圆齿野鸦椿开花动态特征与繁育系统
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摘要
为了解圆齿野鸦椿的开花特性及繁育系统,本研究通过观测其花部特征、开花进程及访花昆虫特性,采用离体培养法和联苯胺–过氧化氢法分别测定花粉活力和柱头可授性,运用花粉/胚珠比(P/O值)、杂交指数(OCI值)、人工授粉试验等方法检测圆齿野鸦椿的繁育系统。结果表明,圆齿野鸦椿花期为5月中旬至6月初,其生殖枝聚伞花序的开花顺序为:由上至下,由内及外,单花花期约为1 d;两性花,花小,雄蕊5,偶见4或6,子房由3心皮合成,花部具有吸引传粉者的特性;花粉活力在散粉2 h后达到最大值,柱头可授性在花朵开放后不断增强;P/O值为255.70±46.50,OCI值为3。人工套袋试验表明,圆齿野鸦椿不存在无融合生殖,自然条件下结实率最高,但仅为48.76%,自花授粉的结实率均低于人工授粉,说明传粉者的不足导致传粉限制。综上判定圆齿野鸦椿繁育系统为兼性异交,自交可孕,需要传粉者进行传粉。
In order to study the flowering characteristics and breeding system of Euscaphis konishii Hayata,we observed flower characteristics,floral dynamic and pollination insects during the flowering period.We tested the pollen viability and estimated its stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide.The breeding system of Euscaphis konishii was tested by the pollen-ovule ratio(P/O),the outcrossing index(OCI),and artificial pollination methods.The results showed that the population flower bloomed one time a year from mid-May to early June,and the flowering order of the cymes inflorescence of Euscaphis konishii was from top to bottom,from the inside to outside.The life span of individual flower was one day.Euscaphis konishii was a plant with bisexual flowers that were small.Each flower had 5 stamens,sometimes 4 or 6,and ovary synthesized from 3 carpels.Floral syndrome could attract pollinators.The pollen viability reached the maximum at 2 hours after anthers shedding,and stigma receptivity was increased after bloom.The value of P/O was about 255.70±46.50 and the out-crossing index was 3.The experimental results of artificial bagging show that Euscaphis konishii was apogamous and have the highest fruit setting rate,only 48.76%,and the fruit setting rate of naturally self-pollination flowers was lower than that of artificial pollination flowers,indicating the existence of pollination restriction caused by the insufficiency of pollinators.In sum,the reproductive system of Euscaphis konishii could be determined as facultative outcrossing,self-compatible and pollinators depended.
In order to study the flowering characteristics and breeding system of Euscaphis konishii Hayata,we observed flower characteristics,floral dynamic and pollination insects during the flowering period.We tested the pollen viability and estimated its stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide.The breeding system of Euscaphis konishii was tested by the pollen-ovule ratio(P/O),the outcrossing index(OCI),and artificial pollination methods.The results showed that the population flower bloomed one time a year from mid-May to early June,and the flowering order of the cymes inflorescence of Euscaphis konishii was from top to bottom,from the inside to outside.The life span of individual flower was one day.Euscaphis konishii was a plant with bisexual flowers that were small.Each flower had 5 stamens,sometimes 4 or 6,and ovary synthesized from 3 carpels.Floral syndrome could attract pollinators.The pollen viability reached the maximum at 2 hours after anthers shedding,and stigma receptivity was increased after bloom.The value of P/O was about 255.70±46.50 and the out-crossing index was 3.The experimental results of artificial bagging show that Euscaphis konishii was apogamous and have the highest fruit setting rate,only 48.76%,and the fruit setting rate of naturally self-pollination flowers was lower than that of artificial pollination flowers,indicating the existence of pollination restriction caused by the insufficiency of pollinators.In sum,the reproductive system of Euscaphis konishii could be determined as facultative outcrossing,self-compatible and pollinators depended.
