PWM-PFM混合控制LCC谐振变换器研究
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摘要
输入电压和负载宽范围变化时,变频控制LCC谐振变换器的开关频率变化范围宽,而移相控制LCC谐振变换器难以实现宽范围零电压关断(zero voltage switching,ZVS)。为了在较窄开关频率范围内实现LCC谐振变换器的宽范围软开关,该文提出一种脉宽-脉频调制(pulse width modulation-pulse frequency modulation,PWM-PFM)混合控制LCC变换器。通过同时调整LCC变换器原边开关管的导通角与开关频率,在宽输入电压和宽负载变化范围内,提出的PWM-PFM混合控制LCC变换器能在稳压输出的同时保持变换器ZVS软开关工作。此外,PWM-PFM混合控制LCC谐振变换器的开关频率范围较窄,简化了变换器磁性元件的设计。以工作在电容电压连续模式(continuous capacitor voltage mode,CCVM)的LCC谐振变换器为例,利用基波近似法,分析PWM-PFM混合控制LCC谐振变换器的工作原理和控制特性,对谐振元件和控制参数进行设计。最后,通过一台100~200V输入、48V/500W输出的实验样机验证了理论分析的正确性。
Variable frequency controlled LCC resonant converter suffers from wide switching frequency variation, while phase-shift controlled LCC resonant converter loses ZVS operation when input voltage or load variation range is wide. A PWM-PFM hybrid controlled LCC was proposed to achieve ZVS operation with narrow switching frequency variation under wide input voltage and load variation. By modulating conduction angle and switching frequency simultaneously, the proposed converter can achieve voltage regulation without losing ZVS operation under wide input voltage and load variation. Furthermore, the proposed converter simplifies the design of magnetic components due to the narrow switching frequency variation. Fundamental harmonic approach(FHA) model of converter was derived. Operation principle and circuit characteristics were analyzed under continuous capacitor voltage mode(CCVM). The parameter design was given. Finally, experiment results of a 100~200 V input and 48 V/500 W output prototype were provided to verify the theoretical analysis results.
Variable frequency controlled LCC resonant converter suffers from wide switching frequency variation, while phase-shift controlled LCC resonant converter loses ZVS operation when input voltage or load variation range is wide. A PWM-PFM hybrid controlled LCC was proposed to achieve ZVS operation with narrow switching frequency variation under wide input voltage and load variation. By modulating conduction angle and switching frequency simultaneously, the proposed converter can achieve voltage regulation without losing ZVS operation under wide input voltage and load variation. Furthermore, the proposed converter simplifies the design of magnetic components due to the narrow switching frequency variation. Fundamental harmonic approach(FHA) model of converter was derived. Operation principle and circuit characteristics were analyzed under continuous capacitor voltage mode(CCVM). The parameter design was given. Finally, experiment results of a 100~200 V input and 48 V/500 W output prototype were provided to verify the theoretical analysis results.
引文
[1]孙孝峰,仇江峰,栗晓华,等.一种具有宽输入电压范围的集成Buck-Boost LLC级联变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1667-1673.Sun Xiaofeng,Qiu Jiangfeng,Li Xiaohua,et al.An integrated Buck-Boost LLC cascaded converter with wide input voltage range[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1667-1673(in Chinese).
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[13]Bhat A K S.Fixed-frequency PWM series-parallel resonant converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1992,28(5):1002-1009.
[14]Bhat A K S,Dewan S B.Analysis and design of a high-frequency resonant converter using LCC-type commutation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1987,PE-2(4):291-301.
[15]谭兴,阮新波.电感电流断续模式LCC谐振变换器基于模式分界图的优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2881-2889.Tan Xing,Ruan Xinbo.Optimal design of LCC resonant converters operating in the discontinuous current mode based on a mode boundary map[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(18):2881-2889(in Chinese).
[16]Youssef M Z,Pinheiro H,Jain P K.Self-sustained phase-shift modulated resonant converters:modeling,design,and performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(2):401-414.
