古气候及其对碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制作用
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摘要
利用孢粉法、古气候指数法、元素纵向变化分析法、元素比值法等方法对20口井300余块样品进行了分析,研究了沙四段古气候特征,在此基础上分析古气候对滩坝沉积的控制作用。沙四段对应于喜热植物和喜温植物均较发育的温热适中的温度环境,也对应于湿生植物和旱生植物均较发育的中等略偏潮湿的湿度环境。下部温度较低、相对较干旱,上部温度偏高、偏潮湿。滩坝发育于较干旱的温热适中的气候环境,较干燥的环境使蒸发作用较大,有利于化学岩的形成和碳酸盐岩滩坝的发育。同时,适宜的气候条件使腹足类和介形类古生物大量发育,有利于形成生物湖相碳酸盐岩。
Using the cryptogam method,index method of palaeoclimate,element vertical alteration analysis method,element ratio method etc,we analyzed more than 300 examples in 20 wells and made a study of the palaeoclimate feature in Es4 sedimentation phase,and its influence on the development of carbonate beach and bar. The Es4 sedimentation phase corresponds to the temperate environment where both the philotherm and therophyte develops well. It also corresponds to the moisture environment where both the hydrophyte and xerophyte develops well. The lower part is of relatively low temperature and is relatively dry while the upper part is of relatively high temperature and is relatively damp. The carbonate beach and bar developing in the relatively arid area with moderate moisture since the relatively arid environment makes the evaporation stronger and is favorable for the chemical rock formation and carbonate beach and bar development. On the other hand,the suitable climate condition makes the palaeophyte gastropod and ostracodan develop in large quantity and is favorable for forming the biology carbonate rock in lake facies.
Using the cryptogam method,index method of palaeoclimate,element vertical alteration analysis method,element ratio method etc,we analyzed more than 300 examples in 20 wells and made a study of the palaeoclimate feature in Es4 sedimentation phase,and its influence on the development of carbonate beach and bar. The Es4 sedimentation phase corresponds to the temperate environment where both the philotherm and therophyte develops well. It also corresponds to the moisture environment where both the hydrophyte and xerophyte develops well. The lower part is of relatively low temperature and is relatively dry while the upper part is of relatively high temperature and is relatively damp. The carbonate beach and bar developing in the relatively arid area with moderate moisture since the relatively arid environment makes the evaporation stronger and is favorable for the chemical rock formation and carbonate beach and bar development. On the other hand,the suitable climate condition makes the palaeophyte gastropod and ostracodan develop in large quantity and is favorable for forming the biology carbonate rock in lake facies.
引文
[1]石油化学工业部石油勘探开发规划研究院.渤海沿岸地区早第三纪孢粉[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
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[13]徐兆辉,胡素云,汪泽成,等.古气候恢复及其对沉积的控制作用以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].沉积学报,2011,29(2):235–244.Xu Zhaohui,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,et al.Restoration of paleoclimate and its geological significance:As an example from upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2011,29(2):235–244.
[14]王全伟,阚泽忠,刘啸虎,等.四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征[J].四川地质学报,2008,28(2):89–95.Wang Quanwei,Kan Zezhong,Liu Xiaohu,et al.The mesozoic sporopollen assemblage in the Sichuan Basin and its significance to paleovegetation and paleoclimate[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2008,28(2):89–95.
[15]齐永安,刘保民,崔建国.米兰柯维奇旋回及沉积作用[J].焦作工学院学报,1998,17(5):331–335.Qi Yongan,Liu Baomin,Cui Jianguo.Milankovitch cycle and sedimentation[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology,1998,17(5):331–335.
[16]邱桂强,刘军愕,帅萍.米氏旋回基本原理及其在陆相湖盆分析中的应用前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(5):5–9.Qiu Guiqiang,Liu June,Shuai Ping.Basic principle of Milankovitch cycle and it’s prospect in terrigenous lake basin analysis[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2001,8(5):5–9.
[17]王起琮.天文周期与地层基准面旋回及其识别技术[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(4):24–30.Wang Qicong.Astronomical periods and stratigraphic base-level cycles and its identification technology[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2009,31(4):24–30.
[18]王冠民.古气候变化对湖相高频旋回泥岩和页岩的沉积控制以济阳坳陷古近系为例[D].北京:中国科学院,2005:60–66.
[19]王延章,宋国奇,王新征,等.古地貌对不同类型碳酸盐岩滩坝沉积的控制作用以东营凹陷东部南坡地区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):13–16.Wang Yanzhang,Song Guoqi,Wang Xinzheng,et al.Controlling effect of Palcogeomorphology on deposition of beach and bar sand reservoir Case study of south slope,east Dongying Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(4):13–16.
