土壤pH对汞迁移转化的影响研究进展
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摘要
近年来土壤重金属污染已经成为全球性的环境问题。而汞作为五大毒性重金属元素之一,其在土壤中的迁移转化不仅会影响作物的正常生长,还会对农产品质量和安全造成严重威胁。土壤pH是影响汞迁移转化的重要因素之一,对其作用机理的不断探索已经成为近年来的研究热点。本文在前人的研究基础上,概述了土壤中汞的来源、危害及存在形态,并从汞的生物有效性及迁移转化过程两个方面详细阐述了土壤pH对汞迁移转化的影响机制。研究表明,酸性条件可能会使土壤中有效态汞的含量增加,进而导致其生物有效性提高,迁移能力增强;土壤pH对汞迁移转化过程中吸附-解吸的影响较大;土壤pH对汞迁移转化过程中络合-螯合、氧化-还原及甲基化反应的影响机理分别体现在离子竞争吸附、价态变化及甲基化促使因子的合成等方面。最后对今后的研究方向作出展望,旨在为汞污染土壤的修复与治理及汞污染扩散模型的建立提供参考依据。
With the rapid development of industrialization, soil heavy metal pollution has become a global environmental problem. Mercury,as one of the five most toxic environment pollutants, not only affects the normal growth of crops, but also poses a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products. Soil pH is one of the most important factors affecting mercury migration and transformation. The mechanism of interaction between soil pH and mercury has become a focus of environmental science research in recent years. Therefore, this paper summarized the source, hazard and forms of mercury in soil, and the mechanism of the effect of soil pH on mercury migration and transformation was elaborated from the aspects of mercury bioavailability and migration and transformation process. Several conclusions were drawn based on these analyses. Acidic conditions might increase the amount of available mercury, resulting in increase of mercury bioavailability and migration capacity. Adsorption-desorption of mercury was greatly affected by the soil pH. The effects of soil pH on complexation-chelation reaction, redox reactions and methylation reaction in mercury migration and transformation were reflected in ion competitive adsorption, valence change and methylation-promoting factor synthesis, respectively. In addition, the further research of mercury was proposed, which could provide reference for the remediation of mercury contaminated soil and the establishment of mercury pollution diffusion model.
With the rapid development of industrialization, soil heavy metal pollution has become a global environmental problem. Mercury,as one of the five most toxic environment pollutants, not only affects the normal growth of crops, but also poses a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products. Soil pH is one of the most important factors affecting mercury migration and transformation. The mechanism of interaction between soil pH and mercury has become a focus of environmental science research in recent years. Therefore, this paper summarized the source, hazard and forms of mercury in soil, and the mechanism of the effect of soil pH on mercury migration and transformation was elaborated from the aspects of mercury bioavailability and migration and transformation process. Several conclusions were drawn based on these analyses. Acidic conditions might increase the amount of available mercury, resulting in increase of mercury bioavailability and migration capacity. Adsorption-desorption of mercury was greatly affected by the soil pH. The effects of soil pH on complexation-chelation reaction, redox reactions and methylation reaction in mercury migration and transformation were reflected in ion competitive adsorption, valence change and methylation-promoting factor synthesis, respectively. In addition, the further research of mercury was proposed, which could provide reference for the remediation of mercury contaminated soil and the establishment of mercury pollution diffusion model.
引文
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[2]文雪琴,迟清华.中国汞的地球化学空间分布特征[J].地球化学,2007, 36(6):621-627.WEN Xue-qin, CHI Qing-hua. Geochemical spatial distribution of mercury in China[J]. Geochimica, 2007, 36(6):621-627.
[3]荆延德,赵石萍,何振立.土壤中汞的吸附-解吸行为研究进展[J].土壤通报, 2010,41(5):1270-1274.JING Yan-de, ZHAO Shi-ping, HE Zhen-li. A review on the studies on mercury adsorption-desorption behavior in the soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(5):1270-1274.
[4]Ghasemidehkordi B, Malekirad A A, Nazem H, et al. Concentration of lead and mercury in collected vegetables and herbs from Markazi Province, Iran:Non-carcinogenic risk assessment[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2018, 113:204-210.
[5]何熙,蔡叶茂,刘志祥.三峡库区消落带土壤汞的研究现状[J].三峡环境与生态, 2012, 34(4):15-19.HE Xi, CAI Ye-mao, LIU Zhi-xiang. Status quo of researches on soil mercury at the water-level-fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[J]. Environment and Ecology in the Three Gorges, 2012, 34(4):15-19.
[6]杨燕娜,温小乐.土壤汞污染及其治理措施的研究综述[J].能源与环境, 2006(3):9-11.YANG Yan-na, WEN Xiao-le. Review of soil mercury pollution and its control measures[J]. Energy and Environment, 2006(3):9-11.
[7]Nezhad M T K, Mohammadi K, Gholami A, et al. Cadmium and mercury in topsoils of Babagorogor watershed, western Iran:Distribution, relationship with soil characteristics and multivariate analysis of contamination sources[J]. Geoderma, 2014, 219/220:177-185.
