海上风电场PMSG和VSC-HVDC综合调频概率评估
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摘要
考虑永磁同步发电机PMSG(permanent magnet synchronous generator)减载运行后的一次调频和改变柔性直流输电VSC-HVDC(voltage-source converter based high-voltage direct-current)直流电压的惯性调频,提出基于时域仿真的概率统计指标,量化调频效果。枚举不同调频策略、参数及扰动位置和规模,仿真电网频率响应。计算最大频率偏差、频率下滑速度、频率恢复速度和稳态频率偏差,根据扰动概率统计上述指标的系统期望。仿真结果表明:稳态频率偏差及其系统期望值仅随PMSG调频参数增大而减小;其余3项指标及系统期望随PMSG和VSC-HVDC调频参数增大而减小;PMSG和VSC-HVDC分别在频率偏差和变化率较大时起主要作用。
Considering the primary frequency regulation after the derated operation of permanent-magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)and the inertia frequency regulation of voltage-source convert based high-voltage direct-current(VSC-HVDC)under variable direct voltage,some probabilistic statistical indexes based on time-domain simulation are proposed to quantify the frequency regulation effect. Different frequency regulation strategies,parameters,and the positions and scales of load disturbances are enumerated,and the frequency responses of power grid are simulated. More-over,the maximum frequency deviation,frequency drop rate,frequency recovery rate,and steady-state frequency deviation are calculated,whose systematic expected values are added up according to the probability of each disturbance.Simulation results show that the steady-state frequency deviation and its systematic expected value only decrease with the increasing frequency regulation parameters of PMSG;the remaining three indexes decrease with the increasing frequency regulation parameters of both PMSG and VSC-HVDC;PMSG and VSC-HVDC have a leading effect with a largefrequency deviation and a large frequency changing rate,respectively.
Considering the primary frequency regulation after the derated operation of permanent-magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)and the inertia frequency regulation of voltage-source convert based high-voltage direct-current(VSC-HVDC)under variable direct voltage,some probabilistic statistical indexes based on time-domain simulation are proposed to quantify the frequency regulation effect. Different frequency regulation strategies,parameters,and the positions and scales of load disturbances are enumerated,and the frequency responses of power grid are simulated. More-over,the maximum frequency deviation,frequency drop rate,frequency recovery rate,and steady-state frequency deviation are calculated,whose systematic expected values are added up according to the probability of each disturbance.Simulation results show that the steady-state frequency deviation and its systematic expected value only decrease with the increasing frequency regulation parameters of PMSG;the remaining three indexes decrease with the increasing frequency regulation parameters of both PMSG and VSC-HVDC;PMSG and VSC-HVDC have a leading effect with a largefrequency deviation and a large frequency changing rate,respectively.
引文
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[16]方家琨,苗璐,文劲宇,等(Fang Jiakun,Miao Lu,WenJinyu,et al).含风电-SMES的电力系统暂态稳定概率评估(Transient stability probability evaluation of power sys-tem incorporating with wind farm and SMES)[J].电力系统保护与控制(Power System Protection and Control),2013,41(1):176-182.
[17]丁立,乔颖,鲁宗相,等(Ding Li,Qiao Ying,Lu Zong-xiang,et al).高比例风电对电力系统调频指标影响的定量分析(Impact on frequency regulation of power sys-tem from wind power with high penetration)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(14):1-8.
[18]都亮,刘俊勇,雷霞,等(Du Liang,Liu Junyong,Lei Xia,et al).电力网络调频容量释放过程及其指标体系(Re-search on release of power grid frequency regulation re-serve and its index system)[J].电网技术(Power SystemTechnology),2007,31(12):6-11,56.
[19]University of Washington.Power system test case archive[EB/OL].http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca,2016.
[2]李生虎,朱国伟(Li Shenghu,Zhu Guowei).基于有功备用的风电机组一次调频能力及调频效果分析(Capabil-ity and effect of primary frequency regulation by wind tur-bine generators with active power reserve)[J].电工电能新技术(Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineeringand Energy),2015,34(10):28-33,50.
