Understanding the connection between blasting and highwall stability
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摘要
Surface mines continue to implement highwalls for several reasons, such as increasing recovery, improving margins, and justifying higher stripping ratios. Highwall stability is a complex issue that is dependent upon a variety of mining and geologic factors, and a safe design is necessary for a successful surface operation. To improve highwall stability, it is important to understand the connection between local geology and blasting. Explosives are employed throughout the mining industry for primary rock breakage. There are a number of controlled blasting techniques that can be implemented to improve highwall stability.These include line drilling, smooth wall blasting, trim blasting, buffer blasting, air decking, and presplitting. Each of these techniques have associated advantages and disadvantages. Understanding local geology is necessary for selecting the appropriate controlled blasting technique. Furthermore, understanding the limitations and conditions for successful implementation of each technique is necessary. A discussion of the impact of geologic conditions on highwall stability is provided. Additionally, discussion is provided for the successful incorporation of the controlled blasting techniques listed above, and the associated mining and geologic factors that influence the selection and design of controlled blasting plans.Finally, a new methodology is proposed.
Surface mines continue to implement highwalls for several reasons, such as increasing recovery, improving margins, and justifying higher stripping ratios. Highwall stability is a complex issue that is dependent upon a variety of mining and geologic factors, and a safe design is necessary for a successful surface operation. To improve highwall stability, it is important to understand the connection between local geology and blasting. Explosives are employed throughout the mining industry for primary rock breakage. There are a number of controlled blasting techniques that can be implemented to improve highwall stability.These include line drilling, smooth wall blasting, trim blasting, buffer blasting, air decking, and presplitting. Each of these techniques have associated advantages and disadvantages. Understanding local geology is necessary for selecting the appropriate controlled blasting technique. Furthermore, understanding the limitations and conditions for successful implementation of each technique is necessary. A discussion of the impact of geologic conditions on highwall stability is provided. Additionally, discussion is provided for the successful incorporation of the controlled blasting techniques listed above, and the associated mining and geologic factors that influence the selection and design of controlled blasting plans.Finally, a new methodology is proposed.
Surface mines continue to implement highwalls for several reasons, such as increasing recovery, improving margins, and justifying higher stripping ratios. Highwall stability is a complex issue that is dependent upon a variety of mining and geologic factors, and a safe design is necessary for a successful surface operation. To improve highwall stability, it is important to understand the connection between local geology and blasting. Explosives are employed throughout the mining industry for primary rock breakage. There are a number of controlled blasting techniques that can be implemented to improve highwall stability.These include line drilling, smooth wall blasting, trim blasting, buffer blasting, air decking, and presplitting. Each of these techniques have associated advantages and disadvantages. Understanding local geology is necessary for selecting the appropriate controlled blasting technique. Furthermore, understanding the limitations and conditions for successful implementation of each technique is necessary. A discussion of the impact of geologic conditions on highwall stability is provided. Additionally, discussion is provided for the successful incorporation of the controlled blasting techniques listed above, and the associated mining and geologic factors that influence the selection and design of controlled blasting plans.Finally, a new methodology is proposed.
引文
[1]United States Geological Survey.2015 Minerals Yearbook:Tantalum 2016.
[2]Jhanwar JC,Jethwa JL.The use of air decks in production blasting in an open pit coal mine.Geotech Geol Eng 2000;18:269-87.
[3]ISEE.ISEE Blaster’s Handbook.18th ed.Cleveland,OH:International Society of Explosives Engineers;2011.
[4]Mckenzie CK,Holley KG.A study of damage profiles behind blasts common types of wall blasting,2004;2:1-13.
[5]Urekar F.Air-decking techniques for controlled blasting in open pits,1989:893260.
[6]Devine JF,Beck RH,Meyer AVC,Duvall W,Physicist S.Vibration levels transmitted across a 2000:1-22.
[7]Konya C,Walter E.Surface blast design.1st ed.NJ:Upper Saddle River;1990.
[8]Mel’nikov N.A method of enhanced rock breaking by blasting.Sov Min1979;15:565-72.
[9]Jhanwar JC.Theory and practice of air-deck blasting in mines and surface excavations:A review.Geotech Geol Eng 2011;29:651-63.
[10]Plewman RP,Starfield AM.The effects of finite velocities of detonation and propagation on the strain pulses induced in rock by linear charges.J South African Institue Min Metall 1965;66:77-96.
[11]Dunn P,Cocker A.Pre-splitting-wall control for surface coal mines.In:Metallurgy AI of M and,editor,Brisbane:1995,p.307-14.
[12]Dyno Nobel.Digishotò.Salt Lake City,UT:Dyno Nobel,Inc.,2016.
[2]Jhanwar JC,Jethwa JL.The use of air decks in production blasting in an open pit coal mine.Geotech Geol Eng 2000;18:269-87.
[3]ISEE.ISEE Blaster’s Handbook.18th ed.Cleveland,OH:International Society of Explosives Engineers;2011.
[4]Mckenzie CK,Holley KG.A study of damage profiles behind blasts common types of wall blasting,2004;2:1-13.
[5]Urekar F.Air-decking techniques for controlled blasting in open pits,1989:893260.
[6]Devine JF,Beck RH,Meyer AVC,Duvall W,Physicist S.Vibration levels transmitted across a 2000:1-22.
[7]Konya C,Walter E.Surface blast design.1st ed.NJ:Upper Saddle River;1990.
[8]Mel’nikov N.A method of enhanced rock breaking by blasting.Sov Min1979;15:565-72.
[9]Jhanwar JC.Theory and practice of air-deck blasting in mines and surface excavations:A review.Geotech Geol Eng 2011;29:651-63.
[10]Plewman RP,Starfield AM.The effects of finite velocities of detonation and propagation on the strain pulses induced in rock by linear charges.J South African Institue Min Metall 1965;66:77-96.
[11]Dunn P,Cocker A.Pre-splitting-wall control for surface coal mines.In:Metallurgy AI of M and,editor,Brisbane:1995,p.307-14.
[12]Dyno Nobel.Digishotò.Salt Lake City,UT:Dyno Nobel,Inc.,2016.