基于Green-Ampt和Philip模型的波涌灌间歇入渗模型研究
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摘要
为了进一步揭示波涌灌间歇入渗的影响机制与规律,基于Green-Ampt和Philip入渗模型理论,建立了波涌灌间歇入渗分区模型,将第2供水周期及其后的供水周期内形成的入渗湿润区分别划分为重力势湿润区和基质势湿润区,并阐述了基于间歇入渗过程湿润区的分区入渗理论,通过Green-Ampt模型和Philip模型参数间的内在联系,建立了关于土壤体积含水率增量与累积入渗量之间的数学模型,并进一步根据土壤体积含水率增量与累积入渗量之间的线性图形特征,确定了不同分区下各供水周期的水分运动参数,分别为湿润锋面处吸力hf与表征饱和导水率Ks,且各间歇周期供水阶段的hf随着周期数的增大呈减小趋势,最后,利用分区模型将不同供水周期下的累积入渗量与湿润锋运移距离计算值同实测资料相比较,与实际值相比总体平均相对偏差分别为3.6%和8.6%,改进模型的适用性较好,拟合精度较高。因此,该模型可以较准确地描述波涌灌间歇入渗机理,为波涌灌灌水技术的合理设计提供了理论依据。
In order to reveal the further influence mechanism and law of intermittent infiltration of surge irrigation,based on the theory of Green-Ampt and Philip models,this paper proposes the concept of dividing the infiltration and wetting zone of the second water supply period and later period of water supply into two zones. The two zones were humid region of gravity potential and matrix potential. And the infiltration of concept characteristics of two zones was described. Building a mathematical model of the increasing capacity of volumetric water content by the inner relationship between the parameters of the two models( Green-Ampt and Philip models) and based on the linear pattern characteristics between the increment of soil volumetric water content and cumulative infiltration capacity,the water movement parameters of different water supply periods were determined. One of the water movement parameters was suction value of wetting flog hfand another was characterized saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. The value of hfof intermittent period has the decreasing trend with the increase of the number of cycles.Finally,using the improved model to compare the calculated cumulative infiltration capacity and wetting front with measured data,a higher fitting precision was acquired. Compared with the measured data,the overall average relative deviations were 3. 6% and 8. 6% respectively. The improved model has good applicability. Hence a more accurate description of the mechanism of intermittent infiltration of surge irrigation could be described by this model which provides theoretical basis for the reasonable design ofsurge flow irrigation technology.
In order to reveal the further influence mechanism and law of intermittent infiltration of surge irrigation,based on the theory of Green-Ampt and Philip models,this paper proposes the concept of dividing the infiltration and wetting zone of the second water supply period and later period of water supply into two zones. The two zones were humid region of gravity potential and matrix potential. And the infiltration of concept characteristics of two zones was described. Building a mathematical model of the increasing capacity of volumetric water content by the inner relationship between the parameters of the two models( Green-Ampt and Philip models) and based on the linear pattern characteristics between the increment of soil volumetric water content and cumulative infiltration capacity,the water movement parameters of different water supply periods were determined. One of the water movement parameters was suction value of wetting flog hfand another was characterized saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. The value of hfof intermittent period has the decreasing trend with the increase of the number of cycles.Finally,using the improved model to compare the calculated cumulative infiltration capacity and wetting front with measured data,a higher fitting precision was acquired. Compared with the measured data,the overall average relative deviations were 3. 6% and 8. 6% respectively. The improved model has good applicability. Hence a more accurate description of the mechanism of intermittent infiltration of surge irrigation could be described by this model which provides theoretical basis for the reasonable design ofsurge flow irrigation technology.
引文
1刘群昌,许迪,谢崇宝,等.波涌灌溉技术田间适应性分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(1):35-40,12.LIU Qunchang,XU Di,XIE Chongbao,et al.Adaptability of surge flow irrigation applying on farmland affiliation[J]Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(1):35-40,12.(in Chinese)
2王文焰,费良军,汪志荣,等.浑水波涌灌溉的节水机理与效果[J].水利学报,2001,32(5):5-10,16.WANG Wenyan,FEI Liangjun,WANG Zhirong,et al.Water-saving mechanism and the effects of muddy water surge-flow irrigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(5):5-10,16.(in Chinese)
3王文焰,汪志荣,费良军,等.波涌灌溉的灌水质量评价及计算[J].水利学报,2000,31(3):55-60.WANG Wenyan,WANG Zhirong,FEI Liangjun,et al.Evaluation and calculation of irrigation quality in surge flow irrigation[J]Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(3):55-60.(in Chinese)
4 BENHAM B I,REDDELL D L,MAREK T H.Performance of three infiltration models under surge irrigation[J].Irrigation Science,2000,20(1):37-43.
5 ISMAIL S M,DEPEWEG H.Simulation of continuous and surge flow irrigation under short field conditions[J].Irrigation and Drainage,2005,54(2):217-230.