[3]王辉,汪小,饶志蒙(Wang Hui,Wang Xiao,Rao Zhi-meng).海上DFIG风电场的VSC-HVDC控制策略(VSC-HVDC control strategy for offshore DIFG windfarms)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of theCSU-EPSA),2015,27(11):80-86.
[4]罗德荣,姬小豪,廖武,等(Luo Derong,Ji Xiaohao,LiaoWu,et al).海上风电VSC-HVDC系统的直接功率控制(Direct power control of VSC-HVDC system for offshorewind farms)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedingsof the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(6):43-48.
[5]周阳,易东,高洁(Zhou Yang,Yi Dong,Gao Jie).基于模块化多电平换流器的多端柔性直流输电系统仿真分析(Simulation analysis of modular multi-level converterbased multi-terminal high voltage direct current system)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2016,28(S):6-9.
[6]Zhu Jiebei,Booth Campbell D,Adam Grain P,et al.Iner-tia emulation control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmissionsystems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1277-1287.
[7]李生虎,鲍正杰,董王朝,等(Li Shenghu,Bao Zhengjie,Dong Wangchao,et al).基于直流电容充放电双阈值判据的VSC-HVDC区域电网频率控制方法(Research onregional power system frequency control based on dual-threshold criterion of DC capacitor charging and discharg-ing)[J].电力科学与技术学报(Journal of Electric PowerScience and Technology),2014,29(3):26-32.
[8]Mitra A,Chatterjee D.Active power control of DFIGbased wind farm for improvement of transient stability ofpower systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2016,31(1):82-93.
[9]Miao Zhixin,Fan Lingling,Osborn D,et al.Wind farmswith HVDC delivery in inertial response and primary fre-quency control[J].IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2010,25(4):1171-1178.
[10]Phulpin Y.Communication-free inertia and frequency con-trol for wind generators connected by an HVDC-link[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2012,27(2):1136-1137.
[11]Silva B,Moreira C L,Seca L,et al.Provision of inertialand primary frequency control services using offshore mul-titerminal HVDC networks[J].IEEE Trans on SustainableEnergy,2012,3(4):800-808.
[12]Li Yujun,Zhang Zeren,Yang Yong,et al.Coordinated con-trol of wind farm and VSC-HVDC system using capacitorenergy and kinetic energy to improve inertia level of pow-er systems[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2014,59:79-92.
[13]Junyent-Ferre A,Pipelzadeh Y,Green T C.BlendingHVDC-link energy storage and offshore wind turbine iner-tia for fast frequency response[J].IEEE Trans on Sustain-able Energy,2015,6(3):1059-1066.
[14]GB/T 15945—2008,电能质量-电力系统频率偏差[S].
[15]黄龙祥,苗世洪,赵峰,等(Huang Longxiang,Miao Shi-hong,Zhao Feng,et al).大电网暂态稳定概率评估方法及风险指标研究(Transient stability probability assess-ment and risk indexes for large scale power systems)[J].电力自动化设备(Electric Power Automation Equip-ment),2013,33(11):105-110.
[16]方家琨,苗璐,文劲宇,等(Fang Jiakun,Miao Lu,WenJinyu,et al).含风电-SMES的电力系统暂态稳定概率评估(Transient stability probability evaluation of power sys-tem incorporating with wind farm and SMES)[J].电力系统保护与控制(Power System Protection and Control),2013,41(1):176-182.
[17]丁立,乔颖,鲁宗相,等(Ding Li,Qiao Ying,Lu Zong-xiang,et al).高比例风电对电力系统调频指标影响的定量分析(Impact on frequency regulation of power sys-tem from wind power with high penetration)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2014,38(14):1-8.
[18]都亮,刘俊勇,雷霞,等(Du Liang,Liu Junyong,Lei Xia,et al).电力网络调频容量释放过程及其指标体系(Re-search on release of power grid frequency regulation re-serve and its index system)[J].电网技术(Power SystemTechnology),2007,31(12):6-11,56.
[19]University of Washington.Power system test case archive[EB/OL].http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca,2016.