试析“印度制造”战略与印度经济前景
摘要
"印度制造"是印度莫迪政府的一项重要经济战略,目标是将印度打造成制造业大国,推动经济保持高速增长,让21世纪成为"印度世纪"。莫迪政府出台一系列举措,改善营商环境,吸引外资,鼓励创新创业。但受基础设施落后、劳动力质量不高、民主政治效率低下等多重因素制约,该战略落实步伐较为缓慢。"印度制造"已成为印度经济发展的重要风向标和晴雨表。
The "Make in India"campaign is an important economic strategy of the Modi government in India. It aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub,maintain the momentum of rapid growth,and "make the21 st century India's century". Therefore,the Modi government has taken a series of measures as follows: improving ease of doing business,attracting foreign direct investment,and encouraging innovation and start-ups. However,the strategy has been implemented at a relatively slow pace due to poor infrastructure,unskilled labor force,inefficiency of India's democracy and others. The "Make in India"campaign becomes an important indicator of the future trajectory of India's economic growth.
The "Make in India"campaign is an important economic strategy of the Modi government in India. It aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub,maintain the momentum of rapid growth,and "make the21 st century India's century". Therefore,the Modi government has taken a series of measures as follows: improving ease of doing business,attracting foreign direct investment,and encouraging innovation and start-ups. However,the strategy has been implemented at a relatively slow pace due to poor infrastructure,unskilled labor force,inefficiency of India's democracy and others. The "Make in India"campaign becomes an important indicator of the future trajectory of India's economic growth.
引文
(1)“Election-winner Narendra Modi:21st Century Belongs to India”,The Guardian,May 17,2014.
(2)Ian Bremmer,“India:The Last BRIC Standing”,Fortune,December 28,2015,http://fortune.com/2015/12/28/bric-countries-india-narendra-modi/.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(3)“Modi Launches‘Make in India’Campaign,Portal and Logo”,http://www.newindianexpress.com/business/news/Modi-LaunchesMake-in-India-Campaign-Portal-and-Logo/2014/09/25/article2448917.ece.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(4)“India Push to Become Manufacturing Hub Hinges on Easing Investment”,http://www.voanews.com/content/india-push-to-become-manufacturing-hub-hinges-on-easing-investment/3192756.html.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(5)“Major Innitiatives:Make in India”,http://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/major_initiatives/make-in-india/.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(1)Economic Survey 2015-16,Chapter 06,http://indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(2)“Centre relaxes FDI Norms in 15 Sectors”,The Hindu,November 10,2015.
(3)“It’s 100%FDI in Most Sectors,Including Defence”,The Hindu,June 20,2016.
(4)“India Inc Cheers as Coal Mining Opens up to Indian and Foreign Private Companies”,The Economic Times,March 21,2015.
(5)“Govt Eases FDI Norms in 15 Major Sectors,Including Defence,Civil Aviation”,The Indian Express,November 11,2015.
(6)“Modi’s Reform Agenda to Revive Economic Growth in India”,The Reuters,November 28,2014,http://in.reuters.com/article/india-economy-modi-reform-id INKCN0JC18T20141128.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(7)“Parliament Approves GST,India’s Biggest Tax Reform”,The Reuters,August 9,2016,http://in.reuters.com/article/india-gst-parliament-id INKCN10J1M2.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(8)“Start Up India,Stand Up India:19 Exciting Plans for Startups”,January 18,2016,http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/start-up-india-stand-up-india/1/573128.html.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(9)“Government to Train 40 Crore People under Skill India Initiative”,The Economic Times,July 15,2015.
(1)“Skill India:How to Train 35 cr People over Next 5-7Years”,The Financial Times,July 11,2016.
(2)“Government to Train 40 crore People under Skill India Initiative”,The Economic Times,July 15,2015.
(3)“安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长”,第32页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(4)“Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor to Attract Foreign Funds:ADB”,The Financial Express,May 4,2016.
