谷子氮高效基因型筛选及相关特性分析
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摘要
在低氮(0.5 mmol/L)和高氮(5.0 mmol/L)2个氮素水平下,研究不同氮效率谷子基因型的光合特性、农艺性状、氮含量、吸氮量、氮利用率、氮代谢相关酶活性及其相关性,以期为氮高效谷子新品种的选育提供基础材料。结果表明,低氮和高氮水平下,不同谷子基因型光合特性、主要农艺性状、氮含量及吸收利用指标变异系数分别为16.2%～34.4%和15.2%～22.5%、15.2%～55.4%和17.9%～49.3%、13.7%～28.4%和15.8%～23.7%。2个氮素水平下,谷子产量与光合速率、穗长、单穗质量、地上部生物量、吸氮量和氮利用率均呈显著或极显著正相关,与茎秆和根氮含量均呈显著负相关。根据2个氮素水平下的谷子产量差异将其分为双高效型、高氮高效型、低氮高效型和双低效型4种类型。豫谷17、豫谷23、冀谷33等在低氮和高氮水平下产量、吸氮量、氮利用率、氮代谢相关酶活性均表现突出,受氮肥影响较小,为典型双高效型基因型,适宜贫瘠地区种植;冀谷41、七叶黄、郑11-2等在低氮和高氮水平下均表现出氮低效利用特性,受氮肥影响较大,为典型双低效型基因型。
The photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,nitrogen(N) content,N uptake quantity,N use efficiency,activity of enzyme related with N metabolism and correlation among the characters of different foxtail millet genotypes with different N use efficiency were studied under low(0.5 mmol/L) and high(5.0 mmol/L)levels of N,so as to provide basis materials for breeding of foxtail millet variety with high N use efficiency.The results showed that the coefficients of variation of photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,N content and N use efficiency were 16.2%—34.4%,15.2%—55.4% and 13.7%—28.4% under low level of N,and 15.2%—22.5%,17.9%—49.3% and 15.8%—23.7% under high level of N,respectively.Grain yield was significantly positively associated with photosynthetic rate,spike length,single spike weight,aboveground biomass,N uptake quantity and N use efficiency,and significantly negatively associated with the N contents of stalks and roots under two N levels. The foxtail millet varieties(lines) were divided into four types based on grain yield under two N levels,which were type with high N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,type with high N use efficiency under low level of N and low N use efficiency under high level of N,type with low N use efficiency under low level of N and high N use efficiency under high level of N,type with low N use efficiency under low and high levels of N. Yugu 17,Yugu 23 and Jigu 33 were the typical genotypes with high N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,which had higher grain yield,N uptake quantity,N use efficiency and activities of enzymes related with N metabolism under low and high levels of N,and were slightly influenced by N fertilizer,and suitably planted in poor soil; however,Jigu 41,Qiyehuang and Zheng 11-2 were typical genotypes with low N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,which showed characteristics with low N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,and were greatly influenced by N fertilizer.
The photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,nitrogen(N) content,N uptake quantity,N use efficiency,activity of enzyme related with N metabolism and correlation among the characters of different foxtail millet genotypes with different N use efficiency were studied under low(0.5 mmol/L) and high(5.0 mmol/L)levels of N,so as to provide basis materials for breeding of foxtail millet variety with high N use efficiency.The results showed that the coefficients of variation of photosynthetic characteristics,agronomic traits,N content and N use efficiency were 16.2%—34.4%,15.2%—55.4% and 13.7%—28.4% under low level of N,and 15.2%—22.5%,17.9%—49.3% and 15.8%—23.7% under high level of N,respectively.Grain yield was significantly positively associated with photosynthetic rate,spike length,single spike weight,aboveground biomass,N uptake quantity and N use efficiency,and significantly negatively associated with the N contents of stalks and roots under two N levels. The foxtail millet varieties(lines) were divided into four types based on grain yield under two N levels,which were type with high N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,type with high N use efficiency under low level of N and low N use efficiency under high level of N,type with low N use efficiency under low level of N and high N use efficiency under high level of N,type with low N use efficiency under low and high levels of N. Yugu 17,Yugu 23 and Jigu 33 were the typical genotypes with high N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,which had higher grain yield,N uptake quantity,N use efficiency and activities of enzymes related with N metabolism under low and high levels of N,and were slightly influenced by N fertilizer,and suitably planted in poor soil; however,Jigu 41,Qiyehuang and Zheng 11-2 were typical genotypes with low N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,which showed characteristics with low N use efficiency under low and high levels of N,and were greatly influenced by N fertilizer.
