黄河河南段非漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状调查
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摘要
为了掌握黄河河南段鱼类产卵场的分布现状,2013-2015年的每年3-7月,采用卫星GPS定位,实地走访渔民,采集鱼卵和仔稚鱼,捕获并解剖分析繁殖亲鱼,同步进行理化因子测定和环境指标监测。结果表明,黄河河南段鱼类规模产卵场共有30处,主要分布在河边浅滩、河流消落区和河心岛等水生生物资源丰富、适合非漂流性卵鱼类产卵孵化的水域。监测调查270d,采集主要鱼类标本1 156尾,各产卵场的鱼类优势种组成差异明显。产卵经济鱼类有鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲶(Silurus asotus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)共计7种。黄河南段主要经济鱼类产卵场的分布位置及范围规模存在明显的地域差异。为保护黄河南段经济鱼类及其产卵场,提出了具体的保护措施。
In recent years,pollution,hydropower projects and over-fishing have stressed the Yellow River fish community.In this study,we carried out a series of on-the-spot investigations of the distribution of fish and spawning ground habitat at different site in the Henan Section of the Yellow River.The objectives were to better understand the current condition of fish spawning grounds in the Yellow River and provide scientific evidence for fish resource conservation and sustainable development of the Yellow River.The investigation was carried out at six consecutive sections from March to July of each year from 2013 to 2015 and by GPS satellite positioning,field surveys of fishermen,egg and larva collection and anatomical analysis of wild parent fish.Water quality parameters were also measured,including water temperature,depth,transparency,pH,DO and NH3-N.There were 30 fish spawning grounds observed in the Henan Section of the Yellow River,primarily distributed in river shoals,the river drawdown area and river islets,where aquatic organisms were rich and it was suitable for fish with adhesive eggs to lay eggs.The investigation lasted 270 days and a total of 1,156 fish specimens were collected.The dominant species at each spawning site were significantly different,where dominant species was defined as the index of relative importance above 100.Seven important economic fish species were observed in the spawning grounds:carp(Cyprinuscarpio),crucian carp(Carassius auratus),catfish(Silurus asotus),bream(Parabramis pekinensis),loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus),yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Squaliobarbus curriculus).There were obvious regional differences in the spawning ground distribution of different fish species.Based on the results,we were able to establish a dynamic database for fish spawning grounds in the Henan section of Yellow River and recommend specific protection measures,based spawning ground status.
In recent years,pollution,hydropower projects and over-fishing have stressed the Yellow River fish community.In this study,we carried out a series of on-the-spot investigations of the distribution of fish and spawning ground habitat at different site in the Henan Section of the Yellow River.The objectives were to better understand the current condition of fish spawning grounds in the Yellow River and provide scientific evidence for fish resource conservation and sustainable development of the Yellow River.The investigation was carried out at six consecutive sections from March to July of each year from 2013 to 2015 and by GPS satellite positioning,field surveys of fishermen,egg and larva collection and anatomical analysis of wild parent fish.Water quality parameters were also measured,including water temperature,depth,transparency,pH,DO and NH3-N.There were 30 fish spawning grounds observed in the Henan Section of the Yellow River,primarily distributed in river shoals,the river drawdown area and river islets,where aquatic organisms were rich and it was suitable for fish with adhesive eggs to lay eggs.The investigation lasted 270 days and a total of 1,156 fish specimens were collected.The dominant species at each spawning site were significantly different,where dominant species was defined as the index of relative importance above 100.Seven important economic fish species were observed in the spawning grounds:carp(Cyprinuscarpio),crucian carp(Carassius auratus),catfish(Silurus asotus),bream(Parabramis pekinensis),loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus),yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and Squaliobarbus curriculus).There were obvious regional differences in the spawning ground distribution of different fish species.Based on the results,we were able to establish a dynamic database for fish spawning grounds in the Henan section of Yellow River and recommend specific protection measures,based spawning ground status.
引文
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曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.2007.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.
段辛斌,陈大庆,李志华,等,2008.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状[J].中国水产科学,15(4):523-531.
郭乔羽,杨志峰,2005.三门峡水利枢纽工程生态影响后评价[J].环境科学学报,25(5):580-585.
韩太国,熊元超,孙晓辉,等,2013.黄河小浪底工程对水生生物资源的影响及对资源养护工作的思考[J].中国水产,(6):28-29.
李万宝,2014.建阳市崇阳溪主要经济鱼类产卵场调查[J].中国水产,(3):69-70.
刘兰芬,2002.河流水电开发的环境效益及主要环境问题研究[J].水利学报,(8):121-128.
吕彬彬,2012.黄河干流小浪底至垦利段鱼类群落结构和物种多样性研究[D].西安:西北大学.
曲修杰,2009.黄河玛曲段水产种质资源保护区的调查研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院.
王绿洲,杨元昊,杨娟宁,等,2011.黄河壶口-三门峡段经济鱼类产卵场环境监测与保护[J].中国渔业经济,29(4):93-96.
