硬质合金拉丝模孔型结构
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摘要
孔型结构是影响硬质合金拉丝模质量的决定性因素之一。认识和改进孔型结构是硬质合金拉丝模研究的重要方向。本文介绍了国内外硬质合金拉丝模孔型结构的研究发展状况,介绍了直线型模与弧线型模的特点,分析比较了拉丝模不同孔型结构的优缺点。通过以下方法可以有效地提高拉丝模的使用寿命和稳定性:加长润滑区、工作区长度,选择合适的模孔半角和定径区长度。为了对孔型进行必要的改进和修复,高精度的测量手段必不可少。随着拉丝生产拉拔设备技术和工艺的提升,以及被拉拔材料高强高韧,设计优化拉丝模孔型结构有利于提高线材拉制质量和模具使用寿命。
The pass structure is one of the decisive factors affecting the quality of carbide wire drawing die. To understand and improve the pass structure is the important research direction of cemented carbide wire drawing die. The domestic and international research and development status of wire drawing die was introduced in this paper. The characteristics of rectilinear and curvilinear pass wire drawing dies are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are elaborated and compared. The use life and stability of drawing die can be effectively improved by such methods as:lengthening the length of lubrication area and working area, selecting the appropriate half angle of working area and the length of bearing zone. In order to carry out necessary improvement and repair of the pass structure, high-precision measurement means are indispensable.With the improvement of the drawing equipment and technology, and the high strength and high toughness of the drawn material, the optimized design of the pass structure of drawing die is beneficial to the wire drawing quality and mold life.
The pass structure is one of the decisive factors affecting the quality of carbide wire drawing die. To understand and improve the pass structure is the important research direction of cemented carbide wire drawing die. The domestic and international research and development status of wire drawing die was introduced in this paper. The characteristics of rectilinear and curvilinear pass wire drawing dies are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are elaborated and compared. The use life and stability of drawing die can be effectively improved by such methods as:lengthening the length of lubrication area and working area, selecting the appropriate half angle of working area and the length of bearing zone. In order to carry out necessary improvement and repair of the pass structure, high-precision measurement means are indispensable.With the improvement of the drawing equipment and technology, and the high strength and high toughness of the drawn material, the optimized design of the pass structure of drawing die is beneficial to the wire drawing quality and mold life.
引文
[1]方琦.国内外硬质合金拉丝模的发展情况[J].硬质合金,1994,(1):57-63.Fang Qi.Development of hard alloy wire drawing die at home and abroad[J].Cemented Carbide,1994,(1):57-63.
[2]王世可.硬质合金拉丝模[J].模具技术,1993,(2):66-71.Wang Shike.Carbide wire drawing die[J].Die and Mould Technology,1993,(2):66-71.
[3]叶景风,刘宁,殷卫海,等.提高硬质合金拉丝模性能的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2005,22(3):183-188.Ye Jingfeng,Liu Ning,Yin Weihai,et al.Development of the Improvement upon cemented carbide drawing die[J].Cemented Carbide,2005,22(3):183-188.
[4]孙金茂,张建家.拉丝模现状,发展趋势及国外修模设备综述[J].上海金属,1991,(3):23-26.Sun Jinmao,Zhang Jianjia.A review on current status df drawing dies,their development tendency and reconditioning equipment abroad[J].Shanghai Metals,1991,(3):23-26.
[5]Zhu W,Liu Y.Improvement of the structure properties for special steel wire by cold-rolling technique[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1995,48(1-4):469-474.
[6]肖东平.拉丝模的最佳孔型结构及加工方式[J].金属制品,2003,29(1):44-46.Xiao Dongping.Optimum pass structure and machining mode of wire drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,2003,29(1):44-46.
[7]任润清.对拉丝模孔型主要参数的优化分析[J].天津冶金,1995,(4):10-13.Ren Runqing.The main parameters to optimize the drawing die hole pattern analysis[J].Tianjin Metallurgy,1995,(4):10-13.
[8]苏瑛琦.德国高速拉丝模之研究[J].金属制品,1994,(5):28-31.Su Yingqi.The researeh on high speed drawing die in Germany[J].Steel Wire Products,1994,(5):28-31.
[9]曹清.拉丝模孔型对其磨损的影响[J].金属制品,1996,22(4):38-41.Cao Qing.The effect of drawing die pass on wear[J].Steel Wire Products,1996,22(4):38-41.
