SH波斜入射盆地地表的时域非线性地震反应分析
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摘要
本文利用二维时域非线性场地地震反应分析程序,针对3个不同的盆地,利用具有不同峰值、不同频谱特性的实际地震记录以不同角度入射作为输入基岩的SH波,共组成513个工况,研究了盆地地表加速度峰值和反应谱随地震波入射角变化的特征和规律,发现地震波入射角对二者均有重要影响。地表加速度峰值放大系数的最大值并非出现在地震波垂直入射(0°)时,而是大致在15°~35°之间,按垂直入射得出的计算结果在某些部位可能偏于不安全;入射角对加速度反应谱的短周期分量(<1s)影响较大,而对其中的长周期分量(>1s)影响较小;在强震作用下盆地土体将发生较强的非线性响应,导致地表加速度放大系数减小;随着梯形盆地坡角的增大,最不利位置有从盆地边缘向盆地中部转移的趋势,同时本文给出了盆地的最不利位置,对工程实践具有一定的参考价值。
This article studies the impact of incident angle of seismic wave on the peak ground acceleration(PGA) and response spectrum of ground motion of the basin by using two-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analysis program. 513 working conditions from 3 basins were studied,the SH wave was taken from recorded seismic wave of different peaks and different frequency spectrum. The incident angle has an important impact on both PGA and response spectrum. The maximum amplification ratio of the PGAs is not from the one vertically incident seismic wave,but in range of 15° ~ 35°,if only vertically incident angle of seismic wave is considered,it may give unsafe results for some parts; the incident angle also has a greater effect on response spectra at short-periods( < 1 s) than those at long-periods( > 1 s); Strong nonlinear soil response in basin occurs under strong earthquake,which leads to decrease of ground amplification ratio. With increase of slope angle of the basin,there is a trend of shift of unfavorable position from the edge toward the center of the basin. This article gives the positions of stronger responses on the ground surface of basin,which will offers an important reference to engineering practice.
This article studies the impact of incident angle of seismic wave on the peak ground acceleration(PGA) and response spectrum of ground motion of the basin by using two-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analysis program. 513 working conditions from 3 basins were studied,the SH wave was taken from recorded seismic wave of different peaks and different frequency spectrum. The incident angle has an important impact on both PGA and response spectrum. The maximum amplification ratio of the PGAs is not from the one vertically incident seismic wave,but in range of 15° ~ 35°,if only vertically incident angle of seismic wave is considered,it may give unsafe results for some parts; the incident angle also has a greater effect on response spectra at short-periods( < 1 s) than those at long-periods( > 1 s); Strong nonlinear soil response in basin occurs under strong earthquake,which leads to decrease of ground amplification ratio. With increase of slope angle of the basin,there is a trend of shift of unfavorable position from the edge toward the center of the basin. This article gives the positions of stronger responses on the ground surface of basin,which will offers an important reference to engineering practice.
引文
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[13]李媛媛,徐扬,李冬梅.不同类别场地地震动反应分析[J].山西地震,2005(4):27-33.(Li Yuanyuan,Xu Yang,Li Dongmei.Ground motion response analysis of different types of sites[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2005(4):27-33.(in Chinese))
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[15]尤红兵,赵凤新,荣棉水.地震波斜入射时水平层状场地的非线性地震反应[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(2):234-240.(You Hongbing,Zhao Fengxin,Rong Jinshui.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of horizontally layered site under oblique incident seismic waves[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(2):234-240.(in Chinese))
[16]廖河山,陈清军,徐植信.SH波倾斜入射时土层的非线性响应分析[J].同济大学学报,1994,22(4):517-522.(Liao Heshan,Chen Qingjun,Xu Zhixin.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of soil layers under oblique incident seismic SH waves[J].Journal of Tongji University,1994,22(4):517-522.(in Chinese))
[17]张伯艳,陈厚群,苏克忠.地震波的入射方向对河谷岸坡放大系数的影响[J].水利水电技术,1999,30(9):42-44.(Zhang Boyan,Chen Houqun,Su Kezhong.Effect of incident direction on amplification coefficient of valley slope[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1999,30(9):42-44.(in Chinese))
[18]李山有,廖振鹏.地震体波斜入射情形下台阶地形引起的波型转换[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):9-15.(Li Shanyou,Liao Zhenpeng.Mode conversion of oblique incident body waves triggered by level terrain[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(4):9-15.(in Chinese))
[19]William B.Joyner.A method for calculating nonlinear seismic response in two dimensions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65(5):1 337-1 357.
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准.工程场地地震安全性评价(GB 17741-2005)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.(Chinese National Standards.Seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites(GB 17741-2005)[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005.(in Chinese))
[21]Boore,D.M.,K.L.Lamer and K.Aki.Comparison of two independent methods for the solution of wavescattering problems:Response of a sedimentary basin to vertically incident SH waves[J].J.Geophys.Res,1971,76:558-569.