[17]Pinheiro H,Jain P K,Joós G.Self-sustained oscillating resonant converters operating above the resonant frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(5):803-815.
[18]Pinheiro H,Jain P,Joos G.Performance characterization of two self-oscillating controllers for parallel resonant converters operating with unity input power factor[C]//Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Saint Louis,MO,USA:IEEE,1997:692-698.
[19]Pinheiro H,Jain P,Joos G.Series-parallel resonant converter in the self-sustained oscillating mode for unity power factor applications[C]//Proceedings of the 12th Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Atlanta,GA,USA:IEEE,1997:477-483.
[20]Sosa J L,Castilla M,Miret J,et al.Modeling and performance analysis of the DC/DC series–parallel resonant converter operating with discrete self-sustained phase-shift modulation technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(3):697-705.
[21]吴俊娟,孙孝峰,邬伟扬.基于描述函数法的谐振变换器自持振荡研究[J].电力电子技术,2011,45(2):53-55.Wu Junjuan,Sun Xiaofeng,Wu Weiyang.Study of the self-sustained oscillation of resonant converter based on describing function method[J].Power Electronics,2011,45(2):53-55(in Chinese).
[22]李菊,阮新波.全桥LLC谐振变换器的混合式控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):72-79,94.Li Ju,Ruan Xinbo.Hybrid control strategy of full bridge LLC converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(4):72-79,94(in Chinese).
[23]潘志杰.混合控制全桥LLC谐振变换器的优化设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.Pan Zhijie.Optimization of hybrid controlled full-bridge LLC resonant converter[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013(in Chinese).
[24]Da Silveira Cavalcante F,Kolar J W.Design of a 5 k W high output voltage series-parallel resonant DC-DC converter[C]//Proceedings of the 34th Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference.Acapulco,Mexico:IEEE,2003:1807-1814.
[25]Ryu S H,Kim D H,Kim M J,et al.Adjustable frequency-duty-cycle hybrid control strategy for full-bridge series resonant converters in electric vehicle chargers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(10):5354-5362.
[26]Steigerwald R L.A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1988,3(2):174-182.
[27]Garcia V,Rico M,Sebastian J,et al.An optimized DC-to-DC converter topology for high-voltage pulse-load applications[C]//Proceedings of the 25th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Taipei,Taiwan:IEEE,1994:1413-1421.
[2]孙孝峰,申彦峰,朱云娥,等.一种Boost型宽电压范围输入LLC谐振变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3895-3903.Sun Xiaofeng,Shen Yanfeng,Zhu Yun’e,et al.A Boost-integrated LLC resonant converter for wide input voltage range[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3895-3903(in Chinese).
[3]陈一鸣,许建平,李兵兵,等.CCVM-DCVM边界模式定频LCC谐振变换器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(3):850-860.Chen Yiming,Xu Jianping,Li Bingbing,et al.Design of fixed frequency LCC resonant converter operating in CCVM-DCVM boundary mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(3):850-860(in Chinese).
[4]周国华,许建平.开关变换器调制与控制技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(6):815-831.Zhou Guohua,Xu Jianping.A review of modulation and control techniques for switching converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(6):815-831(in Chinese).
[5]Grajales L,Sabate J A,Wang K R,et al.Design of a 10k W,500 k Hz phase-shift controlled series-resonant inverter for induction heating[C]//Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry Applications Conference.Toronto:IEEE,1993:843-849.
[6]Sabate J A,Lee F C Y.Offline application of the fixed-frequency clamped-mode series resonant converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1991,6(1):39-47.
[7]Aboushady A A,Finney S J,Williams B W,et al.Steady state analysis of the phase-controlled LCC-type seriesparallel resonant converter operating above resonance[C]//Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Long Beach,California:IEEE,2013:2125-2131.
[8]Bhat A K S.Analysis and design of a series-parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1991,27(3):523-530.
