叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对龙眼树体营养和果实品质的影响
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摘要
以石硖龙眼成年树为试验材料,通过喷施0、 10、 30、 50和70 mg/L的外源亚硒酸钠,测定叶片和果实矿质营养元素含量及果实品质,研究叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对龙眼树体营养和果实品质的影响。结果表明:叶面施硒能显著提高龙眼叶片和果实中硒含量。叶片和果实中硒含量与外源硒浓度呈显著性正相关。硒浓度为70mg/L时,果实硒浓度为10.35μg/kg,达到富硒水果标准。施硒能提高龙眼果实横径、纵径、单果重,对果实可食率、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量和可滴定酸含量无明显影响。外源施硒对叶片、果肉、果壳和果核中各元素的影响与外源硒浓度和器官差异有关,对不同矿质元素的影响表现为果核>果壳>叶片>果肉。施硒能降低龙眼果核和果壳中全氮、全磷、全钾、钙和镁含量,外源硒浓度与果核中全氮、全磷、全钾、钙和镁含量呈极显著负相关关系,与果壳中全磷和全钾含量呈极显著负相关关系;低浓度硒能降低叶片和果肉中全氮、钙和镁含量,提高叶片和果肉中全磷含量以及叶片中全钾含量;高浓度硒能提高叶片全氮、钙和镁含量以及果肉中钙和镁含量,降低叶片和果肉全磷和全钾含量。由此可见,叶面施硒能提高果实中硒含量,降低矿质元素含量,改善果实品质,叶面喷施70 mg/L亚硒酸钠时,达到富硒龙眼果实标准。
Trees of Longan cv.Shixia were foliar sprayed with sodium selenite at the respective concentrations of 0,10,30,50 and 70 mg/L to study the effects of selemium on the tree nutrition and fruit quality of longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour).The results showed that the selenium contents in the leaves and fruits of longan were significantly increased when foliar sprayed with selenium.The selenium content in the leaves and fruits was positively correlated with the concentration of exogenous selenium.When the selenium concentration was 70 mg/L,the selenium concentration in the fruits was 10.35 μg/kg,which met the standard of selenium-rich fruit.Foliar spray of selenium increased the transverse and longitudinal diameter,and single fruit weight,but had no significant effects on the edible rate,soluble solids content,vitamin C content and titratable acid content of the fruits.The element contents in the leaf,flesh,peel and seed were related to the selenium concentration and the plant organs,and the effect of exogenous selenium on the element contents of different plant organs was in the order of seed>peel>leaves>flesh.Foliar application of selenium reduced the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,calcium and magnesium in the seed and peel of fruits.The concentration of exogenous selenium was highly significantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,calcium and magnesium in the seed,and with total phosphorus and total potassium in the peel.Low selenium concentration reduced the contents of total nitrogen,calcium and magnesium in the leaf and flesh,but increased the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in the leaf and flesh.High selenium concentration increased the contents of total nitrogen,calcium and magnesium in the leaf and flesh and reduced the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in the leaf and flesh.In this context foliar spray of selenium increases the selenium content in the fruit and improve the fruit quality.The fruit was selenium-enriched when the trees were foliar sprayed with sodium selenite at a concentration of 70 mg/L.
Trees of Longan cv.Shixia were foliar sprayed with sodium selenite at the respective concentrations of 0,10,30,50 and 70 mg/L to study the effects of selemium on the tree nutrition and fruit quality of longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour).The results showed that the selenium contents in the leaves and fruits of longan were significantly increased when foliar sprayed with selenium.The selenium content in the leaves and fruits was positively correlated with the concentration of exogenous selenium.When the selenium concentration was 70 mg/L,the selenium concentration in the fruits was 10.35 μg/kg,which met the standard of selenium-rich fruit.Foliar spray of selenium increased the transverse and longitudinal diameter,and single fruit weight,but had no significant effects on the edible rate,soluble solids content,vitamin C content and titratable acid content of the fruits.The element contents in the leaf,flesh,peel and seed were related to the selenium concentration and the plant organs,and the effect of exogenous selenium on the element contents of different plant organs was in the order of seed>peel>leaves>flesh.Foliar application of selenium reduced the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,calcium and magnesium in the seed and peel of fruits.The concentration of exogenous selenium was highly significantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,calcium and magnesium in the seed,and with total phosphorus and total potassium in the peel.Low selenium concentration reduced the contents of total nitrogen,calcium and magnesium in the leaf and flesh,but increased the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in the leaf and flesh.High selenium concentration increased the contents of total nitrogen,calcium and magnesium in the leaf and flesh and reduced the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium in the leaf and flesh.In this context foliar spray of selenium increases the selenium content in the fruit and improve the fruit quality.The fruit was selenium-enriched when the trees were foliar sprayed with sodium selenite at a concentration of 70 mg/L.
