Low soil temperature reducing the yield of drip irrigated rice in arid area by influencing anther development and pollination
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摘要
Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.
Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.
Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation.
引文
Bai R X,Chen L,Zhang X J,et al.2017.Effect of salinity and soil temperature on the growth and physiology of drip-irrigated rice seedlings.Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,63(4):513-524.
Bates L S,Waldren R P,Teare I D.1973.Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies.Plant and Soil,39(1):205-207.
Boursiac Y,Chen S,Luu D T,et al.2005.Early effects of salinity on water transport in Arabidopsis roots.Molecular and cellular features of aquaporin expression.Plant Physiology,139(2):790-805.
Carter M R,Gregorich E G.2007.Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis.Boca Raton:CRC Press,350-375.
Daryanto S,Wang L,Jacinthe P A.2017.Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal,legume,tuber and root crops production:A review.Agricultural Water Management,179:18-33.
Datta R,Chamusco K C,Chourey P S.2002.Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is associated with altered patterns of gene expression in maize.Plant Physiology,130(4):1645-1656.
FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).1998.World Reference Base for Soil Resources.In:FAO.World Soil Resource Reports.Rome,ISSS(International Society of Soil Science),ISRIC(International Soil Reference and Information Centre).
Glaubitz U,Erban A,Kopka J,et al.2015.High night temperature strongly impacts TCA cycle,amino acid and polyamine biosynthetic pathways in rice in a sensitivity-dependent manner.Journal of Experimental Botany,66(20):6385-6397.
Gunawardena T A,Fukai S,Blamey F P,et al.2003.Low temperature induced spikelet sterility in rice.I.Nitrogen fertilisation and sensitive reproductive period.Crop&Pasture Science,54(10):937-946.
Guo Q R,Chen L.2012.The advantages and prospects of rice cultivation techniques under-mulch-drip irrigation.China Rice,18(4):36-39.(in Chinese)
Hatfield J L,Prueger J H.2015.Temperature extremes:effect on plant growth and development.Weather and Climate Extremes,10:4-10.
He H,Ma F,Yang R,et al.2013.Rice performance and water use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation.PLoSONE,8(12):e83103.
Imran M,Mahmood A,R?mheld V,et al.2013.Nutrient seed priming improves seedling development of maize exposed to low root zone temperatures during early growth.European Journal of Agronomy,49:141-148.
Malcolm P J,Holford P,Barchia I,et al.2014.High and low root zone temperatures at bud-break reduce growth and influence dry matter partitioning in peach rootstocks.Scientia Horticulturae,171:83-90.
Matsuda,F,Yamasaki M,Hasunuma T,et al.2011.Variation in biomass properties among rice diverse cultivars.Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,75(8):1603-1605.
Menberg K,Blum P,Kurylyk B L,et al.2014.Observed groundwater temperature response to recent climate change.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18(11):4453-4466.
Murai-Hatano M,Kuwagata T,Sakurai J,et al.2008.Effect of low root temperature on hydraulic conductivity of rice plants and the possible role of aquaporins.Plant and Cell Physiology,49(9):1294-1305.
Pinto R S,Reynolds M P.2015.Common genetic basis for canopy temperature depression under heat and drought stress associated with optimized root distribution in bread wheat.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,128(4):575-585.
Poschenrieder C,GunséB,BarcelóJ.1989.Influence of cadmium on water relations,stomatal resistance,and abscisic acid content in expanding bean leaves.Plant Physiology,90(4):1365-1371.
Pucholt P,Sj?din P,Weih M,et al.2015.Genome-wide transcriptional and physiological responses to drought stress in leaves and roots of two willow genotypes.BMC Plant Biology,15(1):244-244.
Saab I N,Sharp R E,Pritchard J,et al.1990.Increased endogenous abscisic acid maintains primary root growth and inhibits shoot growth of maize seedlings at low water potentials.Plant Physiology,93(4):1329-1336.
Scholander P F,Bradstreet E D,Hemmingsen E A,et al.1965.Sap pressure in vascular plants:negative hydrostatic pressure can be measured in plants.Science,148(3668):339-346.
Shi X,Zhou Q,Wang Y,et al.2015.Research on soil moisture dynamic under negative pressure irrigation.In:Wang Y P,Zhao J H.Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy,Environment and Materials Science(EEMS 2015).Boca Raton:CRC Press,25-26.
Song G,Wang M,Zeng B,et al.2015.Anther response to high-temperature stress during development and pollen thermotolerance heterosis as revealed by pollen tube growth and in vitro pollen vigor analysis in upland cotton.Planta.241(5):1271-1285.
Theocharis A,Clément C,Barka E A,et al.2012.Physiological and molecular changes in plants grown at low temperatures.Planta,235(6):1091-1105.
Tian F,Yang P,Hu H,et al.2017.Energy balance and canopy conductance for a cotton field under film mulched drip irrigation in an arid region of northwestern China.Agricultural Water Management,179:110-121.
Yan Q,Duan Z,Mao J,et al.2013.Low root zone temperature limits nutrient effects on cucumber seedling growth and induces adversity physiological response.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,12(8):1450-1460.
Zhang J,Hou J,Zhang H,et al.2019.Low soil temperature inhibits yield of rice under drip irrigation.Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,19(1):228-236.