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(Chinese National Standards.Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2001)[S].Beijing:China Building and Architecture Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[2]兰景岩,吕跃军,刘红帅.地震动强度及频谱特征对场地地震反应分析结果的影响[J].震灾防御技术,2012,7(1):37-45.(Lan Jingyan,Lv Yuejun,Liu Hongshuai.Effect of ground motion intensity and spectral characteristics on site seismic response[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2012,7(1):37-45.(in Chinese))
[3]李小军,彭肯.不同类别场地地震动参数的计算分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(3):29-36.(Li Xiaojun,Peng Ken.Analysis of ground motion parameters of different types of site[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(3):29-36.(in Chinese))
[4]李小军,彭肯,刘文忠.设计地震动参数确定中的场地影响考虑[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(4):34-41.(Li Xiaojun,Peng Ken,Liu Wenzhong.Effect of site condition on ground motion parameters[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2001,17(4):34-41.(in Chinese))
[5]朱东生,虞庐松,陈兴冲.地震动强度对场地地震反应的影响[J].世界地震工程,2005,21(2):115-119.(Zhu Dongsheng,Yu Lusong.Chen Xingchong.Effect of ground motion intensity on site seismic response[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2005,21(2):115-119.(in Chinese))
[6]F.Gelagoti,R.Kourkoufis,I.Anastasopoulos,et al.Nonlinear.dimensional analysis of trapezoidal valleys subjected to vertically propagating SV waves[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012,102(3):999-1 017.
[7]M.Rassem,A.Ghobarah and A.C.Heldebrecht.Engineering perspective for the seismic site response of alluvial valleys[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997,26:477-493.
[8]Konstantia Makra,Francisco J.Chavez-Garcia,Dimitrios Raptakis,et al.Parametric analysis of the seismic response of a 2D sedimentary valley:implications for code implementations of complex site effects[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25:303-315.
[9]Behrouz Gatmiri,Talat Foroutan.New criteria on the filling ratio and impedance ratio effects in seismic response evaluation of the partial filled alluvial valleys[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2012,41:89-101.
[10]Pierre-Yves Bard and Michel Bouchon.The two-dimensional resonace of sediment-filled valleys[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1985,75(2):519:541.
[11]兰景岩,薄景山,吕悦军.剪切波速对设计反应谱的影响研究[J].震灾防御技术,2007,2(1):19-24.(Lan Jingyan,Bo Jingshan,Lv Yuejun.Effect of shear wave velocity on design response spectrum[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2007,2(1):19-24.(in Chinese))
[12]刘红帅,薄景山,吴兆营,等.土体参数对地表加速度峰值和反应谱的影响[J].地震研究,2005,28(2):167-171.(Liu Hongshuai,Bo Jingshan,Wu Zhaoying et al.Effect of soil parameters on PGA and acceleration spectrum[J].Earthquake Study,2005,28(2):167-171.(in Chinese))
[13]李媛媛,徐扬,李冬梅.不同类别场地地震动反应分析[J].山西地震,2005(4):27-33.(Li Yuanyuan,Xu Yang,Li Dongmei.Ground motion response analysis of different types of sites[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2005(4):27-33.(in Chinese))
[14]周锡元,徐渭,符圣聪.地震工程概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1977.(Zhou Xiyuan,Xu Wei,Fu Shengcong.Introduction to earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,1977.(in Chinese))
[15]尤红兵,赵凤新,荣棉水.地震波斜入射时水平层状场地的非线性地震反应[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(2):234-240.(You Hongbing,Zhao Fengxin,Rong Jinshui.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of horizontally layered site under oblique incident seismic waves[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(2):234-240.(in Chinese))
[16]廖河山,陈清军,徐植信.SH波倾斜入射时土层的非线性响应分析[J].同济大学学报,1994,22(4):517-522.(Liao Heshan,Chen Qingjun,Xu Zhixin.Nonlinear seismic response analysis of soil layers under oblique incident seismic SH waves[J].Journal of Tongji University,1994,22(4):517-522.(in Chinese))
[17]张伯艳,陈厚群,苏克忠.地震波的入射方向对河谷岸坡放大系数的影响[J].水利水电技术,1999,30(9):42-44.(Zhang Boyan,Chen Houqun,Su Kezhong.Effect of incident direction on amplification coefficient of valley slope[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1999,30(9):42-44.(in Chinese))
[18]李山有,廖振鹏.地震体波斜入射情形下台阶地形引起的波型转换[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):9-15.(Li Shanyou,Liao Zhenpeng.Mode conversion of oblique incident body waves triggered by level terrain[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(4):9-15.(in Chinese))
[19]William B.Joyner.A method for calculating nonlinear seismic response in two dimensions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65(5):1 337-1 357.
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准.工程场地地震安全性评价(GB 17741-2005)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.(Chinese National Standards.Seismic safety evaluation of engineering sites(GB 17741-2005)[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005.(in Chinese))
[21]Boore,D.M.,K.L.Lamer and K.Aki.Comparison of two independent methods for the solution of wavescattering problems:Response of a sedimentary basin to vertically incident SH waves[J].J.Geophys.Res,1971,76:558-569.
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(Chinese National Standards.Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2001)[S].Beijing:China Building and Architecture Press,2001.(in Chinese))