[10]杨学锋,邓建新.拉丝模材质与结构的发展[J].工具技术,2004,38(8):64-69.Yang Xuefeng,Deng Jianxin.Study on development of materials and structures of wire drawing dies[J].Tool Engineering,2004,38(8):64-69.
[11]阚玉珍.提高拉丝模寿命的探讨[J].金属制品,1997,23(4):50-54.Kan Yuzhen.Make an approach to raising the life time of drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,1997,23(4):50-54.
[12]魏志远.拉丝模具消耗的改善[J].金属制品,2017,43(4):20-22.Wei Zhiyuan.Improvement of wire drawing dies consumption[J].Steel Wire Products,2017,43(4):20-22.
[13]王小刚,贺孝宇,李伟.φ3.2 mm高强度镀锌制绳钢丝生产工艺研究[J].金属制品,2017,43(2):7-9.Wang Xiaogang,He Xiaoyu,Li Wei.Production technology research of diameter 3.2 mm high strength galvanized steel wire for rope[J].Steel Wire Products,2017,43(2):7-9.
[14]赵志明.热镀锌钢丝先镀后拔在湿拉中拉丝模孔型结构浅析[J].金属制品,1990,(5):22-23.Zhao Zhiming.Analysis of the hole-type structure of hot-dip galvanized steel wire after first plating and pulling in wet drawing[J].Steel Wire Products,1990,(5):22-23.
[15]马明刚.拉拔工艺及模具对钢丝力学性能的影响[D].贵州大学,2006.Ma Minggang.Influence of drawing process and mold on mechanical properties of steel wire[D].Guizhou University,2006.
[16]秦万信.压缩比与拉丝模工作锥角度之间的解析式[J].金属制品,1993,(1):10-12.Qin Wanxin.Analytical formula between compression ratio and working angle of wire drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,1993,(1):10-12.
[17]Avitzur B.Analysis of metal extrusion[J].Journal of Engineering for Industry,1965,87(1):57.
[18]Cook P M,Wistreich J G.Measurement of die pressures in wire drawing by photoelastic methods[J].British Journal of Applied Physics,2002,3(3):159.
[19]贾春扬.胎圈钢丝拉拔工艺和模具孔型设计研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学,2009.Jia Chunyang.Research on the drawing technology of type bead wire and apertrue design of the drawing die[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University of Technology,2009.
[20]常秋,田华.拉丝模工作锥角度对镀锌钢丝拉拔后锌层面质量影响[J].金属制品,2014,40(3):35-37.Chang Qiu,Tian Hua.Wire drawing die work cone angle′s effect on zinc layer quality after drawing galvanized steel wire[J].Steel Wire Products,2014,40(3):35-37.
[21]顾勤勇.拉丝模工作锥角度对钢丝镀锌层质量的影响[J].金属制品,2005,31(2):38-40.Gu Qinyong.Effect of wire drawing die′s work cone angle on zinc coat mass of steel wire[J].Steel Wire Products,2005,31(2):38-40.
[22]姚海东,翟常丽,翟成勇.湿式拉拔对钢帘线单丝抗拉强度的影响[J].金属制品,2010,36(6):17-19.Yao Haidong,Zhai Changli,Zhai Chengyong.Effect on tensile strength of the filament in wet drawing process[J].Steel Wire Products,2010,36(6):17-19.
[23]房义平,林德均.拉丝模孔型对钢丝性能的影响[J].冶金标准化与质量,2010,(3):20-22.Fang Yiping,Lin Dejun.Discussion and analysis on the relationship between the change of angle of circular cone on die and the performance of wire drawing[J].Metallurgical Standardization&Quality,2010,(3):20-22.
[24]汤飞.特殊钢钢丝拉丝模的工作锥角度[J].特殊钢,1995,(4):49-51.Tang Fei.Workig taper of drawing die for special steel wire[J].Special Steel,1995,(4):49-51.
[25]马明刚,吴炳章,陈行中.探索拉丝模孔型参数与模子寿命及拉拔速度的关系[J].中国科技博览,2010,(14):52-53.Ma Minggang,Wu Bingzhang,Chen Xingzhong.Exploring the relationship between the parameters of the drawing die and the life of the mold and the drawing speed[J].China Science and Technology Review,2010,(14):52-53.
[26]Vozquez L B,Rivero I R,Delgodo A M.压力拉丝模的设计[J].轮胎工业,2008(07):440-443.Vozquez L B,Rivero I R,Delgodo A M.Design of pressure drawing die[J].Tire Industry,2008,(07):440-443.