Zhang X J,Zhang S J,Zhao H,et al.2016.Effect of HCO3-on rice growth and iron uptake under flood irrigation and drip irrigation with plastic film mulch.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,178(6):944-952.
Bates L S,Waldren R P,Teare I D.1973.Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies.Plant and Soil,39(1):205-207.
Boursiac Y,Chen S,Luu D T,et al.2005.Early effects of salinity on water transport in Arabidopsis roots.Molecular and cellular features of aquaporin expression.Plant Physiology,139(2):790-805.
Carter M R,Gregorich E G.2007.Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis.Boca Raton:CRC Press,350-375.
Daryanto S,Wang L,Jacinthe P A.2017.Global synthesis of drought effects on cereal,legume,tuber and root crops production:A review.Agricultural Water Management,179:18-33.
Datta R,Chamusco K C,Chourey P S.2002.Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is associated with altered patterns of gene expression in maize.Plant Physiology,130(4):1645-1656.
FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).1998.World Reference Base for Soil Resources.In:FAO.World Soil Resource Reports.Rome,ISSS(International Society of Soil Science),ISRIC(International Soil Reference and Information Centre).
Glaubitz U,Erban A,Kopka J,et al.2015.High night temperature strongly impacts TCA cycle,amino acid and polyamine biosynthetic pathways in rice in a sensitivity-dependent manner.Journal of Experimental Botany,66(20):6385-6397.
Gunawardena T A,Fukai S,Blamey F P,et al.2003.Low temperature induced spikelet sterility in rice.I.Nitrogen fertilisation and sensitive reproductive period.Crop&Pasture Science,54(10):937-946.
Guo Q R,Chen L.2012.The advantages and prospects of rice cultivation techniques under-mulch-drip irrigation.China Rice,18(4):36-39.(in Chinese)
Hatfield J L,Prueger J H.2015.Temperature extremes:effect on plant growth and development.Weather and Climate Extremes,10:4-10.
He H,Ma F,Yang R,et al.2013.Rice performance and water use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation.PLoSONE,8(12):e83103.
Imran M,Mahmood A,R?mheld V,et al.2013.Nutrient seed priming improves seedling development of maize exposed to low root zone temperatures during early growth.European Journal of Agronomy,49:141-148.
Malcolm P J,Holford P,Barchia I,et al.2014.High and low root zone temperatures at bud-break reduce growth and influence dry matter partitioning in peach rootstocks.Scientia Horticulturae,171:83-90.
Matsuda,F,Yamasaki M,Hasunuma T,et al.2011.Variation in biomass properties among rice diverse cultivars.Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,75(8):1603-1605.
Menberg K,Blum P,Kurylyk B L,et al.2014.Observed groundwater temperature response to recent climate change.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18(11):4453-4466.
Murai-Hatano M,Kuwagata T,Sakurai J,et al.2008.Effect of low root temperature on hydraulic conductivity of rice plants and the possible role of aquaporins.Plant and Cell Physiology,49(9):1294-1305.
Pinto R S,Reynolds M P.2015.Common genetic basis for canopy temperature depression under heat and drought stress associated with optimized root distribution in bread wheat.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,128(4):575-585.
Poschenrieder C,GunséB,BarcelóJ.1989.Influence of cadmium on water relations,stomatal resistance,and abscisic acid content in expanding bean leaves.Plant Physiology,90(4):1365-1371.
Pucholt P,Sj?din P,Weih M,et al.2015.Genome-wide transcriptional and physiological responses to drought stress in leaves and roots of two willow genotypes.BMC Plant Biology,15(1):244-244.
Saab I N,Sharp R E,Pritchard J,et al.1990.Increased endogenous abscisic acid maintains primary root growth and inhibits shoot growth of maize seedlings at low water potentials.Plant Physiology,93(4):1329-1336.
Scholander P F,Bradstreet E D,Hemmingsen E A,et al.1965.Sap pressure in vascular plants:negative hydrostatic pressure can be measured in plants.Science,148(3668):339-346.
Shi X,Zhou Q,Wang Y,et al.2015.Research on soil moisture dynamic under negative pressure irrigation.In:Wang Y P,Zhao J H.Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy,Environment and Materials Science(EEMS 2015).Boca Raton:CRC Press,25-26.
Song G,Wang M,Zeng B,et al.2015.Anther response to high-temperature stress during development and pollen thermotolerance heterosis as revealed by pollen tube growth and in vitro pollen vigor analysis in upland cotton.Planta.241(5):1271-1285.
Theocharis A,Clément C,Barka E A,et al.2012.Physiological and molecular changes in plants grown at low temperatures.Planta,235(6):1091-1105.
Tian F,Yang P,Hu H,et al.2017.Energy balance and canopy conductance for a cotton field under film mulched drip irrigation in an arid region of northwestern China.Agricultural Water Management,179:110-121.
Yan Q,Duan Z,Mao J,et al.2013.Low root zone temperature limits nutrient effects on cucumber seedling growth and induces adversity physiological response.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,12(8):1450-1460.
Zhang J,Hou J,Zhang H,et al.2019.Low soil temperature inhibits yield of rice under drip irrigation.Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,19(1):228-236.
Zhang X J,Zhang S J,Zhao H,et al.2016.Effect of HCO3-on rice growth and iron uptake under flood irrigation and drip irrigation with plastic film mulch.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,178(6):944-952.