黑龙江省甜菜种植技术及影响因素调查分析
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摘要
黑龙江省是我国甜菜制糖产业的发源地,种植甜菜已有100多年的历史。调查发现甜菜种植户希望获得的甜菜生产技术依次为甜菜品种、植保技术、农业机械化技术和测土施肥技术等,此外轮作倒茬技术也受到甜菜种植户的普遍重视,甜菜种植技术获得途径主要依靠糖厂技术人员。甜菜种植户普遍希望能够获得甜菜种植补贴、甜菜机械购置补贴、甜菜灌溉补贴。影响农民种植甜菜的因素按重要程度依次为甜菜收购价格及人工、土地、生产资料、农机作业等生产成本,当甜菜价格低于500元/t时,有超过一半的农民就会放弃种植。其他作物种植收益对农民种植甜菜的决策也有很大影响,如果其他作物补贴增加,许多甜菜种植户就会放弃甜菜,而选择种植其他作物。农民种植甜菜的关键是收益,增加甜菜的比较优势是长远之计。
Heilongjiang province is the birthplace of sugar beet industry in China, and sugar beet has been planted for more than 100 years. It was found that the sugar beet production techniques the sugar beet growers hoped to acquire were varieties, plant protection technology, agricultural mechanization technology and soil testing and fertilization application technology; and rotation cropping technology was also paid widely attention by sugar beet growers. The way to obtain sugar beet planting technology mainly depended on sugar factory technicians. Sugar beet growers generally hope to receive subsidy for sugar beet cultivation, purchase subsidy for sugar beet machines and irrigation subsidy for sugar beet from government. The factors affecting farmers' sugar beet planting were the purchase price of beet and production costs of labor, farmland, agricultural production means and agricultural machines operation in order of importance. When the purchase price of sugar beet was less than 500 yuan/t, more than half of the farmers would give up sugar beet planting. Income from other crops was also a great impact on farmers' decision-making to grow sugar beet. If subsidies for other crops increase, many sugar beet growers will abandon sugar beet and choose to grow other crops. The key for farmers to grow sugar beet is income, so increasing the comparative advantage of sugar beet is a long-term strategy.
Heilongjiang province is the birthplace of sugar beet industry in China, and sugar beet has been planted for more than 100 years. It was found that the sugar beet production techniques the sugar beet growers hoped to acquire were varieties, plant protection technology, agricultural mechanization technology and soil testing and fertilization application technology; and rotation cropping technology was also paid widely attention by sugar beet growers. The way to obtain sugar beet planting technology mainly depended on sugar factory technicians. Sugar beet growers generally hope to receive subsidy for sugar beet cultivation, purchase subsidy for sugar beet machines and irrigation subsidy for sugar beet from government. The factors affecting farmers' sugar beet planting were the purchase price of beet and production costs of labor, farmland, agricultural production means and agricultural machines operation in order of importance. When the purchase price of sugar beet was less than 500 yuan/t, more than half of the farmers would give up sugar beet planting. Income from other crops was also a great impact on farmers' decision-making to grow sugar beet. If subsidies for other crops increase, many sugar beet growers will abandon sugar beet and choose to grow other crops. The key for farmers to grow sugar beet is income, so increasing the comparative advantage of sugar beet is a long-term strategy.
引文
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[2]侯显奇.黑龙江省甜菜发展史概况[J].中国农业信息,2009(7):35-36.
[3]洛铁男,杨继春,魏海涛,等.黑龙江制糖工业的现状与发展[J].中国甜菜糖业,2005(1):23-26.
[4]王云龙.黑龙江省甜菜糖产业问题与建议[J].中国糖料,2015,37(3):70-71,74.
[5]柏章才,张文彬,卢秉福.中国制糖产业转型升级主要影响因素分析[J].中国糖料,2018,40(5):62-65.
[6]刘晓雪,孙恒,白晨.我国糖料产业现状与发展趋势分析[J].中国农垦,2018(7):41-44.
[7]吴则东,王荣华,张文彬.新时期甜菜糖业面临的机遇、挑战及发展策略[J].中国糖料,2017,39(4):71-73.
[8]闫斌杰,何新春,赵丽梅,等.甜菜稳产提糖栽培技术研究与应用[J].中国糖料,2019,41(1):41-46.
[9]卢秉福,孙士明,韩宏宇,等.甜菜生产机械化[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学出版社,2015.
[10]卢秉福,韩卫平,祁勇.比较视角下的甜菜种植效益[J].中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(4):72-75.
[11]李晓威,周艳丽.2018/2019榨季内蒙甜菜糖业调研报告--内蒙将成为我国最大的甜菜糖主产区[J].中国糖料,2018,40(6):58-61.
[12]刘晓雪,黄晴晴.2017年中国食糖进口形势及2018年展望[J].中国糖料,2018,40(3):46-51.
[13]李晓威,张文彬.2017/2018榨季内蒙甜菜糖业调研报告(一)[J].中国糖料,2018,40(3):52-55.
[14]张跃彬.我国蔗糖产业安全问题与发展对策[J].中国糖料,2019,41(1):66-68.
[15]刘晓雪,王新超,等.未来十年全球供需格局下2017/2018榨季我国食糖消费形势分析与展望[J].中国糖料,2019,41(1):60-65.
[16]刘晓雪,陈拥军,田冰.我国食糖消费现状与甘蔗糖消费替代趋势分析[J].广西糖业,2018,99(2):42-46.
[17]刘晓雪,白宗航,王沈南.糖业目标价格政策的国际经验及对我国的启示[J].中国糖料,2018,40(5):56-61.