引文
Barrett SC,Harder LD(1996).Ecology and evolution of plant mating.Trends Ecol Evol,11(2):73-79
Cruden RW(1977).Pollen-ovule ratios:a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants.Evolution,31:32-46
Dafni A(1992).Pollination Ecology.New York:Oxford University Press,1-57
Guo HC,Yan C,Wei Y(2014).Study on the flowering dynamic,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Kochia prostrata.Acta Pratac Sin,23(4):87-93(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭红超,严成,魏岩(2014).木地肤的开花动态与花粉活力及柱头可授性研究.草业学报,23(4):87-93]
Huang LC,Jin L,Zhang SZ,Li J,Yang Y,Zhang XQ,Wang XJ(2013).Pollen release mechanisms of papilionaceous plants(Faboideae).Acta Pratac Sin,26(6):305-314(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄利春,金樑,张树振,李晶,杨阳,张晓强,王晓娟(2013).蝶形花亚科植物花粉释放机制.草业学报,26(6):305-314]
Liu XK(2012).Reseacher on reproduction and pollination biology of five species of Lonicera.Changchun:Northeast Normal University(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘献凯(2012).五种忍冬属植物繁殖和传粉生物学研究(硕士论文).长春:东北师范大学]
Mao XH,Xun SH,Qiao YL,Sun BY,Zhang YS,Dong YF,Wei X,Zheng YQ(2017).Sexual reproduction characteristic of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia neo-mexicana var.luxurians.Plant Physiol J,53(4):555-562(in Chinese with English abstract)[毛秀红,荀守华,乔玉玲,孙百友,张元帅,董玉峰,位晓,郑勇奇(2017).刺槐和多花刺槐的有性生殖特征.植物生理学报,53(4):555-562]
Shao QS,Wang Y,Hu RZ,Zhang WS,Li MY(2015).Pollen viability,stigma receptivity and fruiting characteristics ofbotanical origin of Jinxianlian.Chin J Chin Pharmacol,40(6):1061-1065(in Chinese with English abstract)[邵清松,王勇,胡润淮,张望舒,李明焱(2015).金线莲基原植物花粉活力和柱头可授性及结实特征研究.中国中药杂志,40(6):1061-1065]
Sun Y,Wang AX,Chen SH,Ma CQ,He M(2015).Floral syndrome and reproductive characteristics of Adonis amurensis.Pratac Sci,32(3):347-353(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙颖,王阿香,陈士惠,马翠青,何淼(2015).侧金盏花的花部特征与繁育系统观察.草业科学,32(3):347-353]
Wang GP,Yang HN,Ni GG,Peng FR(2009).Study on in vitro culture conditions of pollens from four tree species of Catalpa Scop.J Plant Resour Environ,18(2):34-42(in Chinese with English abstract)[王改萍,杨红宁,倪果果,彭方仁(2009).楸树等4种梓属树种花粉离体培养条件的研究.植物资源与环境学报,18(2):34-42]
Xu H,Wang Y(2012).Study pollination biology of Chinese medicinal material Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang.J Anhui Agric Sci,40(9):5126-5127(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐皓,王勇(2012).中药材元胡生物学研究.安徽农业科学,40(9):5126-5127]
Zhai XY,Ma DT,Wang CZ,Yan XB(2012).Effects of altitude on the mating system of alpine plant.Acta Pratac Sin,29(4):640-645(in Chinese with English abstract)[翟新莹,马登坦,王成章,严学兵(2012).海拔对高山植物交配系统的影响.草业科学,29(4):640-645]
Zhao H,Yang PJ,Peng Q(2005).Biological study of pistil morphology and pollination of Asarum henryi.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,25(5):923-927(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵桦,杨培君,彭强(2005).马蹄香雌蕊形态及传粉生物学研究.西北植物学报,25(5):923-927]
Zheng JM(2016).Application research of Euscaphis fukienensis Hsu in langscape.J Green Sci Technol,11:146-147(in Chinese with English abstract)[郑俊敏(2016).福建野鸦椿在园林中的应用研究.绿色科技,11:146-147]