(5)“莫迪政府推进‘印度制造’运动,实力几何”,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-02/25/c_128748164.htm.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(6)“Prime Minister’s Address at the Opening Ceremony of Hannover Messe”,http://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/25059/Prime_Ministers_address_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_Hannover_Messe_April_12_2015.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(7)“Local Defence Manufacturing is the Heart of Make in India:Modi”,Livemint,February 18,2015.
(8)“India is the World’s Llargest Arms Importer.It Aims to be a Big Weapons Dealer,Too”,The Washington Post,November 16,2014.
(9)“Full Text of Modi’s Speech at Aero India 2015”,The Hindu,February 18,2015.
(10)“Joint Statement During the isit of Prime Minister to USA”,http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/24051/Joint_Statement_during_the_visit_of_Prime_Minister_to_USA.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)
(1)每年4月1日至次年3月31日。
(2)2015年2月,印度调整GDP计算方法,将此数字分别修订为5.1%和6.9%。但一些经济学家认为,调整后的数据显然与当时印度经济黯然失色的表现不符。
(3)“India Sees Worst Slowdown,GDP Growth at 4.7%in FY14”,http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-sees-worst-slowdown-gdp-growth-at-47-in-fy14/20140530.htm.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)
(4)“Manifesto 2014-Bharatiya Janata Party”,http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf_2014/full_manifesto_english_07.04.2014.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)
(5)“FDI Surges after‘Make in India’,Up 46%at$62 Billion”,The Economic Times,July 20,2016.
(6)“Modi’s‘Make in India’a Success:Moody’s”,The Times of India,April 8,2016.
(1)Rahul Anand,Kalpana Kochhar,and Saurabh Mishra,“Make in India:Which Exports Can Drive the Next Wave of Growth?”https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15119.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)。
(2)Shekhar Aiyar and Ashoka Mody,“The Demographic Dividend:Evidence from the Indian States”,https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2011/wp1138.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(3)Kelkar,V.“India:On the Growth Turnpike”,Narayanan Oration,Speech delivered at the Australian National University,Canberra,2004,转引自Shekhar Aiyar and Ashoka Mody,“The Demographic Dividend:Evidence from the Indian States”,IMF Working Paper,WP/11/38,February 2011,https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2011/wp1138.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(4)Pratiksha Mishra Taruna,“Role of Make in India as Driver of Growth in Manufacturing Sector”,http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2016/vol2issue1/PartI/2-1-76.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(5)Christophe Jaffrelo,t“Nowhere to Go”,The Indian Express,A-pril 29,2016.
(6)Christophe Jaffrelo,t“Nowhere to Go”,The Indian Express,A-pril 29,2016.
(7)“English Rendering of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s Address at theL aunch of‘Make in India’Global Initiative”,http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110043.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(8)Sunita San&A.Srija,“Make in India and the Potential for Job Creation”,http://www.ies.gov.in/pdfs/make-in-india-oct15.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(9)“List of Countries by GDP Sector Composition”,http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-gdp-sector-composition.php.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(1)杨文武主编:《印度经济发展模式研究》,时事出版社,2013年,第339~340页。
(2)“India’s Gamble with Services”,The Hindu,August 5,2014.
(3)Satish Y.Deodhar,“Make in India:Re-chanting the Mantra with a Difference”,http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/snippets/workingpaperpdf/1492390252015-02-02.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(4)Economic Survey 2015-16,Chapter 06,http://indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(5)“Progress of Make in India”,http://phdcci.in/file/thematic_pdf/Progress%20of%20Make%20in%20India.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(6)“Growth of eE conomy Dependent on Manufacturing Sector,Says Arun Jaitley”,http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-growth-of-economy-dependent-on-manufacturing-sector-says-arun-jaitley-2125981.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(7)“安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长”,第15页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(8)“FDI Tide Turns in India’s Favour”,The Hindu,May 8,2016.
(9)“India Replaces China as Top FDI Destination in 2015:Report”,The Economic Times,April 21,2016.
(10)《安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长》,第41页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(11)“India,US to Kick off Joint Production on 4 Defence Projects”,The Times of India,January 26,2015.
(12)“‘Made in India’F-16s on Radar,Thanks to FDI”,The Hindu,June 22,2016.
