丛林式橡胶林内植物水分利用效率与叶片养分含量
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摘要
选取西双版纳地区丛林式橡胶林为研究对象,以纯橡胶林为对照,分别在2016年干季(3月)和雨季(5、6、7月)进行取样,测定两个样地内植物叶片δ13C值,比较植物水分利用效率,测定叶片C、N、P含量,计算叶片N/P值,分析植物对养分的利用与竞争关系,并综合分析植物水分利用效率与养分之间的相关性。结果表明,干季橡胶树受到干旱胁迫,其水分利用效率显著高于雨季,此时叶片N、P含量也显著高于雨季;丛林式橡胶林内橡胶树水分利用效率低于纯橡胶林内橡胶树,叶片N、P含量和N/P值均高于纯橡胶林中橡胶树;两个样地内不同植物与不同时间的水分利用效率,叶片C、N、P含量和N/P值均存在显著差异;相关性分析表明,水分利用效率与叶片N、P含量呈正相关,与叶片C含量、N/P值呈负相关。因此,丛林式橡胶林内橡胶树能更好地应对干旱,具有较强的养分获取能力。该研究揭示了丛林式橡胶林内植物水分利用效率以及养分利用特征,表明丛林式橡胶林是一种值得推广的农林复合生态系统。
Jungle rubber is a rubber agroforestry ecosystem based on tropical rainforest structure that conforms to the thought of sustainable development rubber garden and has great potential applications, but the competition among plants for water and nutrients in jungle rubber is not clear.For these reasons we measured leaf δ13 C, carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) contents of Hevea brasiliensis as well as the dominant species in jungle rubber and one rubber monoculture which is located at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Southwest Yunnan Province, China in March 2016(dry season) and May, June, July 2016(rainy season) to analyze the relationship between the competition for water and nutrients in jungle rubber. We have got some results from collecting plant samples, laboratory test and statistical analysis method. In dry season H. brasiliensis were affected by drought stress, and their water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of rainy season. And the water use efficiency of H. brasiliensis in jungle rubber was lower than that in rubber monoculture, while the leaf N, P contents and N/P values were higher than those in rubber monoculture. There was significant difference among water use efficiency, leaf C, N, P content and N/P value of different time and different species in two study sites. Correlation analysis showed that the water use efficiency was positively correlated with the content of N and P in leaves but negative correlated with N/P value and C content in leaves. All above the results indicated that H. brasiliensis in jungle rubber got higher tolerance toward seasonal drought stress and stronger ability of nutrient acquisition than that in rubber monoculture. This study revealed the effects of planting pattern on the water use efficiency and nutrient absorption of plants, and proved that jungle rubber was a promising sustainable rubber agroforestry ecosystem.
Jungle rubber is a rubber agroforestry ecosystem based on tropical rainforest structure that conforms to the thought of sustainable development rubber garden and has great potential applications, but the competition among plants for water and nutrients in jungle rubber is not clear.For these reasons we measured leaf δ13 C, carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) contents of Hevea brasiliensis as well as the dominant species in jungle rubber and one rubber monoculture which is located at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Southwest Yunnan Province, China in March 2016(dry season) and May, June, July 2016(rainy season) to analyze the relationship between the competition for water and nutrients in jungle rubber. We have got some results from collecting plant samples, laboratory test and statistical analysis method. In dry season H. brasiliensis were affected by drought stress, and their water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of rainy season. And the water use efficiency of H. brasiliensis in jungle rubber was lower than that in rubber monoculture, while the leaf N, P contents and N/P values were higher than those in rubber monoculture. There was significant difference among water use efficiency, leaf C, N, P content and N/P value of different time and different species in two study sites. Correlation analysis showed that the water use efficiency was positively correlated with the content of N and P in leaves but negative correlated with N/P value and C content in leaves. All above the results indicated that H. brasiliensis in jungle rubber got higher tolerance toward seasonal drought stress and stronger ability of nutrient acquisition than that in rubber monoculture. This study revealed the effects of planting pattern on the water use efficiency and nutrient absorption of plants, and proved that jungle rubber was a promising sustainable rubber agroforestry ecosystem.
引文
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[20]檀文炳,王国安,韩家懋,刘敏,周力平,罗婷,曹子余,程树志.长白山不同功能群植物碳同位素及其对水分利用效率的指示[J].科学通报,2009,54(13):1912-1916.
