lt.22103]
210 Ho MH,Yu CY,Chung KP,Chen TW,Chu HC,Lin CK,Hsieh CB.Locoregional therapy-induced tumor necrosis as a predictor of recurrence after liver transplant in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18:3632-3639[PMID:21626078DOI:10.1245/s10434-011-1803-3]
211 Lai Q,Avolio AW,Graziadei I,Otto G,Rossi M,Tisone G,Goffette P,Vogel W,Pitton MB,Lerut J.Alpha-fetoprotein and modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors progression after locoregional therapy as predictors of hepatocellular cancer recurrence and death after transplantation.Liver Transpl 2013;19:1108-1118[PMID:23873764 DOI:10.1002/lt.23706]
212 Chapman WC,Majella Doyle MB,Stuart JE,Vachharajani N,Crippin JS,Anderson CD,Lowell JA,Shenoy S,Darcy MD,Brown DB.Outcomes of neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization to downstage hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation.Ann Surg 2008;248:617-625[PMID:18936575 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818a07d4]
213 De Luna W,Sze DY,Ahmed A,Ha BY,Ayoub W,Keeffe EB,Cooper A,Esquivel C,Nguyen MH.Transarterial chemoinfusion for hepatocellular carcinoma as downstaging therapy and a bridge toward liver transplantation.Am J Transplant 2009;9:1158-1168[PMID:19344435 DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02576.x]
214 Yao FY,Mehta N,Flemming J,Dodge J,Hameed B,Fix O,Hirose R,Fidelman N,Kerlan RK,Roberts JP.Downstaging of hepatocellular cancer before liver transplant:long-term outcome compared to tumors within Milan criteria.Hepatology 2015;61:1968-1977[PMID:25689978 DOI:10.1002/hep.27752]
215 Park JO,Lee SI,Song SY,Kim K,Kim WS,Jung CW,Park YS,Im YH,Kang WK,Lee MH,Lee KS,Park K.Measuring response in solid tumors:comparison of RECIST and WHO response criteria.Jpn J Clin Oncol 2003;33:533-537[PMID:14623923 DOI:10 .1093/jjco/hyg093]
216 Bruix J,Sherman M,Llovet JM,Beaugrand M,Lencioni R,Burroughs AK,Christensen E,Pagliaro L,Colombo M,Rodés J.Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference.European Association for the Study of the Liver.J Hepatol 2001;35:421-430[PMID:11592607DOI:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00130-1]
217 Lencioni R,Llovet JM.Modified RECIST(m RECIST)assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Semin Liver Dis 2010;30:52-60[PMID:20175033 DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1247132]
218 Llovet JM,Di Bisceglie AM,Bruix J,Kramer BS,Lencioni R,Zhu AX,Sherman M,Schwartz M,Lotze M,Talwalkar J,Gores GJ.Design and endpoints of clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma.J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:698-711[PMID:18477802 DOI:10 .1093/jnci/djn134]
219 Therasse P,Arbuck SG,Eisenhauer EA,Wanders J,Kaplan RS,Rubinstein L,Verweij J,Van Glabbeke M,van Oosterom AT,Christian MC,Gwyther SG.New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors.European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,National Cancer Institute of the United States,National Cancer Institute of Canada.J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:205-216[PMID:10655437 DOI:10.1093/jnci/92.3.205]
220 Raoul JL,Park JW,Kang YK,Finn RS,Kim JS,Yeo W,Polite BN,Chao Y,Walters I,Baudelet C,Lencioni R.Using Modified RECIST and Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels to Assess Treatment Benefit in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver Cancer 2014;3:439-450[PMID:26280005 DOI:10.1159/000343872]
221 Kojiro M,Sugihara S,Kakizoe S,Nakashima O,Kiyomatsu K.Hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change:a special reference to the relationship with anticancer therapy.Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1989;23 Suppl:S4-S8[PMID:2466583DOI:10.1007/BF00647229]
222 Koda M,Maeda Y,Matsunaga Y,Mimura K,Murawaki Y,Horie Y.Hepatocellular carcinoma with sarcomatous change arising after radiofrequency ablation for well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatol Res 2003;27:163-167[PMID:14563432 DOI:10 .1016/S1386-6346(03)00207-9]