(13)“No Make in India Impact Visible yet in Exports”,Livemint,May 20,2016,http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/d Lu5DiB zJ MyG f3e0r4oyb K/No-Make-in-India-impact-visible-yet-inexports.html.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)。
(1)“GST Bill Passed in RS but Congress’Fight for 18%Tax Rate Far from Over”,The Hindustan Times,August 5,2016.
(2)“Alphabetical Party Position in the Rajya Sabha As On:Wednesday,July 27,2016”,http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/partymemberlist.aspx.(上网时间:2016年7月27日)
(3)“Land Bill:Modi Govt Gives in,Agrees to Bring Back UPA’s Key?Provisions”,The Indian Express,August 4,2015.
(4)《对外投资合作国别(地区)指南》(2015年版),第21页,http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/gbdqzn/upload/yindu.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月27日)
(5)“India’s Per Capita Electricity Consumption Touches 1010KWh”,Livemint,July 20,2015.
(6)“India Jumps 16 Places in WEF Competitiveness Ranking”,Livemint,September 30,2015.
(7)“The Opportunity and Challenge of India’s Infrastructure”,https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/capital-projects-infrastructure/assets/gridlines-india-article-2013.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月27日)
(8)“5 Major Challenges to Modi’s Make in India”,The Hindustan Times,February 16,2016.
(9)“Skill India Needs Concerted Attention”,The Economic Times,July 18,2016.
(1)Satish Y.Deodhar,“Make in India:Re-chanting the Mantra with a Difference”,http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/snippets/workingpaperpdf/1492390252015-02-02.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(2)T.Vijayaragava,“Make in India and Its Strength to Become India a Manufacturing Hub”,http://iasir.net/IJEBEApapers/IJEBEA15-335.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月28日)
(3)“Thrift in Education?”Livemint,May 12,2016.
(4)“New IIT,IIMs but Education Sees 17%Cut”,The Indian Express,March 1,2015.
(5)“‘印度制造’难追赶中国”,http://m.ftchinese.com/story/001059921.(上网时间:2016年7月28日)
(6)《安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长》,第45页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(7)“‘印度制造’难追赶中国”,http://m.ftchinese.com/story/001059921.(上网时间:2016年7月28日)
(8)《安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长》,第45页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(9)“Stitching up Employment”,The Indian Express,June 23,2016.
(10)Ian Bremmer,“India:The Last BRIC Standing”,http://fortune.com/2015/12/28/bric-countries-india-narendra-modi/.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(11)Ian Bremmer,“India:The Last BRIC Standing”,http://fortune.com/2015/12/28/bric-countries-india-narendra-modi/.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(2)Ian Bremmer,“India:The Last BRIC Standing”,Fortune,December 28,2015,http://fortune.com/2015/12/28/bric-countries-india-narendra-modi/.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(3)“Modi Launches‘Make in India’Campaign,Portal and Logo”,http://www.newindianexpress.com/business/news/Modi-LaunchesMake-in-India-Campaign-Portal-and-Logo/2014/09/25/article2448917.ece.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(4)“India Push to Become Manufacturing Hub Hinges on Easing Investment”,http://www.voanews.com/content/india-push-to-become-manufacturing-hub-hinges-on-easing-investment/3192756.html.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(5)“Major Innitiatives:Make in India”,http://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/major_initiatives/make-in-india/.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(1)Economic Survey 2015-16,Chapter 06,http://indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(2)“Centre relaxes FDI Norms in 15 Sectors”,The Hindu,November 10,2015.
(3)“It’s 100%FDI in Most Sectors,Including Defence”,The Hindu,June 20,2016.
(4)“India Inc Cheers as Coal Mining Opens up to Indian and Foreign Private Companies”,The Economic Times,March 21,2015.
(5)“Govt Eases FDI Norms in 15 Major Sectors,Including Defence,Civil Aviation”,The Indian Express,November 11,2015.
