海洋气团对沿海城市大气环境影响与识别研究
|
摘要
本研究通过识别海洋气团特征及沿海城市大气受到海洋气团的影响方式与程度,为评价沿海城市空气环境质量提供科学依据。以青岛市为例,收集大气气溶胶样品中放射性核素~(210)Pb、40K数据及采集时段当地大气颗粒物数据;分析~(210)Pb活度浓度与气溶胶颗粒物浓度变化;对当地当时大气气团进行溯源分析。研究表明:(1)研究期间青岛沿岸地区2015年4月至2016年6月与2016年6月至2017年6月大气污染特征显著不同,前者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物浓度显著相关,而后者~(210)Pb活度浓度与污染颗粒物无相关关系;(2)穿越海洋的陆地气团呈现出高活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;来自海洋气团的气溶胶呈现出低活度浓度、低颗粒物浓度的特征;(3)海洋气团气溶胶中~(210)Pb活度浓度较低。临近大陆的海洋(黄海、东海)上层大气受到大陆气团的影响,其海洋气团的特征有所减弱。~(210)Pb活度浓度、颗粒物浓度(PM2.5)可作为判断海洋气团的指标,识别"来自海洋的气团"与"经过海洋的气团"。
This study provides a scientific basis for objective evaluation of atmospheric environment quality of coastal cities by identifying the characteristics of ocean air masses and the influence of maritime air masses on the atmosphere of coastal cities. With Qingdao as an example, the data of radionuclides ~(210)Pb, 40 K, and local atmospheric particulate matter in atmospheric aerosol samples were collected, the changes of ~(210)Pb activity and aerosol particle concentration were analyzed, and the simulated trajectory of atmospheric air masses at the time was investigated. Results show the following:(1) Characteristics of air pollution in Qingdao coastal areas were significantly different between April 2015～June 2016 and June 2016～June 2017. A significant correlation between the ~(210)Pb activity and the concentration of contaminated particles in April 2015～June 2016 was observed. Meanwhile, no correlation between the ~(210)Pb activity in June 2016～June 2017 and the concentration of particulate matter in winter was observed.(2) Land air masses passing through the ocean were characterized by high ~(210)Pb activity and low particulate matter concentration. Meanwhile, aerosols from marine air masses exhibited low ~(210)Pb activity and low particulate matter concentration.(3) The ~(210)Pb activity and concentration in marine aerosol were low. The upper atmosphere of the ocean near the mainland(the Yellow Sea and East China Sea) was affected by continental air masses, and the characteristics of ocean air masses were weakened. The ~(210)Pb activity and particulate matter concentration(PM2.5) are indicators of marine air masses that identify the difference between "air masses from the sea" and "air masses passing through the ocean."
This study provides a scientific basis for objective evaluation of atmospheric environment quality of coastal cities by identifying the characteristics of ocean air masses and the influence of maritime air masses on the atmosphere of coastal cities. With Qingdao as an example, the data of radionuclides ~(210)Pb, 40 K, and local atmospheric particulate matter in atmospheric aerosol samples were collected, the changes of ~(210)Pb activity and aerosol particle concentration were analyzed, and the simulated trajectory of atmospheric air masses at the time was investigated. Results show the following:(1) Characteristics of air pollution in Qingdao coastal areas were significantly different between April 2015～June 2016 and June 2016～June 2017. A significant correlation between the ~(210)Pb activity and the concentration of contaminated particles in April 2015～June 2016 was observed. Meanwhile, no correlation between the ~(210)Pb activity in June 2016～June 2017 and the concentration of particulate matter in winter was observed.(2) Land air masses passing through the ocean were characterized by high ~(210)Pb activity and low particulate matter concentration. Meanwhile, aerosols from marine air masses exhibited low ~(210)Pb activity and low particulate matter concentration.(3) The ~(210)Pb activity and concentration in marine aerosol were low. The upper atmosphere of the ocean near the mainland(the Yellow Sea and East China Sea) was affected by continental air masses, and the characteristics of ocean air masses were weakened. The ~(210)Pb activity and particulate matter concentration(PM2.5) are indicators of marine air masses that identify the difference between "air masses from the sea" and "air masses passing through the ocean."
引文
[1]陈多宏,何俊杰,张国华,等.不同气团对广东鹤山大气超级监测站单颗粒气溶胶理化特征的影响[J]生态环境学报,2015,24(1):63-69.Chen Duohong,He Junjie,Zhang Guohua,et al.The influence of different air masses on the single particle acrosol physical and chemical characteristics in Heshan atmospheric supersite of Guangdong[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(1):63-69.