[27]冯祥斌.拉伸模结构设计[J].硬质合金,2011,28(01):48-55.Feng Xiangbin.Structure design of drawing die[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(01):48-55.
[28]杜海清,储少军,辛成.新型拉丝模的研究[J].金属制品,2009,35(5):63-66.Du Haiqing,Chu Shaojun,Xin Chen.Research of new type wire drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,2009,35(5):63-66.
[29]黄立峰,李世伟,刘宝庆,等.细钼丝聚晶拉丝模孔型参数的探讨[J].中国钼业,2013,37(4):46-49.Huang Lifeng,Li Shiwei,Liu Baoqing,et al.Discussion on the polycrystalline wortle pass parameters of fine molybdenum wires[J].China Molybdenum Industry,2013,37(4):46-49.
[30]张贵彤.加长定径带拉丝模在钢丝拉拔中的使用[J].金属制品,2004,30(2):40-41.Zhang Guitong.Sizing elongated strip used in the wire drawing die of the drawing[J].Steel Wire Products,2004,30(2):40-41.
[31]陈转琴.拉丝模使用中常见的问题探析[J].中国新技术新产品,2015,(5):37-38.Chen Zhuanqin.Analysis of common problems in the use of drawing die[J].China New Technologies and Products,2015,(5):37-38.
[32]吴金平,马明刚.硬质合金拉丝模磨损形貌及机理研究[J].煤矿机械,2014,35(6):56-58.Wu Jinping,Ma Minggang.Research on wear morphology and mechanism of cemented carbide drawing die[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2014,35(6):56-58.
[33]Asakawa M,Sasaki W,Shishido S,et al.拉丝模参数对棒材拉拔后残余应力的影响[J].金属制品,2004,30(b05):44-47.Asakawa M,Sasaki W,Shishido S,et al.Effect of die approach geometry and bearing length on residual stress after bar drawing[J].Steel Wire Products,2004,30(b05):44-47.
[34]陈涵.拉丝模半角和多道次拉拔对附加剪切应变层的影响[C].全国金属制品信息网第22届年会暨2010金属制品行业技术信息交流会,中国福建,2010.Chen Han.Effect of die semi-angle and multi-pass drawing on additional shear strain layer[C].Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the National Metal Products Information Network,Fujian,2010.
[35]贾春扬,刘红,曾好平.胎圈钢丝拉拔模新孔型设计与有限元分析[J].轻工机械,2010,28(2):55-57.Jia Chunyang,Liu Hong,Zeng Haoping.Design and FEA analysis of new aperture type drawing dies used for tyre bead wires[J].Light Industry Machinery,2010,28(2):55-57.
[36]刘大义.用投影仪观测拉丝模孔型的实验[J].金属制品,1993,(2):48-50.Liu Dayi.Experiment on observing the hole shape of drawing die with projector[J].Steel Wire Products,1993,(2):48-50.
[37]张玉杰,孟濛濛.基于ARM9的拉丝模孔型测试系统设计[J].化工自动化及仪表,2011,38(11):1357-1359.Zhang Yujie,Meng Mengmeng.Design of drawing die hole measuring system based on ARM9[J].Control and Instruments in Chemical Industry,2011,38(11):1357-1359.
[38]杨庆华,赵世平,赵背生,等.采用光纤传感器的电子塞规的设计[J].中国测试,2005,31(2):60-61.Yang Qinghua,Zhao Shiping,Zhao Beisheng,et al.Design of electronic plug gauge using fibre sensor[J].China Measurement Technology,2005,31(2):60-61.
[39]张鑫.拉丝模具孔径测量仪的研制[D].成都:电子科技大学,2014.Zhang Xin.Research and manufacturing of wire drawing die aperture measuring apparatus[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2014.
[40]杨萍,张玉杰.激光衍射在拉丝模孔型测量中的研究[J].激光与红外,2017,47(2):150-153.Yang Ping,Zhang Yujie.Research on laser diffraction in pass measurement of wire drawing dies[J].laser and infrared,2017,47(2):150-153.2018-12-7
[2]王世可.硬质合金拉丝模[J].模具技术,1993,(2):66-71.Wang Shike.Carbide wire drawing die[J].Die and Mould Technology,1993,(2):66-71.
[3]叶景风,刘宁,殷卫海,等.提高硬质合金拉丝模性能的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2005,22(3):183-188.Ye Jingfeng,Liu Ning,Yin Weihai,et al.Development of the Improvement upon cemented carbide drawing die[J].Cemented Carbide,2005,22(3):183-188.