(6)“Modi’s Reform Agenda to Revive Economic Growth in India”,The Reuters,November 28,2014,http://in.reuters.com/article/india-economy-modi-reform-id INKCN0JC18T20141128.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(7)“Parliament Approves GST,India’s Biggest Tax Reform”,The Reuters,August 9,2016,http://in.reuters.com/article/india-gst-parliament-id INKCN10J1M2.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(8)“Start Up India,Stand Up India:19 Exciting Plans for Startups”,January 18,2016,http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/start-up-india-stand-up-india/1/573128.html.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(9)“Government to Train 40 Crore People under Skill India Initiative”,The Economic Times,July 15,2015.
(1)“Skill India:How to Train 35 cr People over Next 5-7Years”,The Financial Times,July 11,2016.
(2)“Government to Train 40 crore People under Skill India Initiative”,The Economic Times,July 15,2015.
(3)“安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长”,第32页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(4)“Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor to Attract Foreign Funds:ADB”,The Financial Express,May 4,2016.
(5)“莫迪政府推进‘印度制造’运动,实力几何”,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-02/25/c_128748164.htm.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(6)“Prime Minister’s Address at the Opening Ceremony of Hannover Messe”,http://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/25059/Prime_Ministers_address_at_the_opening_ceremony_of_Hannover_Messe_April_12_2015.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(7)“Local Defence Manufacturing is the Heart of Make in India:Modi”,Livemint,February 18,2015.
(8)“India is the World’s Llargest Arms Importer.It Aims to be a Big Weapons Dealer,Too”,The Washington Post,November 16,2014.
(9)“Full Text of Modi’s Speech at Aero India 2015”,The Hindu,February 18,2015.
(10)“Joint Statement During the isit of Prime Minister to USA”,http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/24051/Joint_Statement_during_the_visit_of_Prime_Minister_to_USA.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)
(1)每年4月1日至次年3月31日。
(2)2015年2月,印度调整GDP计算方法,将此数字分别修订为5.1%和6.9%。但一些经济学家认为,调整后的数据显然与当时印度经济黯然失色的表现不符。
(3)“India Sees Worst Slowdown,GDP Growth at 4.7%in FY14”,http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-india-sees-worst-slowdown-gdp-growth-at-47-in-fy14/20140530.htm.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)
(4)“Manifesto 2014-Bharatiya Janata Party”,http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf_2014/full_manifesto_english_07.04.2014.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)
(5)“FDI Surges after‘Make in India’,Up 46%at$62 Billion”,The Economic Times,July 20,2016.
(6)“Modi’s‘Make in India’a Success:Moody’s”,The Times of India,April 8,2016.
(1)Rahul Anand,Kalpana Kochhar,and Saurabh Mishra,“Make in India:Which Exports Can Drive the Next Wave of Growth?”https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15119.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月21日)。
(2)Shekhar Aiyar and Ashoka Mody,“The Demographic Dividend:Evidence from the Indian States”,https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2011/wp1138.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(3)Kelkar,V.“India:On the Growth Turnpike”,Narayanan Oration,Speech delivered at the Australian National University,Canberra,2004,转引自Shekhar Aiyar and Ashoka Mody,“The Demographic Dividend:Evidence from the Indian States”,IMF Working Paper,WP/11/38,February 2011,https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2011/wp1138.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(4)Pratiksha Mishra Taruna,“Role of Make in India as Driver of Growth in Manufacturing Sector”,http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2016/vol2issue1/PartI/2-1-76.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(5)Christophe Jaffrelo,t“Nowhere to Go”,The Indian Express,A-pril 29,2016.
(6)Christophe Jaffrelo,t“Nowhere to Go”,The Indian Express,A-pril 29,2016.
(7)“English Rendering of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s Address at theL aunch of‘Make in India’Global Initiative”,http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110043.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(8)Sunita San&A.Srija,“Make in India and the Potential for Job Creation”,http://www.ies.gov.in/pdfs/make-in-india-oct15.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(9)“List of Countries by GDP Sector Composition”,http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-gdp-sector-composition.php.(上网时间:2016年7月25日)
(1)杨文武主编:《印度经济发展模式研究》,时事出版社,2013年,第339~340页。
(2)“India’s Gamble with Services”,The Hindu,August 5,2014.
