Update on diagnosis and management of cuboid fractures
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摘要
Cuboid fractures due to the particular bone anatomy and its protected location in the midfoot are rare, and they are usually associated with complex injuries of the foot. Clinical examination to diagnose these fractures should be detailed and the differential diagnosis, especially in the case of vague symptoms, should include the exclusion of all lateral foot pain causes. Conventional radiographs do not always reveal occult fractures, which can be under diagnosed especially in children. In this case, further investigation including magnetic resonance imaging or scintigraphy may be required. The treatment of these injuries depends on the particular fracture characteristics. Non-displaced isolated fractures of the cuboid bone can be effectively treated conservatively by immobilization and by avoiding weight bearing on the injured leg. In the case of shortening of the lateral column> 3 mm or articular displacement > 1 mm, surgical management of the fracture is mandatory in order to avoid negative biomechanical and functional consequences for the foot and adverse effects such as arthritis and stiffness as well as painful gait. In this review, an update on diagnosis and management of cuboid fractures is presented.
Cuboid fractures due to the particular bone anatomy and its protected location in the midfoot are rare, and they are usually associated with complex injuries of the foot. Clinical examination to diagnose these fractures should be detailed and the differential diagnosis, especially in the case of vague symptoms, should include the exclusion of all lateral foot pain causes. Conventional radiographs do not always reveal occult fractures, which can be under diagnosed especially in children. In this case, further investigation including magnetic resonance imaging or scintigraphy may be required. The treatment of these injuries depends on the particular fracture characteristics. Non-displaced isolated fractures of the cuboid bone can be effectively treated conservatively by immobilization and by avoiding weight bearing on the injured leg. In the case of shortening of the lateral column> 3 mm or articular displacement > 1 mm, surgical management of the fracture is mandatory in order to avoid negative biomechanical and functional consequences for the foot and adverse effects such as arthritis and stiffness as well as painful gait. In this review, an update on diagnosis and management of cuboid fractures is presented.
Cuboid fractures due to the particular bone anatomy and its protected location in the midfoot are rare, and they are usually associated with complex injuries of the foot. Clinical examination to diagnose these fractures should be detailed and the differential diagnosis, especially in the case of vague symptoms, should include the exclusion of all lateral foot pain causes. Conventional radiographs do not always reveal occult fractures, which can be under diagnosed especially in children. In this case, further investigation including magnetic resonance imaging or scintigraphy may be required. The treatment of these injuries depends on the particular fracture characteristics. Non-displaced isolated fractures of the cuboid bone can be effectively treated conservatively by immobilization and by avoiding weight bearing on the injured leg. In the case of shortening of the lateral column> 3 mm or articular displacement > 1 mm, surgical management of the fracture is mandatory in order to avoid negative biomechanical and functional consequences for the foot and adverse effects such as arthritis and stiffness as well as painful gait. In this review, an update on diagnosis and management of cuboid fractures is presented.
引文
1 Court-Brown C,Zinna S,Ekrol I.Classification and epidemiology of midfoot fractures.Foot 2006;16:138-141[DOI:10.1016/j.foot.2006.03.003]