王念民,孙大江,曲秋芝,等,2007.温度对鱼类性别分化和性别决定的影响[J].水产学杂志,20(2):91-93.
王益昌,沈红保,张军燕,等,2017.黄河陕西段鱼类产卵场、索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道调查[J].科学养鱼,(2):29-31.
杨雪冰,焦宇卉,夏杰,等,2011.伊洛河黄河鲤天然产卵场渔业水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,32(4):42-45.
易伯鲁,梁秩燊,1964.长江家鱼产卵场的自然条件和促使产卵的主要外界因素[J].水生生物学集刊,5(1):1-15.
易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等,1988.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社:47-68.
余志堂,邓中粦,许蕴轩,等,1988.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流四大家鱼产卵场的现状及工程对家鱼繁殖影响的评价[A].易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社:47-68.
张觉民,何志辉,1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社.
张培军,1999.海水鱼类繁殖发育和养殖生物学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社:207.
张文鸽,2008.黄河干流水生态系统健康指标体系研究[D].西安:西安理工大学:67-75.
赵瑞亮,朱国清,胡振平,等,2014.黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及其产卵场、索饵场和越冬场分布的调查[J].水产学杂志,(3):6-11.
朱邦科谢从新阳会军,等,1998.保安湖主要经济鱼类产卵场调查[J].水利渔业,18(4):6-8.
朱国清,赵瑞亮,胡振平,等,2012.小浪底水库调水调沙对黄河中游鱼类及生态敏感区的影响[J].水生态学杂志,33(5):7-12.
朱文锦,介子林,胡亚东,等,2014.黄河流域鱼类增殖措施实验研究[J].中国水产,(4):73-75.
朱瑶,2005.大坝对鱼类栖息地的影响及评价方法述评[J].中国水利水电科学研究院院报,3(2):100-103.
Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K,1971.Food habits of albacore,Bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,152:1-105.
曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.2007.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.
段辛斌,陈大庆,李志华,等,2008.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状[J].中国水产科学,15(4):523-531.
郭乔羽,杨志峰,2005.三门峡水利枢纽工程生态影响后评价[J].环境科学学报,25(5):580-585.
韩太国,熊元超,孙晓辉,等,2013.黄河小浪底工程对水生生物资源的影响及对资源养护工作的思考[J].中国水产,(6):28-29.
李万宝,2014.建阳市崇阳溪主要经济鱼类产卵场调查[J].中国水产,(3):69-70.
刘兰芬,2002.河流水电开发的环境效益及主要环境问题研究[J].水利学报,(8):121-128.
吕彬彬,2012.黄河干流小浪底至垦利段鱼类群落结构和物种多样性研究[D].西安:西北大学.
曲修杰,2009.黄河玛曲段水产种质资源保护区的调查研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院.
王绿洲,杨元昊,杨娟宁,等,2011.黄河壶口-三门峡段经济鱼类产卵场环境监测与保护[J].中国渔业经济,29(4):93-96.
王念民,孙大江,曲秋芝,等,2007.温度对鱼类性别分化和性别决定的影响[J].水产学杂志,20(2):91-93.
王益昌,沈红保,张军燕,等,2017.黄河陕西段鱼类产卵场、索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道调查[J].科学养鱼,(2):29-31.
杨雪冰,焦宇卉,夏杰,等,2011.伊洛河黄河鲤天然产卵场渔业水质评价[J].水生态学杂志,32(4):42-45.
易伯鲁,梁秩燊,1964.长江家鱼产卵场的自然条件和促使产卵的主要外界因素[J].水生生物学集刊,5(1):1-15.
易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等,1988.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社:47-68.
余志堂,邓中粦,许蕴轩,等,1988.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流四大家鱼产卵场的现状及工程对家鱼繁殖影响的评价[A].易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社:47-68.
张觉民,何志辉,1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社.
张培军,1999.海水鱼类繁殖发育和养殖生物学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社:207.
张文鸽,2008.黄河干流水生态系统健康指标体系研究[D].西安:西安理工大学:67-75.
赵瑞亮,朱国清,胡振平,等,2014.黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及其产卵场、索饵场和越冬场分布的调查[J].水产学杂志,(3):6-11.
朱邦科谢从新阳会军,等,1998.保安湖主要经济鱼类产卵场调查[J].水利渔业,18(4):6-8.
朱国清,赵瑞亮,胡振平,等,2012.小浪底水库调水调沙对黄河中游鱼类及生态敏感区的影响[J].水生态学杂志,33(5):7-12.
朱文锦,介子林,胡亚东,等,2014.黄河流域鱼类增殖措施实验研究[J].中国水产,(4):73-75.
朱瑶,2005.大坝对鱼类栖息地的影响及评价方法述评[J].中国水利水电科学研究院院报,3(2):100-103.
Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K,1971.Food habits of albacore,Bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fishery Bulletin,152:1-105.