Cruden RW(1977).Pollen-ovule ratios:a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants.Evolution,31:32-46
Dafni A(1992).Pollination Ecology.New York:Oxford University Press,1-57
Guo HC,Yan C,Wei Y(2014).Study on the flowering dynamic,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Kochia prostrata.Acta Pratac Sin,23(4):87-93(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭红超,严成,魏岩(2014).木地肤的开花动态与花粉活力及柱头可授性研究.草业学报,23(4):87-93]
Huang LC,Jin L,Zhang SZ,Li J,Yang Y,Zhang XQ,Wang XJ(2013).Pollen release mechanisms of papilionaceous plants(Faboideae).Acta Pratac Sin,26(6):305-314(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄利春,金樑,张树振,李晶,杨阳,张晓强,王晓娟(2013).蝶形花亚科植物花粉释放机制.草业学报,26(6):305-314]
Liu XK(2012).Reseacher on reproduction and pollination biology of five species of Lonicera.Changchun:Northeast Normal University(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘献凯(2012).五种忍冬属植物繁殖和传粉生物学研究(硕士论文).长春:东北师范大学]
Mao XH,Xun SH,Qiao YL,Sun BY,Zhang YS,Dong YF,Wei X,Zheng YQ(2017).Sexual reproduction characteristic of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia neo-mexicana var.luxurians.Plant Physiol J,53(4):555-562(in Chinese with English abstract)[毛秀红,荀守华,乔玉玲,孙百友,张元帅,董玉峰,位晓,郑勇奇(2017).刺槐和多花刺槐的有性生殖特征.植物生理学报,53(4):555-562]
Shao QS,Wang Y,Hu RZ,Zhang WS,Li MY(2015).Pollen viability,stigma receptivity and fruiting characteristics ofbotanical origin of Jinxianlian.Chin J Chin Pharmacol,40(6):1061-1065(in Chinese with English abstract)[邵清松,王勇,胡润淮,张望舒,李明焱(2015).金线莲基原植物花粉活力和柱头可授性及结实特征研究.中国中药杂志,40(6):1061-1065]
Sun Y,Wang AX,Chen SH,Ma CQ,He M(2015).Floral syndrome and reproductive characteristics of Adonis amurensis.Pratac Sci,32(3):347-353(in Chinese with English abstract)[孙颖,王阿香,陈士惠,马翠青,何淼(2015).侧金盏花的花部特征与繁育系统观察.草业科学,32(3):347-353]
Wang GP,Yang HN,Ni GG,Peng FR(2009).Study on in vitro culture conditions of pollens from four tree species of Catalpa Scop.J Plant Resour Environ,18(2):34-42(in Chinese with English abstract)[王改萍,杨红宁,倪果果,彭方仁(2009).楸树等4种梓属树种花粉离体培养条件的研究.植物资源与环境学报,18(2):34-42]
Xu H,Wang Y(2012).Study pollination biology of Chinese medicinal material Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang.J Anhui Agric Sci,40(9):5126-5127(in Chinese with English abstract)[徐皓,王勇(2012).中药材元胡生物学研究.安徽农业科学,40(9):5126-5127]
Zhai XY,Ma DT,Wang CZ,Yan XB(2012).Effects of altitude on the mating system of alpine plant.Acta Pratac Sin,29(4):640-645(in Chinese with English abstract)[翟新莹,马登坦,王成章,严学兵(2012).海拔对高山植物交配系统的影响.草业科学,29(4):640-645]
Zhao H,Yang PJ,Peng Q(2005).Biological study of pistil morphology and pollination of Asarum henryi.Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,25(5):923-927(in Chinese with English abstract)[赵桦,杨培君,彭强(2005).马蹄香雌蕊形态及传粉生物学研究.西北植物学报,25(5):923-927]
Zheng JM(2016).Application research of Euscaphis fukienensis Hsu in langscape.J Green Sci Technol,11:146-147(in Chinese with English abstract)[郑俊敏(2016).福建野鸦椿在园林中的应用研究.绿色科技,11:146-147]