2 Miller TT,Pavlov H,Gupta M,Schultz E,Greben C.Isolated injury of the cuboid bone.Emerg Radiol2002;9:272-277[PMID:15290553 DOI:10.1007/s10140-002-0240-9]
3 Ohmori T,Katsuo S,Sunayama C,Mizuno K,Ojima T,Yamakado K,Ando T,Watanabe S,Hayashi S,Tsuchiya H.A Case Report of Isolated Cuboid Nutcracker Fracture.Case Rep Orthop 2016;2016:3264172[PMID:27313925 DOI:10.1155/2016/3264172]
4 Borrelli J,De S,VanPelt M.Fracture of the cuboid.J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2012;20:472-477[PMID:22751166 DOI:10.5435/JAAOS-20-07-472]
5 Enns P,Pavlidis T,Stahl JP,Horas U,Schnettler R.Sonographic detection of an isolated cuboid bone fracture not visualized on plain radiographs.J Clin Ultrasound 2004;32:154-157[PMID:14994258 DOI:10.1002/jcu.20009]
6 Hermel MB,GERSHON-COHEN J.The nutcracker fracture of the cuboid by indirect violence.Radiology1953;60:850-854[PMID:13064390 DOI:10.1148/60.6.850]
7 Ceroni D,De Rosa V,De Coulon G,Kaelin A.Cuboid nutcracker fracture due to horseback riding in children:Case series and review of the literature.J Pediatr Orthop 2007;27:557-561[PMID:17585267DOI:10.1097/01.bpb.0000279031.66774.c0]
8 Chen JB.Cuboid stress fracture.A case report.J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1993;83:153-155[PMID:8468697 DOI:10.7547/87507315-83-3-153]
9 Blumberg K,Patterson RJ.The toddler's cuboid fracture.Radiology 1991;179:93-94[PMID:2006311DOI:10.1148/radiology.179.1.2006311]
10 Blumberg K,Patterson RJ.Fractures of the cuboid bone in toddlers.Pediatr Radiol 1999;29:563[PMID:10398800 DOI:10.1007/s002470050647]
11 Senaran H,Mason D,De Pellegrin M.Cuboid fractures in preschool children.J Pediatr Orthop 2006;26:741-744[PMID:17065937 DOI:10.1097/01.bpo.0000242378.87724.7b]
12 Joo SY,Jeong C.Stress fracture of tarsal cuboid bone in early childhood.Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol2015;25:595-599[PMID:25249481 DOI:10.1007/s00590-014-1543-8]
13 Simonian PT,Vahey JW,Rosenbaum DM,Mosca VS,Staheli LT.Fracture of the cuboid in children.Asource of leg symptoms.J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;77:104-106[PMID:7822362 DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.77B1.7822362]
14 Yu SM,Dardani M,Yu JS.MRI of isolated cuboid stress fractures in adults.AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;201:1325-1330[PMID:24147421 DOI:10.2214/AJR.13.10543]
15 Beaman DN,Roeser WM,Holmes JR,Saltzman CL.Cuboid stress fractures:a report of two cases.Foot Ankle 1993;14:525-528[PMID:8314188 DOI:10.1177/107110079301400907]
16 Hagino T,Ochiai S,Watanabe Y,Senga S,Takayama Y,Haro H.A case of a cuboid bone stress fracture in a senior high school rugby athlete.AP-SMART 2014;1:132-135[DOI:10.1016/j.asmart.2014.09.001]
17 Franco M,Albano L,Kacso I,Ga?d H,Jaeger P.An uncommon cause of foot pain:The cuboid insufficiency stress fracture.Joint Bone Spine 2005;72:76-78[PMID:15681254 DOI:10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.03.001]
18 Greaney RB,Gerber FH,Laughlin RL,Kmet JP,Metz CD,Kilcheski TS,Rao BR,Silverman ED.Distribution and natural history of stress fractures in U.S.Marine recruits.Radiology 1983;146:339-346[PMID:6217486 DOI:10.1148/radiology.146.2.6217486]
19 Fenton P,Al-Nammari S,Blundell C,Davies M.The patterns of injury and management of cuboid fractures:a retrospective case series.Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1003-1008[PMID:27365481 DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.98B7.36639]
20 Mihalich RM,Early JS.Management of cuboid crush injuries.Foot Ankle Clin 2006;11:121-126,ix[PMID:16564457 DOI:10.1016/j.fcl.2005.11.001]
21 Kolker D,Marti CB,Gautier E.Pericuboid fracture-dislocation with cuboid subluxation.Foot Ankle Int2002;23:163-167[PMID:11858339 DOI:10.1177/107110070202300215]