引文
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[9] 梁兴萍,冯唯欣,秦鹏飞,等.谷子耐低氮品种的筛选[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(12):1747-1750,1757.
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[12] 张运红,孙克刚,杜君,等.施氮水平对不同基因型优质小麦干物质积累、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(4):10-16.
[13] 吕静瑶,申丽霞,晁晓乐.不同氮效率玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性研究[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(1):7-12.
[14] 杨睿,伍晓明,安蓉,等.不同基因型油菜氮素利用效率的差异及其与农艺性状和氮营养性状的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):586-596.
[15] 时丽冉,郝洪波,李明哲.不同基因型谷子幼苗期对低氮胁迫的响应[J].作物杂志,2014(4):75-79.
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[17] 王小纯,王晓航,熊淑萍,等.不同供氮水平下小麦品种的氮效率差异及其氮代谢特征[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(13):2569-2579.
[18] 代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,等.谷子氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].作物杂志,2016(5):147-151.
[19] PARK H,MOK S K,SEOK S J.Efficiency of soil and fertilizer nitrogenin relation to rice variety and application time,using N labeled fertilizer.V.15N point application in fields[J].J Korean Agric Chem,1982,25(4):30-34.
[20] 朴钟泽,韩龙植,高熙宗,等.水稻氮素利用效率的选择效果[J].作物学报,2004,30(7):651-656.
[21] 陈明霞,黄见良,崔克辉,等.不同氮效率基因型水稻植株氨挥发速率及其与氮效率的关系[J].作物学报,2010,36(5):879-884.
[22] 胡标林,李霞,万勇,等.东乡野生稻BILs群体耐低氮性表型性状指标筛选及其综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2346-2352.
[23] 裴雪霞,王姣爱,党建友,等.耐低氮小麦基因型筛选指标的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):93-98.
[24] 杜保见,郜红建,常江,等.小麦苗期氮素吸收利用效率差异及聚类分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1349-1357.
[25] 崔文芳,高聚林,于晓芳,等.氮高效玉米自交系的筛选指标及其子粒氮素营养特性分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):290-297.
[26] 赵春波,宋述尧,赵靖,等.北方地区不同黄瓜品种氮素吸收与利用效率的差异[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(8):1569-1578.
[27] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[28] 马新明,李琳,赵鹏,等.土壤水分对强筋小麦‘豫麦34’氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):48-53.
[29] 上海植物生理学会.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:156.
[30] 熊丹.水稻灌浆期弱光对籽粒氨基酸积累及相关酶活性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[31] PANG J Y,PALTA J A,REBETZKE G J,et al.Wheat genotypes with high early vigour accumulate more nitrogen and have higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during early growth[J].Functional Plant Biology,2014,41:215-222.
[32] MUURINEN S,SLAFER G A,PELTONEN-SAINIO P.Breeding effects on nitrogen use efficiency of spring cereals under northern conditions[J].Crop Science,2006,46:561-568.
[33] SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R,KINDRED D R.Analysing nitrogen responses of cereals to prioritize routes to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60:1939-1951.
[34] BINGHAM I J,KARLEY A J,WHITE P J,et al.Analysis of improvements in nitrogen use efficiency associated with 75 years of spring barley breeding[J].European Journalof Agronomy,2012,42:49-58.
[35] 张立媛.不同谷子品种氮素吸收与利用差异的研究[D].通辽:内蒙古民族大学,2015.
[36] 张锡洲,吴沂珀,李廷轩.不同施氮水平下不同氮利用效率小黑麦植株氮素积累分配特性[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):151-158.
[37] 赵付江,申书兴,李云,等.耐低氮茄子基因型的筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(3):375-380.
[2] CHEN X P,CUI Z L,FAN M S,et al.Producing more grain with lower environmental costs[J].Nature,2014,514:486-491.
[3] 罗志祥,苏泽胜,施伏芝,等.氮肥高效利用水稻育种的现状与展望[J].中国农学通报,2003,19(1) :66-67.
[4] KANT S,BI Y M,ROTHSTEIN S J.Understanding plant response to nitrogen limitation for the improvement of crop nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62:1490-1509.
[5] HAEGELE J W,COOK K A,NICHOLS D M,et al.Changes in nitrogen use traits associated with genetic improvement for grain yield of maize hybrids released in different decades[J].Crop Science,2013,53:1256-1268.