[9]Li Xiaodong,Bhat A K S.A fixed-frequency series-parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter:analysis,design,simulation,and experimental results[J].Electric Power Components and Systems,2014,42(7):746-754.
[10]Hu Zhiyuan,Qiu Yajie,Liu Yanfei,et al.A control strategy and design method for interleaved LLC converters operating at variable switching frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(8):4426-4437.
[11]Liu R,Lee C Q.The LLC-type series resonant converter-variable switching frequency control[C]//Proceedings of the 32nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems.Champaign,IL,USA:IEEE,1989:509-512.
[12]夏冰.LCC谐振变换器在大功率高输出电压场合的应用研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.Xia Bing.Research on LCC resonant converter for high power and high output voltage applications[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2008(in Chinese).
[13]Bhat A K S.Fixed-frequency PWM series-parallel resonant converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1992,28(5):1002-1009.
[14]Bhat A K S,Dewan S B.Analysis and design of a high-frequency resonant converter using LCC-type commutation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1987,PE-2(4):291-301.
[15]谭兴,阮新波.电感电流断续模式LCC谐振变换器基于模式分界图的优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2881-2889.Tan Xing,Ruan Xinbo.Optimal design of LCC resonant converters operating in the discontinuous current mode based on a mode boundary map[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(18):2881-2889(in Chinese).
[16]Youssef M Z,Pinheiro H,Jain P K.Self-sustained phase-shift modulated resonant converters:modeling,design,and performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(2):401-414.
[17]Pinheiro H,Jain P K,Joós G.Self-sustained oscillating resonant converters operating above the resonant frequency[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(5):803-815.
[18]Pinheiro H,Jain P,Joos G.Performance characterization of two self-oscillating controllers for parallel resonant converters operating with unity input power factor[C]//Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Saint Louis,MO,USA:IEEE,1997:692-698.
[19]Pinheiro H,Jain P,Joos G.Series-parallel resonant converter in the self-sustained oscillating mode for unity power factor applications[C]//Proceedings of the 12th Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.Atlanta,GA,USA:IEEE,1997:477-483.
[20]Sosa J L,Castilla M,Miret J,et al.Modeling and performance analysis of the DC/DC series–parallel resonant converter operating with discrete self-sustained phase-shift modulation technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(3):697-705.
[21]吴俊娟,孙孝峰,邬伟扬.基于描述函数法的谐振变换器自持振荡研究[J].电力电子技术,2011,45(2):53-55.Wu Junjuan,Sun Xiaofeng,Wu Weiyang.Study of the self-sustained oscillation of resonant converter based on describing function method[J].Power Electronics,2011,45(2):53-55(in Chinese).
[22]李菊,阮新波.全桥LLC谐振变换器的混合式控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(4):72-79,94.Li Ju,Ruan Xinbo.Hybrid control strategy of full bridge LLC converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(4):72-79,94(in Chinese).
[23]潘志杰.混合控制全桥LLC谐振变换器的优化设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.Pan Zhijie.Optimization of hybrid controlled full-bridge LLC resonant converter[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013(in Chinese).
[24]Da Silveira Cavalcante F,Kolar J W.Design of a 5 k W high output voltage series-parallel resonant DC-DC converter[C]//Proceedings of the 34th Annual Power Electronics Specialist Conference.Acapulco,Mexico:IEEE,2003:1807-1814.
[25]Ryu S H,Kim D H,Kim M J,et al.Adjustable frequency-duty-cycle hybrid control strategy for full-bridge series resonant converters in electric vehicle chargers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(10):5354-5362.
[26]Steigerwald R L.A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1988,3(2):174-182.
[27]Garcia V,Rico M,Sebastian J,et al.An optimized DC-to-DC converter topology for high-voltage pulse-load applications[C]//Proceedings of the 25th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Taipei,Taiwan:IEEE,1994:1413-1421.