22 Yu G,Yu T,Yang Y,Li B,Yuan F,Zhou J.Nutcracker fracture of the cuboid:management and results.Acta Orthop Belg 2012;78:216-219[PMID:22696993 DOI:10.1007/s00132-012-1903-1]
23 Clements JR,Dijour F,Leong W.Surgical Management Navicular and Cuboid Fractures.Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2018;35:145-159[PMID:29482786 DOI:10.1016/j.cpm.2017.12.001]
24 O'Dell MC,Chauvin NA,Jaramillo D,Biko DM.MR imaging features of cuboid fractures in children.Pediatr Radiol 2018;48:680-685[PMID:29427027 DOI:10.1007/s00247-018-4076-1]
25 Pountos I,Panteli M,Giannoudis PV.Cuboid Injuries.Indian J Orthop 2018;52:297-303[PMID:29887632 DOI:10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_610_17]
26 Lucerna A,Espinosa J,Butler N,Wenke A,Caltabiano N.Nutcracker Cuboid Fracture:A Case Report and Review.Case Rep Emerg Med 2018;2018:3804642[PMID:29850286 DOI:10.1155/2018/3804642]
27 Holbein O,Bauer G,Kinzl L.Fracture of the cuboid in children:case report and review of the literature.JPediatr Orthop 1998;18:466-468[PMID:9661854 DOI:10.1097/00004694-199807000-00012]
28 Traister E,Simons S.Diagnostic considerations of lateral column foot pain in athletes.Curr Sports Med Rep 2014;13:370-376[PMID:25391092 DOI:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000099]
29 Dodson NB,Dodson EE,Shromoff PJ.Imaging strategies for diagnosing calcaneal and cuboid stress fractures.Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2008;25:183-201,vi[PMID:18346590 DOI:10.1016/j.cpm.2007.12.001]
30 Wang CL,Shieh JY,Wang TG,Hsieh FJ.Sonographic detection of occult fractures in the foot and ankle.J Clin Ultrasound 1999;27:421-425[PMID:10477883 DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199910)27:8<421::AID-JCU2>3.0.CO;2-E]
31 Preidler KW,Peicha G,Lajtai G,Seibert FJ,Fock C,Szolar DM,Raith H.Conventional radiography,CT,and MR imaging in patients with hyperflexion injuries of the foot:diagnostic accuracy in the detection of bony and ligamentous changes.AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:1673-1677[PMID:10584818 DOI:10.2214/ajr.173.6.10584818]
32 Sadineni RT,Pasumarthy A,Bellapa NC,Velicheti S.Imaging Patterns in MRI in Recent Bone Injuries Following Negative or Inconclusive Plain Radiographs.J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:TC10-TC13[PMID:26557590 DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2015/15451.6685]
33 Feldman F,Staron R,Zwass A,Rubin S,Haramati N.MR imaging:its role in detecting occult fractures.Skeletal Radiol 1994;23:439-444[PMID:7992109 DOI:10.1007/BF00204604]
34 Unnithan S,Thomas J.Not all ankle injuries are ankle sprains-Case of an isolated cuboid stress fracture.Clin Pract 2018;8:1093[PMID:30090220 DOI:10.4081/cp.2018.1093]
35 Patterson SM.Cuboid syndrome:a review of the literature.J Sports Sci Med 2006;5:597-606[PMID:24357955 DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.07.006]
36 Durall CJ.Examination and treatment of cuboid syndrome:A literature review.Sports Health 2011;3:514-519[PMID:23016051 DOI:10.1177/1941738111405965]
37 Schick F,Karanjia H,Daniel J,Dheer S,Langman C,Taweel N,Sullivan P,Lebaron T.Spontaneous Fracture of the Os Peroneum With Rupture of the Peroneus Longus Tendon.J Foot Ankle Surg 2018;57:790-793[PMID:29631970 DOI:10.1053/j.jfas.2017.11.007]
38 Holbein O,Bauer G,Kinzl K.Displaced fractures of the cuboid:four case reports and review of the literature.Foot and Ankle Surgery 1997;3:85-93[DOI:10.1046/j.1460-9584.1997.00052.x]
39 Ahmed A,Westrick E.Management of Midfoot Fractures and Dislocations.Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med2018;11:529-536[PMID:30196386 DOI:10.1007/s12178-018-9518-8]
40 Rony L,de Sainte Hermine P,Steiger V,Ferchaud F,Cronier P.Clinical and radiological outcomes of a cohort of 9 patients with anatomical fractures of the cuboid treated by locking plate fixation.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018;104:245-249[PMID:29408687 DOI:10.1016/j.otsr.2017.12.012]