223 Takada Y,Kurata M,Ohkohchi N.Rapid and aggressive recurrence accompanied by portal tumor thrombus after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.Int J Clin Oncol 2003;8:332-335[PMID:14586761 DOI:10.1007/s10147-003-0328-6]
224 Zen C,Zen Y,Mitry RR,Corbeil D,KarbanováJ,O’Grady J,Karani J,Kane P,Heaton N,Portmann BC,Quaglia A.Mixed phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization and liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 2011;17:943-954[PMID:21491582 DOI:10.1002/lt.22314]
225 Yamamoto N,Okano K,Kushida Y,Deguchi A,Yachida S,Suzuki Y.Clinicopathology of recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas after radiofrequency ablation treated with salvage surgery.Hepatol Res2014;44:1062-1071[PMID:23957810 DOI:10.1111/hepr.12223]
226 Kong J,Kong L,Kong J,Ke S,Gao J,Ding X,Zheng L,Sun H,Sun W.After insufficient radiofrequency ablation,tumorassociated endothelial cells exhibit enhanced angiogenesis and promote invasiveness of residual hepatocellular carcinoma.J Transl Med 2012;10:230[PMID:23171368 DOI:10.1186/1479-5876-10-230]
227 Toso C,Mentha G,Kneteman NM,Majno P.The place of downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma.J Hepatol 2010;52:930-936[PMID:20385428 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.032]
228 Schwartz M.A biomathematical approach to clinical tumor growth.Cancer 1961;14:1272-1294[PMID:13909709]
229 Nakajima T,Moriguchi M,Mitsumoto Y,Katagishi T,Kimura H,Shintani H,Deguchi T,Okanoue T,Kagawa K,Ashihara T.Simple tumor profile chart based on cell kinetic parameters and histologic grade is useful for estimating the natural growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hum Pathol 2002;33:92-99[PMID:11823978 DOI:10.1053/hupa.2002.30194]
230 Okazaki N,Yoshino M,Yoshida T,Suzuki M,Moriyama N,Takayasu K,Makuuchi M,Yamazaki S,Hasegawa H,Noguchi M.Evaluation of the prognosis for small hepatocellular carcinoma based on tumor volume doubling time.A preliminary report.Cancer 1989;63:2207-2210[PMID:2541886]
231 Barbara L,Benzi G,Gaiani S,Fusconi F,Zironi G,Siringo S,Rigamonti A,Barbara C,Grigioni W,Mazziotti A.Natural history of small untreated hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis:a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of tumor growth rate and patient survival.Hepatology 1992;16:132-137[PMID:1352268 DOI:10 .1002/hep.1840160122]
232 Cucchetti A,Vivarelli M,Piscaglia F,Nardo B,Montalti R,Grazi GL,Ravaioli M,La Barba G,Cavallari A,Bolondi L,Pinna AD.Tumor doubling time predicts recurrence after surgery and describes the histological pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis.J Hepatol 2005;43:310-316[PMID:15970351 DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.03.014]
233 Kubota K,Ina H,Okada Y,Irie T.Growth rate of primary single hepatocellular carcinoma:determining optimal screening interval with contrast enhanced computed tomography.Dig Dis Sci 2003;48:581-586[PMID:12757173 DOI:10.1023/A:1022505203786]
234 Sheu JC,Sung JL,Chen DS,Yang PM,Lai MY,Lee CS,Hsu HC,Chuang CN,Yang PC,Wang TH.Growth rate of asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical implications.Gastroenterology 1985;89:259-266[PMID:2408960]
235 Ebara M,Ohto M,Shinagawa T,Sugiura N,Kimura K,Matsutani S,Morita M,Saisho H,Tsuchiya Y,Okuda K.Natural history of minute hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than three centimeters complicating cirrhosis.A study in 22 patients.Gastroenterology1986;90:289-298[PMID:2416627]
236 Yoshino M.Growth kinetics of hepatocellular carcinoma.Jpn J Clin Oncol 1983;13:45-52[PMID:6187947]
237 Woo HY,Jang JW,Choi JY,Bae SH,You CR,Rha SE,Lee YJ,Yoon SK,Lee CD.Tumor doubling time after initial response to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:332-339[PMID:20001605 DOI:10.3109/00365520903456573]