[21]李机密,黄儒珠,王健,郑怀舟,黄玮.陆生植物水分利用效率[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1655-1663.
[22]Wu J E,Liu W J,Chen C F.How do plants share water sources in a rubber-tea agroforestry system during the pronounced dry season?[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2017,236:69-77.
[23]渠春梅,韩兴国,苏波,黄建辉,蒋高明.云南西双版纳片断化热带雨林植物叶片δ13C值的特点及其对水分利用效率的指示[J].植物学报,2001,43(2):186-192.
[24]孔令仑,林捷,黄志群,余再鹏,徐自坤,梁艺凡.武夷山不同海拔植物水分利用效率的变化及其与养分变化的关系[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2102-2110.
[25]?gren G I.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J].Ecology Letters,2010,7(3):185-191.
[26]颉洪涛,虞木奎,成向荣.光照强度变化对5种耐阴植物氮磷养分含量、分配以及限制状况的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(5):559-569.
[27]Shangguan Z P,Shao M A,Dyckmans J.Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency in winter wheat[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2000,44(2):141-149.
[28]Chen Y H,Han W X,Tang Z Y,Fang J Y.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of woody plants differ in responses to climate,soil and plant growth form[J].Ecography,2013,36(2):178-184.
[29]Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11001.
[30]张玉凤,蒋菊生.海南东部垦区部分农场橡胶树叶片营养元素含量分析[J].山东林业科技,2008,38(2):8-9.
[31]聂兰琴,吴琴,尧波,付姗,胡启武.鄱阳湖湿地优势植物叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1898-1906.
[32]周红艳,吴琴,陈明月,匡伟,常玲玲,胡启武.鄱阳湖沙山单叶蔓荆不同器官碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(4):461-470.
[33]Townsend A R,Cleveland C C,Asner G P,Bustamante M M C.Controls over foliar N∶P ratios in tropical rain forests[J].Ecology,2007,88(1):107-118.
[34]Evans J R.Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants[J].Oecologia,1989,78(1):9-19.
[35]Huang Z Q,Liu B,Davis M,Sardans J,Penuelas J,Billings S.Long-term nitrogen deposition linked to reduced water use efficiency in forests with low phosphorus availability[J].New Phytologist,2016,210(2):431-442.
[36]孔令仑,黄志群,何宗明,郑璐嘉,刘桌明,王民煌.不同林龄杉木人工林的水分利用效率与叶片养分浓度[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1069-1076.
[2]周广胜.全球生态学[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:22-49.
[3]Keenan R J,Reams G A,Achard F,Freitas J V D,Grainger A,Lindquist E.Dynamics of global forest area:Results from the FAO global forest resources assessment 2015[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2015,352:9-20.
[4]Li H M,Ma Y X,Liu W J,Liu W J.Clearance and fragmentation of tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna,SW,China[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2009,18(13):3421-3440.
[5]刘陈立,张军,李阳阳,陈玉龙,杨旭超.西双版纳橡胶林信息提取和时空格局扩张监测[J].福建林业科技,2017,44(2):43-50.
[6]Zhu X A,Liu W J,Chen H,Deng Y,Chen C F,Zeng H H.Effects of forest transition on litterfall,standing litter and related nutrient returns:Implications for forest management in tropical China[J].Geoderma,2019,333:123-134.
[7]Fox J M,Castella J C.Expansion of rubber(Hevea brasiliensis)in Mainland Southeast Asia:what are the prospects for smallholders?[J].The Journal of Peasant Studies,2013,40(1):155-170.
[8]Ahrends A,Hollingsworth P M,Ziegler A D,Fox J M,Chen H F,Su Y F,Xu J C.Current trends of rubber plantation expansion may threaten biodiversity and livelihoods[J].Global Environmental Change,2015,34:48-58.
[9]冯耀宗.人工群落[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2007.
[10]庞家平,陈明勇,唐建维,郭贤明,曾荣.橡胶-大叶千斤拔复合生态系统中的植物生长与土壤水分养分动态[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):433-441.
[11]Wu J E,Liu W J,Chen C F.Can intercropping with the world’s three major beverage plants help improve the water use of rubber trees?[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,53(6):1787-1799.
[12]Wu J E,Liu W J,Chen C F.Below-ground interspecific competition for water in a rubber agroforestry system may enhance water utilization in plants[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:19502.