6费良军,王文焰.浑水间歇入渗模型研究[J].水利学报,1999,30(2):41-44.FEI Liangjun,WANG Wenyan.Study on mathematical model for muddy water intermittent infiltration[J].Journal of Hydrauli Engineering,1999,30(2):41-44.(in Chinese)
7费良军,王云涛.波涌畦灌灌水技术要素的优化组合研究[J].水利学报,1996,27(12):16-22,28.FEI Liangjun,WANG Yuntao.Study on optimization for combination of technical parameters in surge flow border irrigation[J]Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996,27(12):16-22,28.(in Chinese)
8吴军虎,费良军,李怀恩,等.波涌灌溉土壤间歇入渗数学模型研究现状[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(5):51-53,58.WU Junhu,FEI Liangjun,LI Huaien,et al.Review on infiltration model for surge irrigation[J].Journal of Soil and Wate Conservation,2003,17(5):51-53,58.(in Chinese)
9傅渝亮,费良军,聂卫波,等.波涌灌间歇入渗饱和-非饱和土壤水分运动数值模拟及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):66-71.FU Yuliang,FEI Liangjun,NIE Weibo,et al.Numerical simulation and experiment of soil moisture movement in saturatedunsaturated soil under surge irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(2):66-71.(in Chinese)
10樊贵盛,张建丰.大田土壤间歇入渗试验方法及其精度提高措施[J].农田水利与小水电,1993(6):18-22.FAN Guicheng,ZHANG Jianfeng.On the experiment method of field soil the intermittent infiltration and measures for enhancing the experiment precision[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,1993(6):18-22.(in Chinese)
11樊贵盛,潘光在.波涌灌地面水流运动的零惯量模型及数值计算[J].水利学报,1994,25(6):66-73.FAN Guicheng,PAN Guangzai.The zero-inertia mathematical model and numerical method for the flow in surge irrigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1994,25(6):66-73.(in Chinese)
12汪志荣,王文焰,王全九,等.间歇供水条件下Green-Ampt模型[J].西北水资源与水工程,1998,9(3):7-10.WANG Zhirong,WANG Wenyan,WANG Quanjiu,et al.The Green-Ampt model of surge flow irrigation[J].Water Resources&Water Engineering,1998,9(3):7-10.(in Chinese)
13彭振阳,黄介生,伍靖伟,等.基于分层假设的Green-Ampt模型改进[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):59-66.PENG Zhenyang,HUANG Jiesheng,WU Jingwei,et al.Modification of Green-Ampt model based on the stratification hypothesis[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(1):59-66.(in Chinese)
14张光辉,邵明安.用土壤物理特性推求Green-Ampt入渗模型中吸力参数Sf[J].土壤学报,2000,37(4):553-557.ZHANG Guanghui,SHAO Ming'an.Using soil physical properties to determine the absorptive parameter sf in Green-Ampt infiltration model[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(4):553-557.(in Chinese)
15 KHANJI J,MOREL-SEYTOUX H J.Derivation of an equation of infiltration[J].Water Resources Research,1974,10(4):795-800.
16 BEVEN K.Infiltration into a class of vertically non-uniform soils[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,1984,29(4):425-434.
17 PHILIP J R.The theory of infiltration about sorptivity and alebraic infiltration equations[J].Soil Science,1957,83(5):345-357.
18 GREENA1 W H,AMPT G A.Studies on soil physics[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1911,1(4):1-24.
19王全九,来剑斌,李毅.Green-Ampt模型与Philip入渗模型的对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):13-16.WANG Quanjiu,LAI Jianbin,LI Yi.Comparison of Green-Ampt model with philip infiltration model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(2):13-16.(in Chinese)
20史晓楠,王全九,巨龙.微咸水入渗条件下Philip模型与Green-Ampt模型参数的对比分析[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):360-363.SHI Xiaonan,WANG Quanjiu,JU Long.Parameters of Philip and Green-Ampt models for soils infiltrated with brackish water[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(2):360-363.(in Chinese)
21吴军虎,乔莲莲,费良军.肥液间歇入渗土壤湿润特性实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):5-9.WU Junhu,QIAO Lianlian,FEI Liangjun.Soil wetting characteristic under intermittent infiltration of fertilizer solution[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(5):5-9.(in Chinese)
22吴军虎.波涌灌溉间歇入渗水氮运移特性试验及数值模拟[D].西安:西安理工大学,2004:37-38.
2王文焰,费良军,汪志荣,等.浑水波涌灌溉的节水机理与效果[J].水利学报,2001,32(5):5-10,16.WANG Wenyan,FEI Liangjun,WANG Zhirong,et al.Water-saving mechanism and the effects of muddy water surge-flow irrigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(5):5-10,16.(in Chinese)
3王文焰,汪志荣,费良军,等.波涌灌溉的灌水质量评价及计算[J].水利学报,2000,31(3):55-60.WANG Wenyan,WANG Zhirong,FEI Liangjun,et al.Evaluation and calculation of irrigation quality in surge flow irrigation[J]Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(3):55-60.(in Chinese)
4 BENHAM B I,REDDELL D L,MAREK T H.Performance of three infiltration models under surge irrigation[J].Irrigation Science,2000,20(1):37-43.