[2]叶得泉,钟筱春,姚益民,等.中国油气区第三系(I):总论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[3]宋国奇,王延章,石小虎,等.东营沙四段古盐度对碳酸盐岩沉积的控制作用[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(2):8–14.Song Guoqi,Wang Yanzhang,Shi Xiaohu,et al.Palaeosalinity and its controlling on the development of beach and bar in lake facies[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2013,35(2):8–14.
[4]王延章.古水深对碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制作用[J].大庆地质与开发,2011,23(6):27–31.Wang Yanzhang.Controlling action of palaeo water depth on the development of carbonate beach and bar[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2011,23(6):27–31.
[5]李守军,王明镇,郑德顺,等.山东济阳坳陷古近纪的气候恢复[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2003,22(3):6–9.Li Shoujun,Wang Mingzhen,Zheng Deshun,et al.Recovery of climate of palaeogene in Jiyang Depression of Shandong[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2003,22(3):6–9.
[6]卫平生,姚清洲,吴时国.银根—额济纳旗盆地白垩纪地层、古生物群和古环境研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,20(2):17–21.Wei Pingsheng,Yao Qingzhou,Wu Shiguo.Study on cretaceousstratum,palaeobiotaandpalaeoclimateofYingenEjinaqi Basin[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2005,20(2):17–21.
[7]董宁,杨平,袁秀君,等.柴达木盆地察尔汗地区第四纪古生物组合与沉积环境[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(1):57–60.Dong Ning,Yang Ping,Yuan Xiujun,et al.Palaeontologic assemblage and sedimentary environment of quaternary in Chaerhan Area of Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(1):57–60.
[8]袭著纲,国景星,赵晓颖.冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷中北部古近纪沙河街组古生态分析[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(4):358–363.XiZhugang,GuoJingxing,ZhaoXiaoying.PalaeocologicalanalysisofpaleogeneShahejieFormationinnorthcentral Raoyang Sag of central Hebei[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2011,33(4):358–363.
[9]吴伟.利用孢粉信息反演辽东湾古近纪气候变化[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(6):11–15.Wu Wei.Inverse palaeoclimate of paleogene in Liaodong Bay Depression by using palynological data[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2010,32(6):11–15.
[10]时志强,张华,曾德勇,等.龙门山前缘上三叠统卡尼阶特征及其古环境、古气候意义[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(4):424–431.Shi Zhiqiang,Zhang Hua,Zeng Deyong,et al.Characters of Carnian in the frontal area of Mt.Longmenshan:Implications for palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2010,37(4):424–431.
[11]杨平,胡勇.柴达木盆地石炭纪古生态与沉积环境[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):280–284.Yang Ping,Hu Yong.Paleoecology and sedimentary environment of carboniferous in Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(3):280–284.
[12]朱宗浩,范乃敏,罗华仪.胜利油区第三纪气候[J].山东地质,2000,16(1):22–28.Zhu Zonghao,Fan Naimin,Luo Huayi.Climate of Shengli Oilfield in Tertiary[J].Shandong Geology,2000,16(1):22–28.
[13]徐兆辉,胡素云,汪泽成,等.古气候恢复及其对沉积的控制作用以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].沉积学报,2011,29(2):235–244.Xu Zhaohui,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,et al.Restoration of paleoclimate and its geological significance:As an example from upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2011,29(2):235–244.
[14]王全伟,阚泽忠,刘啸虎,等.四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征[J].四川地质学报,2008,28(2):89–95.Wang Quanwei,Kan Zezhong,Liu Xiaohu,et al.The mesozoic sporopollen assemblage in the Sichuan Basin and its significance to paleovegetation and paleoclimate[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2008,28(2):89–95.
[15]齐永安,刘保民,崔建国.米兰柯维奇旋回及沉积作用[J].焦作工学院学报,1998,17(5):331–335.Qi Yongan,Liu Baomin,Cui Jianguo.Milankovitch cycle and sedimentation[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology,1998,17(5):331–335.
[16]邱桂强,刘军愕,帅萍.米氏旋回基本原理及其在陆相湖盆分析中的应用前景[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(5):5–9.Qiu Guiqiang,Liu June,Shuai Ping.Basic principle of Milankovitch cycle and it’s prospect in terrigenous lake basin analysis[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2001,8(5):5–9.
[17]王起琮.天文周期与地层基准面旋回及其识别技术[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(4):24–30.Wang Qicong.Astronomical periods and stratigraphic base-level cycles and its identification technology[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2009,31(4):24–30.
[18]王冠民.古气候变化对湖相高频旋回泥岩和页岩的沉积控制以济阳坳陷古近系为例[D].北京:中国科学院,2005:60–66.
[19]王延章,宋国奇,王新征,等.古地貌对不同类型碳酸盐岩滩坝沉积的控制作用以东营凹陷东部南坡地区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):13–16.Wang Yanzhang,Song Guoqi,Wang Xinzheng,et al.Controlling effect of Palcogeomorphology on deposition of beach and bar sand reservoir Case study of south slope,east Dongying Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(4):13–16.