引文
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[5]彭祚全,张欣,牟敏,等.富硒食品含硒量范围标准的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究, 2013, 30(1):41-43.
[6]王变.上海市素食人群膳食结构与营养摄入情况调查[J].卫生研究, 2016, 45(3):503-507.
[7]张玉华,李迎月,何洁仪,等.广州市居民食物消费与营养素摄入状况[J].中国公共卫生, 2017, 33(6):969-972.
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[9]曲航,尼玛扎西,韦泽秀,等.西藏土壤硒状况与富硒青稞生产路径[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(18):3 645-3 653.
[10]程兆东,郑百行,王玉梅,等.硒的生理作用及富硒肥的分类[J].中国农业信息, 2016(14):112-113.
[11]粟晓万,刘旭钦,韦爱花,等.硒肥在龙眼荔枝上的应用效果初探[J].中国农业信息, 2013(17):113-113.
[12]许焕明.一种富硒龙眼的种植方法:中国,CN105254432A[P]. 2016-01-20.
[13]唐广生,陆兴伦.广西力争5年内建成全国最大富硒农产品产业基地[J].世界热带农业信息, 2012(11):12-12.
[14]陈世平.福建·重点开发诏安富硒青梅和云霄富硒龙眼[J].中国果业信息, 2016(11):39-39.
[15]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1 109-1 117.
[16]董志刚.利用电感耦合等离离体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定黄土性土壤中多种元素的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015, 7(7):87-88.
[17]阎树刚,韩涛.果蔬及其制品中维生素C测定方法的评价[J].中国农学通报, 2002, 18(4):110-112.
[18]马之胜,王越辉,贾云云,等.桃果实果胶、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量和果实大小与果实硬度关系的研究[J].江西农业学报, 2008, 20(10):45-46.
[19]吴敦虎,穆广臣,杨雅娟.喷施硒叶面肥对农作物含硒量影响的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究, 1998(1):46-47.
[20]周绪宝,芮蒙蒙,郝毅,等.草莓富硒对产量和微量元素品质的影响[J].现代园艺, 2018(1):10-11.
[21]张艳玲.喷施氨基酸硒叶面肥对新高梨硒含量的影响[J].落叶果树, 2017, 49(5):18-20
[22]何明莉,高仕录,刘晓燕,等.无公害富硒苹果的功效及生产技术规范[J].北方果树, 2015(2):25-27.
[23]熊德祥,武心齐.叶面喷施硒肥对椪柑果实和叶片含硒量的影响[J].中国南方果树, 2000, 29(3):4-4.
[24]何礼新,宾士友,苏彩和,等. DB45/T1061-2014,富硒农产品硒含量分类要求[S].南宁:广西壮族自治区质量技术监督局, 2014.
[25]刘群龙,郝燕燕,吴国良,等.外源硒对砀山酥梨果实品质和硒含量的影响[J].河南农业科学, 2015, 44(8):113-117.
[26]刘群龙,宁婵娟,郝燕燕,等.外源硒对梨树叶片衰老和光合同化物积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014, 28(6):314-318.
[27]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1 109-1117.
[28]杨燕君,刘晓华,宁婵娟,等.叶面施硒对甜柿果实品质及重金属含量的影响[J].园艺学报, 2013, 40(3):523-530.
[29]张杨杨,焦自高,艾希珍,等.硒对植物的生理作用及富硒瓜菜研究进展[J].中国瓜菜, 2014, 27(1):5-9.
[30]吴雄平,梁东丽,鲍俊丹,等. Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜生长及生理效应的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009, 29(10):2 163-2 171.
[31]杨兰芳,后丹,万佐玺,等.加硒和培养时间对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报, 2010(5):1 064-1068.
[32]王斐,姜淑苓,李铁凤,等.氨基酸硒叶面肥在梨树上的应用试验[J].中国果树, 2012(2):41-43.
[33]明佳佳,胡承孝,赵小虎,等.硒对油菜各部位矿质元素含量及其迁移特征的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016, 28(9):1 564-1 571.
[34]昝亚玲,王朝辉, Graham Lyons.硒、锌对甘蓝型油菜产量和营养品质的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2010, 32(3):413-417.
[35]尚庆茂,高丽红.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报, 1998(3):67-71.
[36]杜振宇,史衍玺,王清华.土壤施硒对萝卜吸收转化硒及品质的影响[J].土壤, 2004, 36(1):56-60.
[2] Schwar Z K, Foltz C M. selenium as an integral part off actor 3 against dietary necmtic 1iver degeneration[J]. Joumal of the American Chemical Society,1957, 79(12):3 292-3 293.
[3] Rotruck J T, Pope A L, Ganther H E, et al. Selenium:biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase[J]. Science 179:588-590.
