水肥一体化灌溉施肥机吸肥性能试验研究
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摘要
为满足灌溉施肥和多营养调配的需求,设计了一款简易型3通道施肥机。通过试验的方法,研究不同灌溉主管进口压力、流量和吸肥通道开启个数对吸肥量的影响规律,以及施肥水泵的水力规律。结果表明:主管进口压力、吸肥通道开启个数对吸肥量有影响,主管进口流量对吸肥量无影响。3个吸肥通道全部开启时,随主管进口压力的增大,总吸肥量逐渐减小;开启1个或2个吸肥通道时,总吸肥量在一定压力范围内基本保持不变,随后逐渐减小。建立了总吸肥量与主管进口压力、吸肥通道开启个数的回归模型,可用于吸肥量估算。水泵效率随主管进口压力的增大而增大,当3个吸肥通道全部开启时施肥水泵效率最高。所揭示的施肥机的吸肥规律及施肥水泵的水力规律,可为施肥水泵的选型设计提供参考。
In order to meet the needs of fertigation and multi-nutrition allocation,this paper designed a simple 3-channel fertilizer applicator. By means of experiment,the influence law of inlet pressure,flow rate and opening number of fertilizer suction channels on the amount of fertilizer absorption was studied,as well as the hydraulic law of the fertilizer pump. The results show that the main pipe inlet pressure and the number of fertilizer suction channels have effects on the amount of fertilizer absorption,while the main pipe inlet flow has no effect on the amount of fertilizer absorption. When all three fertilizer absorption channels are opened,the total amount of fertilizer absorption decreases with the increase of inlet pressure of main pipe. When one or two fertilizer absorption channels are opened,the total amount of fertilizer absorption remains basically unchanged within a certain pressure range,and then gradually decreases. The regression model of total fertilizer absorption,inlet pressure of main pipe and opening number of fertilizer absorption channels was established and could be used for fertilizer absorption calculation. The efficiency of pump increases with the increase of inlet pressure of main pipe and reaches the highest when all the three fertilizer absorption channels are opened. The law of absorbing fertilizer and the law of hydraulic power of fertilizer pump,which are explored in this paper,can provide reference for the selection and design of fertilizer pump.
In order to meet the needs of fertigation and multi-nutrition allocation,this paper designed a simple 3-channel fertilizer applicator. By means of experiment,the influence law of inlet pressure,flow rate and opening number of fertilizer suction channels on the amount of fertilizer absorption was studied,as well as the hydraulic law of the fertilizer pump. The results show that the main pipe inlet pressure and the number of fertilizer suction channels have effects on the amount of fertilizer absorption,while the main pipe inlet flow has no effect on the amount of fertilizer absorption. When all three fertilizer absorption channels are opened,the total amount of fertilizer absorption decreases with the increase of inlet pressure of main pipe. When one or two fertilizer absorption channels are opened,the total amount of fertilizer absorption remains basically unchanged within a certain pressure range,and then gradually decreases. The regression model of total fertilizer absorption,inlet pressure of main pipe and opening number of fertilizer absorption channels was established and could be used for fertilizer absorption calculation. The efficiency of pump increases with the increase of inlet pressure of main pipe and reaches the highest when all the three fertilizer absorption channels are opened. The law of absorbing fertilizer and the law of hydraulic power of fertilizer pump,which are explored in this paper,can provide reference for the selection and design of fertilizer pump.
引文
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[21]金锦源,郑华. 2种自动化灌溉施肥机混肥系统的比较[J].现代园艺,2015(24):228-229.
[22]把多铎,马太玲.水泵及水泵站[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[2]易文裕,程方平,熊昌国,等.农业水肥一体化的发展现状与对策分析[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(10):111-115,120.
[3]白由路.国内外施肥机械的发展概况及需求分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(3):1-4.
[4]宋金龙.水肥一体化通用控制设备研发[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[5]吴松,杨春园,杨仁全,等.智能施肥机系统的设计与实现[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2008(5):445-448.
[6]周舟,王秀,马伟,等.移动式温室精准施肥机的研制[J].农机化研究,2009,31(12):86-88,99.
[7]周舟,傅泽田,王秀,等.滴灌施肥机灌水与施肥均匀性试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):7-13.
[8]左志宇. WGF-6-12型温室自动灌溉施肥机的研制[C]∥中国农业工程学会(CSAE).中国农业工程学会2011年学术年会论文集.中国农业工程学会(CSAE),2011:4.
[9]姚舟华,魏新华,左志宇,等.自动灌溉施肥机工作状态监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2012,43:44-47.
[10]韩丽娜,汪小禙.基于Penman-Monteith方程的温室智能滴灌控制系统研究[J].中国蔬菜,2012(18):85-88.
[11]狄娇,汪小禙,孙国祥,等.温室轻简式灌溉施肥机的设计[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(5):222-227,234.
[12]李坚,刘云骥,王丹丹,等.日光温室小型水肥一体灌溉机设计及其控制模型的建立[J].节水灌溉,2017(4):87-91.
[13]李坚.基于管道式混合的日光温室小型灌溉机研制及在番茄上的应用效果[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[14]刘永华,沈明霞,蒋小平,等.水肥一体化灌溉施肥机吸肥器结构优化与性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):76-81,48.
[15]刘永华,俞卫东,沈明霞,等.精准灌溉施肥自动控制系统的研发[J].节水灌溉,2014(12):80-83.
[16]刘永华.温室精准灌溉施肥系统关键技术研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[17]俞卫东,刘永华,孔德志,等.基于PLC的智能灌溉施肥机的研制[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):177-179.
[18]牛寅.设施农业精准水肥管理系统及其智能装备技术的研究[D].上海:上海大学,2016.
[19]牛寅,张侃谕.基于云模型推理的施肥机营养液p H值调节过程控制[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):57-64,72.
[20]孙国祥.基于多信息融合的温室黄瓜肥水一体化灌溉系统研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.
[21]金锦源,郑华. 2种自动化灌溉施肥机混肥系统的比较[J].现代园艺,2015(24):228-229.
[22]把多铎,马太玲.水泵及水泵站[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.