[4]孙金茂,张建家.拉丝模现状,发展趋势及国外修模设备综述[J].上海金属,1991,(3):23-26.Sun Jinmao,Zhang Jianjia.A review on current status df drawing dies,their development tendency and reconditioning equipment abroad[J].Shanghai Metals,1991,(3):23-26.
[5]Zhu W,Liu Y.Improvement of the structure properties for special steel wire by cold-rolling technique[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1995,48(1-4):469-474.
[6]肖东平.拉丝模的最佳孔型结构及加工方式[J].金属制品,2003,29(1):44-46.Xiao Dongping.Optimum pass structure and machining mode of wire drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,2003,29(1):44-46.
[7]任润清.对拉丝模孔型主要参数的优化分析[J].天津冶金,1995,(4):10-13.Ren Runqing.The main parameters to optimize the drawing die hole pattern analysis[J].Tianjin Metallurgy,1995,(4):10-13.
[8]苏瑛琦.德国高速拉丝模之研究[J].金属制品,1994,(5):28-31.Su Yingqi.The researeh on high speed drawing die in Germany[J].Steel Wire Products,1994,(5):28-31.
[9]曹清.拉丝模孔型对其磨损的影响[J].金属制品,1996,22(4):38-41.Cao Qing.The effect of drawing die pass on wear[J].Steel Wire Products,1996,22(4):38-41.
[10]杨学锋,邓建新.拉丝模材质与结构的发展[J].工具技术,2004,38(8):64-69.Yang Xuefeng,Deng Jianxin.Study on development of materials and structures of wire drawing dies[J].Tool Engineering,2004,38(8):64-69.
[11]阚玉珍.提高拉丝模寿命的探讨[J].金属制品,1997,23(4):50-54.Kan Yuzhen.Make an approach to raising the life time of drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,1997,23(4):50-54.
[12]魏志远.拉丝模具消耗的改善[J].金属制品,2017,43(4):20-22.Wei Zhiyuan.Improvement of wire drawing dies consumption[J].Steel Wire Products,2017,43(4):20-22.
[13]王小刚,贺孝宇,李伟.φ3.2 mm高强度镀锌制绳钢丝生产工艺研究[J].金属制品,2017,43(2):7-9.Wang Xiaogang,He Xiaoyu,Li Wei.Production technology research of diameter 3.2 mm high strength galvanized steel wire for rope[J].Steel Wire Products,2017,43(2):7-9.
[14]赵志明.热镀锌钢丝先镀后拔在湿拉中拉丝模孔型结构浅析[J].金属制品,1990,(5):22-23.Zhao Zhiming.Analysis of the hole-type structure of hot-dip galvanized steel wire after first plating and pulling in wet drawing[J].Steel Wire Products,1990,(5):22-23.
[15]马明刚.拉拔工艺及模具对钢丝力学性能的影响[D].贵州大学,2006.Ma Minggang.Influence of drawing process and mold on mechanical properties of steel wire[D].Guizhou University,2006.
[16]秦万信.压缩比与拉丝模工作锥角度之间的解析式[J].金属制品,1993,(1):10-12.Qin Wanxin.Analytical formula between compression ratio and working angle of wire drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,1993,(1):10-12.
[17]Avitzur B.Analysis of metal extrusion[J].Journal of Engineering for Industry,1965,87(1):57.
[18]Cook P M,Wistreich J G.Measurement of die pressures in wire drawing by photoelastic methods[J].British Journal of Applied Physics,2002,3(3):159.
[19]贾春扬.胎圈钢丝拉拔工艺和模具孔型设计研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学,2009.Jia Chunyang.Research on the drawing technology of type bead wire and apertrue design of the drawing die[D].Zhejiang:Zhejiang University of Technology,2009.
[20]常秋,田华.拉丝模工作锥角度对镀锌钢丝拉拔后锌层面质量影响[J].金属制品,2014,40(3):35-37.Chang Qiu,Tian Hua.Wire drawing die work cone angle′s effect on zinc layer quality after drawing galvanized steel wire[J].Steel Wire Products,2014,40(3):35-37.
[21]顾勤勇.拉丝模工作锥角度对钢丝镀锌层质量的影响[J].金属制品,2005,31(2):38-40.Gu Qinyong.Effect of wire drawing die′s work cone angle on zinc coat mass of steel wire[J].Steel Wire Products,2005,31(2):38-40.
