聚氧丙烯链对Extended表面活性剂界面性质的影响
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摘要
以十二醇、十四醇和十二/十四混合醇为原料,合成了三种直链烷基聚氧丙烯醚硫酸钠-3(C_nP_3S)。利用FTIR,~1H NMR进行了结构表征,分析了表面活性剂的界面和胶束溶液性质,并与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠-3(SLE3S)进行了对比。~1H NMR表征结果显示,C_nP_3S的环氧丙烷平均加成数在3.0左右。实验结果表明,聚氧丙烯(PPO)链和烷基链的增长可为C_nP_3S分子提供疏水性,同时PPO链还提供极性作用,因此C_(12)P_3S和C_(14)P_3S降低表面张力的能力及乳化能力优于SDS和SLE_3S,泡沫性质略低于SDS和SLE_3S,润湿力介于SDS和SLE_3S之间,去污力等同或略优于SDS和SLE3S,同时具有优良的低温水溶性及抗钙离子性。由于同系物作用,C_(1214)P_3S混合物在泡沫、去污力和钙离子抗性等性能上表现出一定协同作用。PPO链的双亲性赋予了C_nP_3S优良性质,使其适用于个人护理及家用清洁产品。
Three kinds of extended surfactants(e-surfactants),sodium linear alkyl polyoxypropylene ether sulfates(C_nP_3 S) were synthesized from dodecyl alcohol,tetradecyl alcohol and dodecyl/tetradecyl mixed alcohol,respectively. Structure of the e-surfactants were characterized by FTIR and ~1 H NMR. Interfacial and micellar solution properties were investigated in comparison to sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium laureth-3 sulfate(SLE_3 S). The results from ~1 H NMR spectra indicate that the average adduct number of propylene oxide of C_nP_3 S is about 3.0. It was found that both the polypropylene oxide(PPO) spacer and alkyl chain growth provide hydrophobicity to C_nP_3 S molecules,at the same time,the PPO chain also provides polarity. Thus both C_(12) P_3 S and C_(14) P_3 S show lower surface tension,better emulsifying power,slightly worse foamability,equal or slightly better detergency in comparison to SDS and SLE_3 S,as well as wettability in between. They also exhibit good low-temperature solubility and calcium tolerance. C_(1214) P_3 S mixture exhibits synergism on foamability,detergency and calcium tolerance due to homologues. Therefore,these excellent properties of C_nP_3 S are brought about by the amphipathicity being contributed by the PPO spacer,which indicates that C_nP_3 S might be candidates used in personal care and household cleaning products.
Three kinds of extended surfactants(e-surfactants),sodium linear alkyl polyoxypropylene ether sulfates(C_nP_3 S) were synthesized from dodecyl alcohol,tetradecyl alcohol and dodecyl/tetradecyl mixed alcohol,respectively. Structure of the e-surfactants were characterized by FTIR and ~1 H NMR. Interfacial and micellar solution properties were investigated in comparison to sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium laureth-3 sulfate(SLE_3 S). The results from ~1 H NMR spectra indicate that the average adduct number of propylene oxide of C_nP_3 S is about 3.0. It was found that both the polypropylene oxide(PPO) spacer and alkyl chain growth provide hydrophobicity to C_nP_3 S molecules,at the same time,the PPO chain also provides polarity. Thus both C_(12) P_3 S and C_(14) P_3 S show lower surface tension,better emulsifying power,slightly worse foamability,equal or slightly better detergency in comparison to SDS and SLE_3 S,as well as wettability in between. They also exhibit good low-temperature solubility and calcium tolerance. C_(1214) P_3 S mixture exhibits synergism on foamability,detergency and calcium tolerance due to homologues. Therefore,these excellent properties of C_nP_3 S are brought about by the amphipathicity being contributed by the PPO spacer,which indicates that C_nP_3 S might be candidates used in personal care and household cleaning products.
引文
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[2]Liu Xiaochen,Zhao Yongxiang,Li Qiuxiao,et al.Surface tension,interfacial tension and emulsification of sodium dodecyl sulfate extended surfactant[J].Colloids Surf,A,2016,494:201-208.
[3]He Zhiqiang,Zhang Meijun,Fang Yun,et al.Extended surfactants:A well-designed spacer to improve interfacial performance through a gradual polarity transition[J].Colloids Surf,A,2014,450:83-92.
[4]LüMengdie,Zhou Yawen,Wang Shan,et al.Effects of the polypropylene oxide number on the surface properties of a type of extended surfactant[J].J Surfactants Deterg,2018,21(3):335-341.
[5]Wan Wei,Zhao Jian,Harwell J H,et al.Characterization of crude oil equivalent alkane carbon number(EACN)for surfactant flooding design[J].J Dispersion Sci Technol,2016,37(2):280-287.
[6]Guo Long,Liu Yan,Hu Songshang,et al.Dynamic interfacial tensions of alkyl alcohol polyoxypropylene-oxyehtylene ether sulfonate solutions[J].J Pet Sci Eng,2016,141:9-15.
[7]Jin Luchao,Budhathoki M,Jamili A,et al.Predicting microemulsion phase behavior using physics based HLD-NACequation of state for surfactant flooding[J].J Pet Sci Eng,2016,151:213-223.
[8]Velásquez J,Scorzza C,Vejar F,et al.Effect of temperature and other variables on the optimum formulation of anionic extended surfactant-alkane-brine systems[J].J Surfactants Deterg,2010,13(1):69-73.
[9]刘环环,陈骥,方云,等.Extended表面活性剂异辛醇聚氧丙烯醚硫酸钠的性能研究[J].石油化工,2016,45(8):946-950.
[10]Chanwattanakit J,Chavadej S.Laundry detergency of solid non-particulate soil using microemulsion-based formulation[J].J Oleo Sci,2018,67(2):187-198.
[11]Attaphong C,Sabatini D A.Optimized microemulsion systems for detergency of vegetable oils at low surfactant concentration and bath temperature[J].J Surfactants Deterg,2017,20(4):805-813.
[12]Do L D,Attaphong C,Scamehorn J F,et al.Detergency of vegetable oils and semi-solid fats using microemulsion mixtures of anionic extended surfactants:The HLD concept and cold water applications[J].J Surfactants Deterg,2015,18(3):373-382.
[13]Du Zongliang,Zhou Dongliang,Chen Yong,et al.Surface properties of butanol phosphate esters in alkali solutions[J].JSurfactants Deterg,2010,13(2):201-206.