(3)Satish Y.Deodhar,“Make in India:Re-chanting the Mantra with a Difference”,http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/snippets/workingpaperpdf/1492390252015-02-02.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(4)Economic Survey 2015-16,Chapter 06,http://indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp.(上网时间:2016年7月14日)
(5)“Progress of Make in India”,http://phdcci.in/file/thematic_pdf/Progress%20of%20Make%20in%20India.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(6)“Growth of eE conomy Dependent on Manufacturing Sector,Says Arun Jaitley”,http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-growth-of-economy-dependent-on-manufacturing-sector-says-arun-jaitley-2125981.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(7)“安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长”,第15页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(8)“FDI Tide Turns in India’s Favour”,The Hindu,May 8,2016.
(9)“India Replaces China as Top FDI Destination in 2015:Report”,The Economic Times,April 21,2016.
(10)《安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长》,第41页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(11)“India,US to Kick off Joint Production on 4 Defence Projects”,The Times of India,January 26,2015.
(12)“‘Made in India’F-16s on Radar,Thanks to FDI”,The Hindu,June 22,2016.
(13)“No Make in India Impact Visible yet in Exports”,Livemint,May 20,2016,http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/d Lu5DiB zJ MyG f3e0r4oyb K/No-Make-in-India-impact-visible-yet-inexports.html.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)。
(1)“GST Bill Passed in RS but Congress’Fight for 18%Tax Rate Far from Over”,The Hindustan Times,August 5,2016.
(2)“Alphabetical Party Position in the Rajya Sabha As On:Wednesday,July 27,2016”,http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/partymemberlist.aspx.(上网时间:2016年7月27日)
(3)“Land Bill:Modi Govt Gives in,Agrees to Bring Back UPA’s Key?Provisions”,The Indian Express,August 4,2015.
(4)《对外投资合作国别(地区)指南》(2015年版),第21页,http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/gbdqzn/upload/yindu.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月27日)
(5)“India’s Per Capita Electricity Consumption Touches 1010KWh”,Livemint,July 20,2015.
(6)“India Jumps 16 Places in WEF Competitiveness Ranking”,Livemint,September 30,2015.
(7)“The Opportunity and Challenge of India’s Infrastructure”,https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/capital-projects-infrastructure/assets/gridlines-india-article-2013.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月27日)
(8)“5 Major Challenges to Modi’s Make in India”,The Hindustan Times,February 16,2016.
(9)“Skill India Needs Concerted Attention”,The Economic Times,July 18,2016.
(1)Satish Y.Deodhar,“Make in India:Re-chanting the Mantra with a Difference”,http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/snippets/workingpaperpdf/1492390252015-02-02.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月26日)
(2)T.Vijayaragava,“Make in India and Its Strength to Become India a Manufacturing Hub”,http://iasir.net/IJEBEApapers/IJEBEA15-335.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月28日)
(3)“Thrift in Education?”Livemint,May 12,2016.
(4)“New IIT,IIMs but Education Sees 17%Cut”,The Indian Express,March 1,2015.
(5)“‘印度制造’难追赶中国”,http://m.ftchinese.com/story/001059921.(上网时间:2016年7月28日)
(6)《安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长》,第45页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(7)“‘印度制造’难追赶中国”,http://m.ftchinese.com/story/001059921.(上网时间:2016年7月28日)
(8)《安永咨询2015印度吸引力调查:准备、就绪、成长》,第45页,http://www.indianembassy.org.cn/Up Document/C_India_attractiveness_survey_2015_LR.pdf.(上网时间:2016年7月20日)
(9)“Stitching up Employment”,The Indian Express,June 23,2016.
(10)Ian Bremmer,“India:The Last BRIC Standing”,http://fortune.com/2015/12/28/bric-countries-india-narendra-modi/.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)
(11)Ian Bremmer,“India:The Last BRIC Standing”,http://fortune.com/2015/12/28/bric-countries-india-narendra-modi/.(上网时间:2016年8月26日)