[22]姚海东,翟常丽,翟成勇.湿式拉拔对钢帘线单丝抗拉强度的影响[J].金属制品,2010,36(6):17-19.Yao Haidong,Zhai Changli,Zhai Chengyong.Effect on tensile strength of the filament in wet drawing process[J].Steel Wire Products,2010,36(6):17-19.
[23]房义平,林德均.拉丝模孔型对钢丝性能的影响[J].冶金标准化与质量,2010,(3):20-22.Fang Yiping,Lin Dejun.Discussion and analysis on the relationship between the change of angle of circular cone on die and the performance of wire drawing[J].Metallurgical Standardization&Quality,2010,(3):20-22.
[24]汤飞.特殊钢钢丝拉丝模的工作锥角度[J].特殊钢,1995,(4):49-51.Tang Fei.Workig taper of drawing die for special steel wire[J].Special Steel,1995,(4):49-51.
[25]马明刚,吴炳章,陈行中.探索拉丝模孔型参数与模子寿命及拉拔速度的关系[J].中国科技博览,2010,(14):52-53.Ma Minggang,Wu Bingzhang,Chen Xingzhong.Exploring the relationship between the parameters of the drawing die and the life of the mold and the drawing speed[J].China Science and Technology Review,2010,(14):52-53.
[26]Vozquez L B,Rivero I R,Delgodo A M.压力拉丝模的设计[J].轮胎工业,2008(07):440-443.Vozquez L B,Rivero I R,Delgodo A M.Design of pressure drawing die[J].Tire Industry,2008,(07):440-443.
[27]冯祥斌.拉伸模结构设计[J].硬质合金,2011,28(01):48-55.Feng Xiangbin.Structure design of drawing die[J].Cemented Carbide,2011,28(01):48-55.
[28]杜海清,储少军,辛成.新型拉丝模的研究[J].金属制品,2009,35(5):63-66.Du Haiqing,Chu Shaojun,Xin Chen.Research of new type wire drawing die[J].Steel Wire Products,2009,35(5):63-66.
[29]黄立峰,李世伟,刘宝庆,等.细钼丝聚晶拉丝模孔型参数的探讨[J].中国钼业,2013,37(4):46-49.Huang Lifeng,Li Shiwei,Liu Baoqing,et al.Discussion on the polycrystalline wortle pass parameters of fine molybdenum wires[J].China Molybdenum Industry,2013,37(4):46-49.
[30]张贵彤.加长定径带拉丝模在钢丝拉拔中的使用[J].金属制品,2004,30(2):40-41.Zhang Guitong.Sizing elongated strip used in the wire drawing die of the drawing[J].Steel Wire Products,2004,30(2):40-41.
[31]陈转琴.拉丝模使用中常见的问题探析[J].中国新技术新产品,2015,(5):37-38.Chen Zhuanqin.Analysis of common problems in the use of drawing die[J].China New Technologies and Products,2015,(5):37-38.
[32]吴金平,马明刚.硬质合金拉丝模磨损形貌及机理研究[J].煤矿机械,2014,35(6):56-58.Wu Jinping,Ma Minggang.Research on wear morphology and mechanism of cemented carbide drawing die[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2014,35(6):56-58.
[33]Asakawa M,Sasaki W,Shishido S,et al.拉丝模参数对棒材拉拔后残余应力的影响[J].金属制品,2004,30(b05):44-47.Asakawa M,Sasaki W,Shishido S,et al.Effect of die approach geometry and bearing length on residual stress after bar drawing[J].Steel Wire Products,2004,30(b05):44-47.
[34]陈涵.拉丝模半角和多道次拉拔对附加剪切应变层的影响[C].全国金属制品信息网第22届年会暨2010金属制品行业技术信息交流会,中国福建,2010.Chen Han.Effect of die semi-angle and multi-pass drawing on additional shear strain layer[C].Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the National Metal Products Information Network,Fujian,2010.
[35]贾春扬,刘红,曾好平.胎圈钢丝拉拔模新孔型设计与有限元分析[J].轻工机械,2010,28(2):55-57.Jia Chunyang,Liu Hong,Zeng Haoping.Design and FEA analysis of new aperture type drawing dies used for tyre bead wires[J].Light Industry Machinery,2010,28(2):55-57.
[36]刘大义.用投影仪观测拉丝模孔型的实验[J].金属制品,1993,(2):48-50.Liu Dayi.Experiment on observing the hole shape of drawing die with projector[J].Steel Wire Products,1993,(2):48-50.
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