[6] CHENG X J,ROLAND J,BURESH R J,et al.Root and shoot traits for rice varieties with higher grain yield and higher nitrogen use efficiency at lower nitrogen rates application[J].Field Crops Research,2015,175:47-55.
[7] GAJU O,ALLARD V,MARTRE P,et al.Identification of traits to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat genotypes[J].Field Crops Research,2011,123:139-152.
[8] 陈二影,杨延兵,秦岭,等.谷子苗期氮高效品种筛选及相关特性分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(17):3287-3297.
[9] 梁兴萍,冯唯欣,秦鹏飞,等.谷子耐低氮品种的筛选[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(12):1747-1750,1757.
[10] 黄永兰,黎毛毛,芦明,等.氮高效水稻种质资源筛选及相关特性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(1):87-93.
[11] 张锡州,阳显斌,李廷轩,等.小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):369-375.
[12] 张运红,孙克刚,杜君,等.施氮水平对不同基因型优质小麦干物质积累、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(4):10-16.
[13] 吕静瑶,申丽霞,晁晓乐.不同氮效率玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性研究[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(1):7-12.
[14] 杨睿,伍晓明,安蓉,等.不同基因型油菜氮素利用效率的差异及其与农艺性状和氮营养性状的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):586-596.
[15] 时丽冉,郝洪波,李明哲.不同基因型谷子幼苗期对低氮胁迫的响应[J].作物杂志,2014(4):75-79.
[16] 冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,等.我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1051-1062.
[17] 王小纯,王晓航,熊淑萍,等.不同供氮水平下小麦品种的氮效率差异及其氮代谢特征[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(13):2569-2579.
[18] 代小冬,徐心志,朱灿灿,等.谷子氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究[J].作物杂志,2016(5):147-151.
[19] PARK H,MOK S K,SEOK S J.Efficiency of soil and fertilizer nitrogenin relation to rice variety and application time,using N labeled fertilizer.V.15N point application in fields[J].J Korean Agric Chem,1982,25(4):30-34.
[20] 朴钟泽,韩龙植,高熙宗,等.水稻氮素利用效率的选择效果[J].作物学报,2004,30(7):651-656.
[21] 陈明霞,黄见良,崔克辉,等.不同氮效率基因型水稻植株氨挥发速率及其与氮效率的关系[J].作物学报,2010,36(5):879-884.
[22] 胡标林,李霞,万勇,等.东乡野生稻BILs群体耐低氮性表型性状指标筛选及其综合评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2346-2352.
[23] 裴雪霞,王姣爱,党建友,等.耐低氮小麦基因型筛选指标的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):93-98.
[24] 杜保见,郜红建,常江,等.小麦苗期氮素吸收利用效率差异及聚类分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1349-1357.
[25] 崔文芳,高聚林,于晓芳,等.氮高效玉米自交系的筛选指标及其子粒氮素营养特性分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):290-297.
[26] 赵春波,宋述尧,赵靖,等.北方地区不同黄瓜品种氮素吸收与利用效率的差异[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(8):1569-1578.
[27] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[28] 马新明,李琳,赵鹏,等.土壤水分对强筋小麦‘豫麦34’氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):48-53.
[29] 上海植物生理学会.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:156.
[30] 熊丹.水稻灌浆期弱光对籽粒氨基酸积累及相关酶活性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[31] PANG J Y,PALTA J A,REBETZKE G J,et al.Wheat genotypes with high early vigour accumulate more nitrogen and have higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during early growth[J].Functional Plant Biology,2014,41:215-222.
[32] MUURINEN S,SLAFER G A,PELTONEN-SAINIO P.Breeding effects on nitrogen use efficiency of spring cereals under northern conditions[J].Crop Science,2006,46:561-568.
[33] SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R,KINDRED D R.Analysing nitrogen responses of cereals to prioritize routes to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60:1939-1951.
[34] BINGHAM I J,KARLEY A J,WHITE P J,et al.Analysis of improvements in nitrogen use efficiency associated with 75 years of spring barley breeding[J].European Journalof Agronomy,2012,42:49-58.
[35] 张立媛.不同谷子品种氮素吸收与利用差异的研究[D].通辽:内蒙古民族大学,2015.
[36] 张锡洲,吴沂珀,李廷轩.不同施氮水平下不同氮利用效率小黑麦植株氮素积累分配特性[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):151-158.
[37] 赵付江,申书兴,李云,等.耐低氮茄子基因型的筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(3):375-380.