[2]门武,林静,王芬芬,等.基于7Be、210Pb和210Po的厦门岛沿岸地区大气过程示踪研究及辐射剂量评估[J]应用海洋学学报,2016,35(2):266-274.Men Wu,Lin Jing,Wang Fenfen,et al.Atmospheric processes studies and radiation dose assessment based on 7Be,210Pb and 210Po around Xiamen Island[J].JAppl Oceanog,2016,35(2):266-274.
[3]Suzuki T,Maruyama Y,Nakayama N,et al.Measurement of the 210Po/210Pb activity ratio in size fractionated aerosols from the coast of the Japan sea[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(33):2285-2288.
[4]Yamamoto M,Sakaguchi A.Measurements of 210Po and 210Pb in total sample:estimate of dietary of 210Po and 210Pb for Japanese[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2009,279(1):93-103.
[5]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB11713-2015高纯锗γ能谱分析通用方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.National Health and Family Planning Commission,People’s Republic of China.GB/T 11713-2015 General Analytical Methods of High-Purity Germanium Gamma Spectrometer[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015.
[6]张京,徐翠华,付杰.大流量气溶胶样品分析中的γ能谱效率刻度[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2007,27(4):398-399.Zhang Jing,Xu Cuihua,Fu Jie.γ-spectrum calibration techniques in aerosol samples collected with high flux air sampler[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2007,27(4):398-399.
[7]Stein A F,Draxler R R,Rolph G D,et al.Noaa’s Hysplit atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2015,96:2059-2077.
[8]Rolph G D.Real-time environmental applications and display system(READY)website[J/OL].NOAA Air Resources Laboratory,Silver Spring,2003[2018-02-08]http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html.
[9]Moffet R C,Foy B,Molina L T,et al.Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico city by single particle mass spectrometry[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(16):4499-45l6.
[10]Turekian K K,Graustein W C,Cockran J K,1989.Lead-210 in the SEAREX Program:an Aerosol Tracer Across the Pacific[M].Riley J P,Chester R,Duce R A.Chemical Oceanography.London:Academic Press,2017:51-81.
[2]门武,林静,王芬芬,等.基于7Be、210Pb和210Po的厦门岛沿岸地区大气过程示踪研究及辐射剂量评估[J]应用海洋学学报,2016,35(2):266-274.Men Wu,Lin Jing,Wang Fenfen,et al.Atmospheric processes studies and radiation dose assessment based on 7Be,210Pb and 210Po around Xiamen Island[J].JAppl Oceanog,2016,35(2):266-274.
[3]Suzuki T,Maruyama Y,Nakayama N,et al.Measurement of the 210Po/210Pb activity ratio in size fractionated aerosols from the coast of the Japan sea[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(33):2285-2288.
[4]Yamamoto M,Sakaguchi A.Measurements of 210Po and 210Pb in total sample:estimate of dietary of 210Po and 210Pb for Japanese[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2009,279(1):93-103.
[5]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB11713-2015高纯锗γ能谱分析通用方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.National Health and Family Planning Commission,People’s Republic of China.GB/T 11713-2015 General Analytical Methods of High-Purity Germanium Gamma Spectrometer[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015.
[6]张京,徐翠华,付杰.大流量气溶胶样品分析中的γ能谱效率刻度[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2007,27(4):398-399.Zhang Jing,Xu Cuihua,Fu Jie.γ-spectrum calibration techniques in aerosol samples collected with high flux air sampler[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2007,27(4):398-399.
[7]Stein A F,Draxler R R,Rolph G D,et al.Noaa’s Hysplit atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,2015,96:2059-2077.
[8]Rolph G D.Real-time environmental applications and display system(READY)website[J/OL].NOAA Air Resources Laboratory,Silver Spring,2003[2018-02-08]http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html.
[9]Moffet R C,Foy B,Molina L T,et al.Measurement of ambient aerosols in northern Mexico city by single particle mass spectrometry[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(16):4499-45l6.
[10]Turekian K K,Graustein W C,Cockran J K,1989.Lead-210 in the SEAREX Program:an Aerosol Tracer Across the Pacific[M].Riley J P,Chester R,Duce R A.Chemical Oceanography.London:Academic Press,2017:51-81.