[8]Lynam M M, Dvonch J T, Hall N L, et al. Spatial patterns in wet and dry deposition of atmospheric mercury and trace elements in central Illinois, USA[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 21(6):4032-4043.
[9]Fu X W, Zhang H, Yu B, et al. Observations of atmospheric mercury in China:A critical review[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2015, 15(16):11925-11983.
[10]王远炜,钱建平,莫福金.广西南丹玉兰汞矿周边土壤-霸王草系统汞含量分布及污染研究[J].地球与环境, 2016, 44(6):605-612.WANG Yuan-wei, QIAN Jian-ping, MO Fu-jin. Mercury content distribution and pollution research on overlod grass system in mercury surrounding soil of Nandan Yulan area, Guangxi, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2016, 44(6):605-612.
[11]Mukherjee A B, Zevenhoven R, Brodersen J, et al. Mercury in waste in the European Union:Sources, disposal methods and risks[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2004, 42(2):155-182.
[12]SzákováJ, HavlíˇckováJ,?ípkováA, et al. Effects of the soil microbial community on mobile proportions and speciation of mercury(Hg)in contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Letters, 2016, 51(4):364-370.
[13]Yin R S, Feng X B, Wang J X, et al. Mercury isotope variations between bioavailable mercury fractions and total mercury in mercury contaminated soil in Wanshan mercury mine, SW China[J]. Chemical Geology, 2013, 336(16):80-86.
[14]Dong W M, Liang L Y, Brooks S, et al. Roles of dissolved organic matter in the speciation of mercury and methylmercury in a contaminated ecosystem in Oak Ridge, Tennessee[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2010, 7(1):94-102.
[15]曾昭婵,李本云.万山汞矿区土壤汞污染及其防治研究[J].环境科学与管理, 2016, 41(5):115-118.ZENG Zhao-chan, LI Ben-yun. Preliminary study on soil mercury pollution and its prevention and control in Wanshan mercury mine area[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2016, 41(5):115-118.
[16]Sathish R, Amuthan A. Preparation, chemical analysis and sub-acute toxicity evaluation of linga pathangam(a mercury based Siddha herbo-metallic drug)in rats[J]. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014, 6(5):649.
[17]?ípkováA, SzákováJ, Hanˇc A, et al. Mobility of mercury in soil as affected by soil physicochemical properties[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015, 16(9):1-8.
[18]Fuchsman P C, Brown L E, Henning M H, et al. Toxicity reference values for methylmercury effects on avian reproduction:Critical review and analysis[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017,36(2):294-319.
[19]Boatti L, Rapallo F, Viarengo A, et al. Toxic effects of mercury on the cell nucleus of Dictyostelium discoideum[J]. Environmental Toxicology, 2017, 32(2):417-425.
[20]Xu X H, Meng B, Zhang C, et al. The local impact of a coal-fired power plant on inorganic mercury and methyl-mercury distribution in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 223:11-18.
[21]王静,肖国举,毕江涛,等. pH对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱化土壤重金属吸附-解吸过程的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2017, 26(10):1782-1787.WANG Jing, XIAO Guo-ju, BI Jiang-tao, et al. Effect of high pH value on heavy metal adsorption and desorption process in saline-alkali land of Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 26(10):1782-1787.
[22]郭娜,董杰,张菊,等.城区交通干道绿化带土壤-植物系统汞、砷污染研究[J].生态环境学报, 2017, 26(1):166-170.GUO Na, DONG Jie, ZHANG Ju, et al. Study on mercury and arsenic pollution of soil-plant system in urban main road green belt[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 26(1):166-170.
[23]Liu N, Miao Y J, Zhou X X, et al. Roles of rhizospheric organic acids and microorganisms in mercury accumulation and translocation to different winter wheat cultivars[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2018, 258:104-112.
[24]Carvalho C M L, Chew E H, Hashemy S I, et al. Inhibition of the human thioredoxin system:A molecular mechanism of mercury toxicity[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008, 283(18):11913-11923.
[25]Monteiro R J, Rodrigues S M, Cruz N, et al. Advantages and limitations of chemical extraction tests to predict mercury soil-plant transfer in soil risk evaluations[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(14):14327-14337.
[26]Park J H, Wang J J, Xiao R, et al. Mercury adsorption in the Mississippi River deltaic plain freshwater marsh soil of Louisiana Gulf coastal wetlands[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 195:455-462.
[27]赵杰,李程程,杨周生,等.万山矿区土壤汞对蚯蚓的生物有效性研究[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(1):120-125.ZHAO Jie, LI Cheng-cheng, YANG Zhou-sheng, et al. Bioavailability of mercury to earthworm(Pheretima guillemi)in soil of the Wanshan mining district[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016, 32(1):120-125.
[28]Meng M Z, Jia L, Cheng Y T, et al. Effect of pH, temperature, and the role of ionic strength on the adsorption of mercury(Ⅱ)by typical Chinese soils[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2012, 43(11):1599-1613.
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