5 ISMAIL S M,DEPEWEG H.Simulation of continuous and surge flow irrigation under short field conditions[J].Irrigation and Drainage,2005,54(2):217-230.
6费良军,王文焰.浑水间歇入渗模型研究[J].水利学报,1999,30(2):41-44.FEI Liangjun,WANG Wenyan.Study on mathematical model for muddy water intermittent infiltration[J].Journal of Hydrauli Engineering,1999,30(2):41-44.(in Chinese)
7费良军,王云涛.波涌畦灌灌水技术要素的优化组合研究[J].水利学报,1996,27(12):16-22,28.FEI Liangjun,WANG Yuntao.Study on optimization for combination of technical parameters in surge flow border irrigation[J]Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996,27(12):16-22,28.(in Chinese)
8吴军虎,费良军,李怀恩,等.波涌灌溉土壤间歇入渗数学模型研究现状[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(5):51-53,58.WU Junhu,FEI Liangjun,LI Huaien,et al.Review on infiltration model for surge irrigation[J].Journal of Soil and Wate Conservation,2003,17(5):51-53,58.(in Chinese)
9傅渝亮,费良军,聂卫波,等.波涌灌间歇入渗饱和-非饱和土壤水分运动数值模拟及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):66-71.FU Yuliang,FEI Liangjun,NIE Weibo,et al.Numerical simulation and experiment of soil moisture movement in saturatedunsaturated soil under surge irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(2):66-71.(in Chinese)
10樊贵盛,张建丰.大田土壤间歇入渗试验方法及其精度提高措施[J].农田水利与小水电,1993(6):18-22.FAN Guicheng,ZHANG Jianfeng.On the experiment method of field soil the intermittent infiltration and measures for enhancing the experiment precision[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,1993(6):18-22.(in Chinese)
11樊贵盛,潘光在.波涌灌地面水流运动的零惯量模型及数值计算[J].水利学报,1994,25(6):66-73.FAN Guicheng,PAN Guangzai.The zero-inertia mathematical model and numerical method for the flow in surge irrigation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1994,25(6):66-73.(in Chinese)
12汪志荣,王文焰,王全九,等.间歇供水条件下Green-Ampt模型[J].西北水资源与水工程,1998,9(3):7-10.WANG Zhirong,WANG Wenyan,WANG Quanjiu,et al.The Green-Ampt model of surge flow irrigation[J].Water Resources&Water Engineering,1998,9(3):7-10.(in Chinese)
13彭振阳,黄介生,伍靖伟,等.基于分层假设的Green-Ampt模型改进[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):59-66.PENG Zhenyang,HUANG Jiesheng,WU Jingwei,et al.Modification of Green-Ampt model based on the stratification hypothesis[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(1):59-66.(in Chinese)
14张光辉,邵明安.用土壤物理特性推求Green-Ampt入渗模型中吸力参数Sf[J].土壤学报,2000,37(4):553-557.ZHANG Guanghui,SHAO Ming'an.Using soil physical properties to determine the absorptive parameter sf in Green-Ampt infiltration model[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(4):553-557.(in Chinese)
15 KHANJI J,MOREL-SEYTOUX H J.Derivation of an equation of infiltration[J].Water Resources Research,1974,10(4):795-800.
16 BEVEN K.Infiltration into a class of vertically non-uniform soils[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,1984,29(4):425-434.
17 PHILIP J R.The theory of infiltration about sorptivity and alebraic infiltration equations[J].Soil Science,1957,83(5):345-357.
18 GREENA1 W H,AMPT G A.Studies on soil physics[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1911,1(4):1-24.
19王全九,来剑斌,李毅.Green-Ampt模型与Philip入渗模型的对比分析[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(2):13-16.WANG Quanjiu,LAI Jianbin,LI Yi.Comparison of Green-Ampt model with philip infiltration model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(2):13-16.(in Chinese)
20史晓楠,王全九,巨龙.微咸水入渗条件下Philip模型与Green-Ampt模型参数的对比分析[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):360-363.SHI Xiaonan,WANG Quanjiu,JU Long.Parameters of Philip and Green-Ampt models for soils infiltrated with brackish water[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(2):360-363.(in Chinese)
21吴军虎,乔莲莲,费良军.肥液间歇入渗土壤湿润特性实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):5-9.WU Junhu,QIAO Lianlian,FEI Liangjun.Soil wetting characteristic under intermittent infiltration of fertilizer solution[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(5):5-9.(in Chinese)
22吴军虎.波涌灌溉间歇入渗水氮运移特性试验及数值模拟[D].西安:西安理工大学,2004:37-38.