[13]Zhu X A,Liu W J,Jiang X J,Wang P Y,Li W X.Effects of land-use changes on runoff and sediment yield:Implications for soil conservation and forest management in Xishuangbanna,Southwest China[J].Land Degradation&Development,2018,29(9):2962-2974.
[14]Jiang X J,Liu W J,Wu J E,Wang P Y,Liu C A,Yuan Z Q.Land degradation controlled and mitigated by rubber-based agroforestry systems through optimizing soil physical conditions and water supply mechanisms:A case study in Xishuangbanna,China[J].Land Degradation&Development,2017,28(7):2277-2289.
[15]Penot E.From shifting agriculture to sustainable complex rubber agroforestry systems(jungle rubber)in Indonesia:a history of innovation processes[M]/Babin D.Beyond Tropical Deforestation.Paris:UNESCO/CIRAD,2004:221-249.
[16]Gouyon A,Foresta H D,Levang P.Does‘jungle rubber’deserve its name?An analysis of rubber agroforestry systems in southeast Sumatra[J].Agroforestry Systems,1993,22(3):181-206.
[17]Farquhar G D,Ehleringer J R,Hubick K T.Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,1989,40(1):503-537.
[18]Feng X H.Trends in intrinsic water-use efficiency of natural trees for the past 100-200 years:a response to atmospheric CO2 concentration[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1999,63(13-14):1891-1903.
[19]张鑫生,闫飞,王宗玮,李华,金永梅.13C同位素判别技术在评价植物水分利用效率中的应用[J].吉林农业科学,2009,34(4):17-20.
[20]檀文炳,王国安,韩家懋,刘敏,周力平,罗婷,曹子余,程树志.长白山不同功能群植物碳同位素及其对水分利用效率的指示[J].科学通报,2009,54(13):1912-1916.
[21]李机密,黄儒珠,王健,郑怀舟,黄玮.陆生植物水分利用效率[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1655-1663.
[22]Wu J E,Liu W J,Chen C F.How do plants share water sources in a rubber-tea agroforestry system during the pronounced dry season?[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2017,236:69-77.
[23]渠春梅,韩兴国,苏波,黄建辉,蒋高明.云南西双版纳片断化热带雨林植物叶片δ13C值的特点及其对水分利用效率的指示[J].植物学报,2001,43(2):186-192.
[24]孔令仑,林捷,黄志群,余再鹏,徐自坤,梁艺凡.武夷山不同海拔植物水分利用效率的变化及其与养分变化的关系[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2102-2110.
[25]?gren G I.The C∶N∶P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations[J].Ecology Letters,2010,7(3):185-191.
[26]颉洪涛,虞木奎,成向荣.光照强度变化对5种耐阴植物氮磷养分含量、分配以及限制状况的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(5):559-569.
[27]Shangguan Z P,Shao M A,Dyckmans J.Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency in winter wheat[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2000,44(2):141-149.
[28]Chen Y H,Han W X,Tang Z Y,Fang J Y.Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of woody plants differ in responses to climate,soil and plant growth form[J].Ecography,2013,36(2):178-184.
[29]Reich P B,Oleksyn J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11001.
[30]张玉凤,蒋菊生.海南东部垦区部分农场橡胶树叶片营养元素含量分析[J].山东林业科技,2008,38(2):8-9.
[31]聂兰琴,吴琴,尧波,付姗,胡启武.鄱阳湖湿地优势植物叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1898-1906.
[32]周红艳,吴琴,陈明月,匡伟,常玲玲,胡启武.鄱阳湖沙山单叶蔓荆不同器官碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(4):461-470.
[33]Townsend A R,Cleveland C C,Asner G P,Bustamante M M C.Controls over foliar N∶P ratios in tropical rain forests[J].Ecology,2007,88(1):107-118.
[34]Evans J R.Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants[J].Oecologia,1989,78(1):9-19.
[35]Huang Z Q,Liu B,Davis M,Sardans J,Penuelas J,Billings S.Long-term nitrogen deposition linked to reduced water use efficiency in forests with low phosphorus availability[J].New Phytologist,2016,210(2):431-442.
[36]孔令仑,黄志群,何宗明,郑璐嘉,刘桌明,王民煌.不同林龄杉木人工林的水分利用效率与叶片养分浓度[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1069-1076.