2 Miller TT,Pavlov H,Gupta M,Schultz E,Greben C.Isolated injury of the cuboid bone.Emerg Radiol2002;9:272-277[PMID:15290553 DOI:10.1007/s10140-002-0240-9]
3 Ohmori T,Katsuo S,Sunayama C,Mizuno K,Ojima T,Yamakado K,Ando T,Watanabe S,Hayashi S,Tsuchiya H.A Case Report of Isolated Cuboid Nutcracker Fracture.Case Rep Orthop 2016;2016:3264172[PMID:27313925 DOI:10.1155/2016/3264172]
4 Borrelli J,De S,VanPelt M.Fracture of the cuboid.J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2012;20:472-477[PMID:22751166 DOI:10.5435/JAAOS-20-07-472]
5 Enns P,Pavlidis T,Stahl JP,Horas U,Schnettler R.Sonographic detection of an isolated cuboid bone fracture not visualized on plain radiographs.J Clin Ultrasound 2004;32:154-157[PMID:14994258 DOI:10.1002/jcu.20009]
6 Hermel MB,GERSHON-COHEN J.The nutcracker fracture of the cuboid by indirect violence.Radiology1953;60:850-854[PMID:13064390 DOI:10.1148/60.6.850]
7 Ceroni D,De Rosa V,De Coulon G,Kaelin A.Cuboid nutcracker fracture due to horseback riding in children:Case series and review of the literature.J Pediatr Orthop 2007;27:557-561[PMID:17585267DOI:10.1097/01.bpb.0000279031.66774.c0]
8 Chen JB.Cuboid stress fracture.A case report.J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1993;83:153-155[PMID:8468697 DOI:10.7547/87507315-83-3-153]
9 Blumberg K,Patterson RJ.The toddler's cuboid fracture.Radiology 1991;179:93-94[PMID:2006311DOI:10.1148/radiology.179.1.2006311]
10 Blumberg K,Patterson RJ.Fractures of the cuboid bone in toddlers.Pediatr Radiol 1999;29:563[PMID:10398800 DOI:10.1007/s002470050647]
11 Senaran H,Mason D,De Pellegrin M.Cuboid fractures in preschool children.J Pediatr Orthop 2006;26:741-744[PMID:17065937 DOI:10.1097/01.bpo.0000242378.87724.7b]
12 Joo SY,Jeong C.Stress fracture of tarsal cuboid bone in early childhood.Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol2015;25:595-599[PMID:25249481 DOI:10.1007/s00590-014-1543-8]
13 Simonian PT,Vahey JW,Rosenbaum DM,Mosca VS,Staheli LT.Fracture of the cuboid in children.Asource of leg symptoms.J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;77:104-106[PMID:7822362 DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.77B1.7822362]
14 Yu SM,Dardani M,Yu JS.MRI of isolated cuboid stress fractures in adults.AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;201:1325-1330[PMID:24147421 DOI:10.2214/AJR.13.10543]
15 Beaman DN,Roeser WM,Holmes JR,Saltzman CL.Cuboid stress fractures:a report of two cases.Foot Ankle 1993;14:525-528[PMID:8314188 DOI:10.1177/107110079301400907]
16 Hagino T,Ochiai S,Watanabe Y,Senga S,Takayama Y,Haro H.A case of a cuboid bone stress fracture in a senior high school rugby athlete.AP-SMART 2014;1:132-135[DOI:10.1016/j.asmart.2014.09.001]
17 Franco M,Albano L,Kacso I,Ga?d H,Jaeger P.An uncommon cause of foot pain:The cuboid insufficiency stress fracture.Joint Bone Spine 2005;72:76-78[PMID:15681254 DOI:10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.03.001]
18 Greaney RB,Gerber FH,Laughlin RL,Kmet JP,Metz CD,Kilcheski TS,Rao BR,Silverman ED.Distribution and natural history of stress fractures in U.S.Marine recruits.Radiology 1983;146:339-346[PMID:6217486 DOI:10.1148/radiology.146.2.6217486]
19 Fenton P,Al-Nammari S,Blundell C,Davies M.The patterns of injury and management of cuboid fractures:a retrospective case series.Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1003-1008[PMID:27365481 DOI:10.1302/0301-620X.98B7.36639]
20 Mihalich RM,Early JS.Management of cuboid crush injuries.Foot Ankle Clin 2006;11:121-126,ix[PMID:16564457 DOI:10.1016/j.fcl.2005.11.001]
21 Kolker D,Marti CB,Gautier E.Pericuboid fracture-dislocation with cuboid subluxation.Foot Ankle Int2002;23:163-167[PMID:11858339 DOI:10.1177/107110070202300215]
22 Yu G,Yu T,Yang Y,Li B,Yuan F,Zhou J.Nutcracker fracture of the cuboid:management and results.Acta Orthop Belg 2012;78:216-219[PMID:22696993 DOI:10.1007/s00132-012-1903-1]
