基于SCP模型的世界男子和女子职业网球竞争平衡差异研究
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摘要
基于经济学的结构-行为-绩效(Structure-Conduct-Performance)模型,对世界男子和女子职业网坛竞争力平衡差异进行分析。在衡量特定赛事男子和女子职业网球竞争性平衡差异时,引用了"抢七"和"最少获胜盘"两项数据,结果显示,男子比赛更具竞争性;而在比较跨赛季男子和女子比赛竞争性平衡差异时,研究了ATP和WTA年终排名及4大满贯冠军得主两项指标,结果显示,在年终排名这一指标上,男子和女子比赛竞争性平衡不存在差异;而大满贯冠军得主数据则显示,女子比赛竞争性强于男子。
This paper analyzes competitive balance in the male(Association of Tennis Professional or ATP)and femal(Women Tennis Association or WTA)professional tennis circuits by using a structure-conduct-performance model.When measuring uncertainty of specific match,we use two datas:the "tiebreaks"and "the minimum number of wining sets".The results show that men'tennis is more competitive.When measuring uncertainty of inter-seasonal,we also use two datas:ATP and WTA'final ranking,the number of Grand Slam winners,it shows that for the former,no difference in competitive balance between ATP andWTA;for the latter,WTA is more competitive.
This paper analyzes competitive balance in the male(Association of Tennis Professional or ATP)and femal(Women Tennis Association or WTA)professional tennis circuits by using a structure-conduct-performance model.When measuring uncertainty of specific match,we use two datas:the "tiebreaks"and "the minimum number of wining sets".The results show that men'tennis is more competitive.When measuring uncertainty of inter-seasonal,we also use two datas:ATP and WTA'final ranking,the number of Grand Slam winners,it shows that for the former,no difference in competitive balance between ATP andWTA;for the latter,WTA is more competitive.
引文
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[8]JONATHAN MICHIE,CHRISTINE OUGHTON.Competitive balance in football:trend and effects[J].Manage Decisi Econ,2004,25(9):103-108.
[9]KLAASSEN F J G M,MAGNUS J R.Forecasting the winner of a tennis match[J].J Opera Res,2003,148:257-285.
[10]LABAND D N.How the structure of competition influences performance in professional sports:the case of tennis and golf[C].//B L Goff,R D TOLISSON.Sportometrics.College Station,TX:A.M University press1990:133-162.
[11]LANCASTER K J.A new approach to consumer theory[J].J Political Econ,1966,74:132-157.
[12]MAYNES J R,MITCHELL H,SCHUWALOW P,STEWART M.So you want to be a professional sportsman/woman[R].2006European Association of Sports Management(EASM)Conference in Cyprus.
[13]MORANTE S,BROTHERHOOD J.Match characteristics of professional singles tennis[J].Med Sci Tennis,2005,10(3):1-4.
[14]O’DONOGHUE P G.The most important points in Grand Slam singles tennis[J].Res Q Exe Sport,2011,72(2):125-131.
[15]RUSSELL J A.Serena vs.Andre:A Gap at European Tennis Tournaments[DB/OL].http://jscms.Jrn.Columbia.Edu/cns/2005-05-03/russell-tennisprizes.
[16]SANDERSON A R.The many dimensions of competitive balance[J].J Sports Econ,2002,3(2):204-228.
[17]SCHERER F M,ROSS D.Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance[M].Boston,MA:Houghton Mifflin,1990:35-45.
[18]SZYMANSKI S.The economic design of sporting contests[J].J Econo Literature,2008,41(4):1137-1187.
[2]BORLAND J,MCDONALD R.Demand for sport[J].Oxford Rev Economic Policy,2003,19(4):487-502.
[3]CLARKE S R,DYTE D.Using official ratings to simulate major tennis tournament[J].Int Transac Opera Res,2000,(7):585-594.
[4]CROUCHER J S.The effect of the tennis tie-breaker[J].Res Q Exe Sport,1992,53(4):336-339.
[5]FORT,QRIRK J.Cross Subsidization,Incentives and Outcomes in professional team sports leagues[J].J Econ Literature,1995,33(3):1265-1297.
[6]GALENSON D W.Does youth rule Trends in the ages of American women tennis players,1960—1992[J].J Sport History,1995,22(1):46-59.
[7]HUMPHREYS B R.Alternative measuresn of competitive balance in sport leagues[J].J Sports Economics,2002,3(2):133-148.
[8]JONATHAN MICHIE,CHRISTINE OUGHTON.Competitive balance in football:trend and effects[J].Manage Decisi Econ,2004,25(9):103-108.
[9]KLAASSEN F J G M,MAGNUS J R.Forecasting the winner of a tennis match[J].J Opera Res,2003,148:257-285.
[10]LABAND D N.How the structure of competition influences performance in professional sports:the case of tennis and golf[C].//B L Goff,R D TOLISSON.Sportometrics.College Station,TX:A.M University press1990:133-162.
[11]LANCASTER K J.A new approach to consumer theory[J].J Political Econ,1966,74:132-157.
[12]MAYNES J R,MITCHELL H,SCHUWALOW P,STEWART M.So you want to be a professional sportsman/woman[R].2006European Association of Sports Management(EASM)Conference in Cyprus.
[13]MORANTE S,BROTHERHOOD J.Match characteristics of professional singles tennis[J].Med Sci Tennis,2005,10(3):1-4.
[14]O’DONOGHUE P G.The most important points in Grand Slam singles tennis[J].Res Q Exe Sport,2011,72(2):125-131.
[15]RUSSELL J A.Serena vs.Andre:A Gap at European Tennis Tournaments[DB/OL].http://jscms.Jrn.Columbia.Edu/cns/2005-05-03/russell-tennisprizes.
[16]SANDERSON A R.The many dimensions of competitive balance[J].J Sports Econ,2002,3(2):204-228.
[17]SCHERER F M,ROSS D.Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance[M].Boston,MA:Houghton Mifflin,1990:35-45.
[18]SZYMANSKI S.The economic design of sporting contests[J].J Econo Literature,2008,41(4):1137-1187.