[4]高楠,陈维佳,邹黎明.微量元素硒与人类健康最新研究进展[J].沈阳医学院学报, 2003, 5(4):259-261.
[5]彭祚全,张欣,牟敏,等.富硒食品含硒量范围标准的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究, 2013, 30(1):41-43.
[6]王变.上海市素食人群膳食结构与营养摄入情况调查[J].卫生研究, 2016, 45(3):503-507.
[7]张玉华,李迎月,何洁仪,等.广州市居民食物消费与营养素摄入状况[J].中国公共卫生, 2017, 33(6):969-972.
[8]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南[M].拉萨:西藏人民出版社, 2010:216-219.
[9]曲航,尼玛扎西,韦泽秀,等.西藏土壤硒状况与富硒青稞生产路径[J].中国农业科学, 2015, 48(18):3 645-3 653.
[10]程兆东,郑百行,王玉梅,等.硒的生理作用及富硒肥的分类[J].中国农业信息, 2016(14):112-113.
[11]粟晓万,刘旭钦,韦爱花,等.硒肥在龙眼荔枝上的应用效果初探[J].中国农业信息, 2013(17):113-113.
[12]许焕明.一种富硒龙眼的种植方法:中国,CN105254432A[P]. 2016-01-20.
[13]唐广生,陆兴伦.广西力争5年内建成全国最大富硒农产品产业基地[J].世界热带农业信息, 2012(11):12-12.
[14]陈世平.福建·重点开发诏安富硒青梅和云霄富硒龙眼[J].中国果业信息, 2016(11):39-39.
[15]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1 109-1 117.
[16]董志刚.利用电感耦合等离离体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定黄土性土壤中多种元素的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015, 7(7):87-88.
[17]阎树刚,韩涛.果蔬及其制品中维生素C测定方法的评价[J].中国农学通报, 2002, 18(4):110-112.
[18]马之胜,王越辉,贾云云,等.桃果实果胶、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量和果实大小与果实硬度关系的研究[J].江西农业学报, 2008, 20(10):45-46.
[19]吴敦虎,穆广臣,杨雅娟.喷施硒叶面肥对农作物含硒量影响的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究, 1998(1):46-47.
[20]周绪宝,芮蒙蒙,郝毅,等.草莓富硒对产量和微量元素品质的影响[J].现代园艺, 2018(1):10-11.
[21]张艳玲.喷施氨基酸硒叶面肥对新高梨硒含量的影响[J].落叶果树, 2017, 49(5):18-20
[22]何明莉,高仕录,刘晓燕,等.无公害富硒苹果的功效及生产技术规范[J].北方果树, 2015(2):25-27.
[23]熊德祥,武心齐.叶面喷施硒肥对椪柑果实和叶片含硒量的影响[J].中国南方果树, 2000, 29(3):4-4.
[24]何礼新,宾士友,苏彩和,等. DB45/T1061-2014,富硒农产品硒含量分类要求[S].南宁:广西壮族自治区质量技术监督局, 2014.
[25]刘群龙,郝燕燕,吴国良,等.外源硒对砀山酥梨果实品质和硒含量的影响[J].河南农业科学, 2015, 44(8):113-117.
[26]刘群龙,宁婵娟,郝燕燕,等.外源硒对梨树叶片衰老和光合同化物积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014, 28(6):314-318.
[27]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1 109-1117.
[28]杨燕君,刘晓华,宁婵娟,等.叶面施硒对甜柿果实品质及重金属含量的影响[J].园艺学报, 2013, 40(3):523-530.
[29]张杨杨,焦自高,艾希珍,等.硒对植物的生理作用及富硒瓜菜研究进展[J].中国瓜菜, 2014, 27(1):5-9.
[30]吴雄平,梁东丽,鲍俊丹,等. Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜生长及生理效应的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009, 29(10):2 163-2 171.
[31]杨兰芳,后丹,万佐玺,等.加硒和培养时间对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报, 2010(5):1 064-1068.
[32]王斐,姜淑苓,李铁凤,等.氨基酸硒叶面肥在梨树上的应用试验[J].中国果树, 2012(2):41-43.
[33]明佳佳,胡承孝,赵小虎,等.硒对油菜各部位矿质元素含量及其迁移特征的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016, 28(9):1 564-1 571.
[34]昝亚玲,王朝辉, Graham Lyons.硒、锌对甘蓝型油菜产量和营养品质的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2010, 32(3):413-417.
[35]尚庆茂,高丽红.硒素营养对水培生菜品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报, 1998(3):67-71.
[36]杜振宇,史衍玺,王清华.土壤施硒对萝卜吸收转化硒及品质的影响[J].土壤, 2004, 36(1):56-60.