23 Clements JR,Dijour F,Leong W.Surgical Management Navicular and Cuboid Fractures.Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2018;35:145-159[PMID:29482786 DOI:10.1016/j.cpm.2017.12.001]
24 O'Dell MC,Chauvin NA,Jaramillo D,Biko DM.MR imaging features of cuboid fractures in children.Pediatr Radiol 2018;48:680-685[PMID:29427027 DOI:10.1007/s00247-018-4076-1]
25 Pountos I,Panteli M,Giannoudis PV.Cuboid Injuries.Indian J Orthop 2018;52:297-303[PMID:29887632 DOI:10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_610_17]
26 Lucerna A,Espinosa J,Butler N,Wenke A,Caltabiano N.Nutcracker Cuboid Fracture:A Case Report and Review.Case Rep Emerg Med 2018;2018:3804642[PMID:29850286 DOI:10.1155/2018/3804642]
27 Holbein O,Bauer G,Kinzl L.Fracture of the cuboid in children:case report and review of the literature.JPediatr Orthop 1998;18:466-468[PMID:9661854 DOI:10.1097/00004694-199807000-00012]
28 Traister E,Simons S.Diagnostic considerations of lateral column foot pain in athletes.Curr Sports Med Rep 2014;13:370-376[PMID:25391092 DOI:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000099]
29 Dodson NB,Dodson EE,Shromoff PJ.Imaging strategies for diagnosing calcaneal and cuboid stress fractures.Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2008;25:183-201,vi[PMID:18346590 DOI:10.1016/j.cpm.2007.12.001]
30 Wang CL,Shieh JY,Wang TG,Hsieh FJ.Sonographic detection of occult fractures in the foot and ankle.J Clin Ultrasound 1999;27:421-425[PMID:10477883 DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199910)27:8<421::AID-JCU2>3.0.CO;2-E]
31 Preidler KW,Peicha G,Lajtai G,Seibert FJ,Fock C,Szolar DM,Raith H.Conventional radiography,CT,and MR imaging in patients with hyperflexion injuries of the foot:diagnostic accuracy in the detection of bony and ligamentous changes.AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:1673-1677[PMID:10584818 DOI:10.2214/ajr.173.6.10584818]
32 Sadineni RT,Pasumarthy A,Bellapa NC,Velicheti S.Imaging Patterns in MRI in Recent Bone Injuries Following Negative or Inconclusive Plain Radiographs.J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:TC10-TC13[PMID:26557590 DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2015/15451.6685]
33 Feldman F,Staron R,Zwass A,Rubin S,Haramati N.MR imaging:its role in detecting occult fractures.Skeletal Radiol 1994;23:439-444[PMID:7992109 DOI:10.1007/BF00204604]
34 Unnithan S,Thomas J.Not all ankle injuries are ankle sprains-Case of an isolated cuboid stress fracture.Clin Pract 2018;8:1093[PMID:30090220 DOI:10.4081/cp.2018.1093]
35 Patterson SM.Cuboid syndrome:a review of the literature.J Sports Sci Med 2006;5:597-606[PMID:24357955 DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.07.006]
36 Durall CJ.Examination and treatment of cuboid syndrome:A literature review.Sports Health 2011;3:514-519[PMID:23016051 DOI:10.1177/1941738111405965]
37 Schick F,Karanjia H,Daniel J,Dheer S,Langman C,Taweel N,Sullivan P,Lebaron T.Spontaneous Fracture of the Os Peroneum With Rupture of the Peroneus Longus Tendon.J Foot Ankle Surg 2018;57:790-793[PMID:29631970 DOI:10.1053/j.jfas.2017.11.007]
38 Holbein O,Bauer G,Kinzl K.Displaced fractures of the cuboid:four case reports and review of the literature.Foot and Ankle Surgery 1997;3:85-93[DOI:10.1046/j.1460-9584.1997.00052.x]
39 Ahmed A,Westrick E.Management of Midfoot Fractures and Dislocations.Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med2018;11:529-536[PMID:30196386 DOI:10.1007/s12178-018-9518-8]
40 Rony L,de Sainte Hermine P,Steiger V,Ferchaud F,Cronier P.Clinical and radiological outcomes of a cohort of 9 patients with anatomical fractures of the cuboid treated by locking plate fixation.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018;104:245-249[PMID:29408687 DOI:10.1016/j.otsr.2017.12.012]