叠前地震Q值反演在储层流体识别中的应用研究
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摘要
相较于常规的叠后资料Q值估算方法,本文的Q值反演法充分利用了叠前地震资料所具有的丰富振幅、频率和走时信息.首先简化黏弹性介质纵波反射系数近似,利用贝叶斯理论,建立反演方程,然后通过加入柯西约束和模型约束对算法进行优化,增加反演细节和横向连续性,提高反演精度和可靠性,最后将算法应用胜利油田东部探区的复杂岩性油气藏中,同时反演纵横波速度、密度和地层吸收衰减参数Q,成功地区分了强振幅引起的"真假亮点",识别了储层的含油气性,弥补了传统方法的不足.
Compared to conventional Q estimation methods based on post-stack data,the Q value inversion method makes full use of abundant amplitude,frequency and travel information in pre-stack seismic data in this article. First simplified viscoelastic medium longitudinal wave reflection coefficient approximation, and constructed inverse equation based on Bayesian theory. Then,by adding Cauchy constraints and model constraints optimized algorithm, which increased the inversion details and lateral continuity and improved retrieval accuracy and reliability. Finally,the algorithm was used to complex lithological reservoirs in eastern exploration region in Shengli oilfield, which, simultaneously inversed longitudinal velocity,shear velocity,density and formation attenuation parameter Q, successfully distinguished the strong amplitude caused by the "genuine bright spots ",identified the shortcomings of hydrocarbon potential,and maked up the traditional methods of the reservoir.
Compared to conventional Q estimation methods based on post-stack data,the Q value inversion method makes full use of abundant amplitude,frequency and travel information in pre-stack seismic data in this article. First simplified viscoelastic medium longitudinal wave reflection coefficient approximation, and constructed inverse equation based on Bayesian theory. Then,by adding Cauchy constraints and model constraints optimized algorithm, which increased the inversion details and lateral continuity and improved retrieval accuracy and reliability. Finally,the algorithm was used to complex lithological reservoirs in eastern exploration region in Shengli oilfield, which, simultaneously inversed longitudinal velocity,shear velocity,density and formation attenuation parameter Q, successfully distinguished the strong amplitude caused by the "genuine bright spots ",identified the shortcomings of hydrocarbon potential,and maked up the traditional methods of the reservoir.
引文
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Cai W T,Hu G Y,Fan T E,et al.2014.Quality factor extraction by spectral simulation method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(2):642-649.DOI:10.6038/pg20140223.
Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.2009.Low frequency shadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(1):215-221.
Chen Y M.2016.Full combinatorial optimization Q value calculation method[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),31(4):1557-1561.DOI:10.6038/pg20160419.
Clark R A,Benson P M,Carter A J,et al.2009.Anisotropic P-wave attenuation measured from a multi-azimuth surface seismic reflection survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting,57(5):835-845.
Dasgupta R,Clark R A.1998.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,63(6):2120-2128
Diao R,Li Z C,Han W G,et al.2011.Application of absorption and attenuation analysis technique based on generalized S transform for hydrocarbon identification[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(3):260-265.
Dong N,Yang L Q.2008.Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),23(2):533-538.
Duan W G,Zheng J J,Wang Y G,et al.2016.Q value extraction and the reservoir formation fluid identification based on Teagerenergy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2016,31(1):411-416 .DOI:10.6038/pg20160148.
Gladwin M T,Stacey F D.1974.Anelastic degradation of acoustic pulses in rock[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,8(4):332-336.
Hackert C L,Parra J O.2004.Improving Q estimates from seismic reflection data using well-log-based localized spectral correction[J].Geophysics,69(6):1521-1529
Kjartansson E.1979.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,84(4):4737-4748.
Ma Z J,Liu Y.2005.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),20(4):1074-1082.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.031.
Maultzsch S,Chapman M,Liu E,et al.2007.Modelling and analysis of attenuation anisotropy in multi-azimuth VSP data from the clairfield[J]Geophysical Prospecting,55(5):627-642.
Tonn R.1991.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,39(1):1-27
Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.2011.Estimation of stratigraphic quality factors on pre-stack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(3):423-428.
Wang X J,Yin X Y.2011.Estimation of layer quality factors based on zero-phase wavelet[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),26(6):2090-2098.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.025.
Wang X J,Luan X W,Zheng J J.2015.P wave reflection coefficient approximation of viscoelastic medium[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(6):1059-1072.
WANG Xiao-Jie,YIN Xing-Yao,WU Guo-Chen.2012.The application of an S transform based absorption and attenuation technique for prediction of gas-bearing reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),51(1):37-42.
Winkler K W,Nur A.1982.Seismic attenuation:Effects of pore fluids and frictional-sliding[J].Geophysics,47(1):1-15.
Yu Q L,Ju X G,Li J,et al.2015.A combination method of Q factor estimation based on peak frequency shift method[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),30(4):1833-1839.DOI:10.6038/pg20150442.
Yue Y X,Zhao Y,Huang J L,et al.2016.Absorption attenuation gradient detection based on three parameter wavelet transform[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1725-1731.DOI:10 .6038/pg20160442.
Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.2002.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geophysics,67(5):1542-1547
Zhang G L.2011.Low-frequency absorption attenuation gradient detection based on improved generalized S transform[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(9):2407-2411.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.024.
蔡文涛,胡光义,范廷恩,等.2014.谱模拟法提取地层品质因子[J].地球物理学进展,29(2):642-649.DOI:10.6038/pg20140223.
陈学华,贺振华,黄德济,等.2009.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测[J].地球物理学报,52(1):215-221.
陈雨茂.2016.全组合最优化Q值计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,31 (4):1557-1561.DOI:10.6038/pg20160419.
刁锐,李振春,韩文功,等.2011.基于广义S变换的吸收衰减分析技术在油气识别中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(3):260-265.
董宁,杨立强.2008.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,23(2):533-538.
段伟刚,郑静静,王延光,等.2016.基于Teager能量的地层Q值提取及储层流体识别[J].地球物理学进展,31(1):411-416.DOI:10.6038/pg20160148.
乐友喜,赵迎,黄健良,等.2016.基于三参数小波变换的吸收衰减梯度检测[J].地球物理学进展,31(4):1725-1732.DOI:10.6038/pg20160442.
马昭军,刘洋.2005.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1074-1082.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.031.
王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.2011.叠前地震数据的地层Q值估计[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(3):423-428.
王小杰,印兴耀.2011.基于零相位子波地层Q值估计[J].地球物理学进展,26(6):2090-2098.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.025.
王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.2012.基于S变换的吸收衰减技术在含气储层预测中的应用研究[J].石油物探,51(1):37-42.
王小杰,栾锡武,郑静静.2015.黏弹性介质纵波反射系数近似[J].石油地球物理勘探,50(6):1059-1072.
余青露,居兴国,李进,等.2015.基于峰值频率法的组合法估计叠前Q值[J].地球物理学进展,30(4):1833-1839.DOI:10.6038/pg20150442.
张固澜.2011.基于改进的广义S变换的低频吸收衰减梯度检测[J].地球物理学报,54(9):2407-2411.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.024.
Cai W T,Hu G Y,Fan T E,et al.2014.Quality factor extraction by spectral simulation method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(2):642-649.DOI:10.6038/pg20140223.
Chen X H,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.2009.Low frequency shadow detection of gas reservoirs in time-frequency domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(1):215-221.
Chen Y M.2016.Full combinatorial optimization Q value calculation method[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),31(4):1557-1561.DOI:10.6038/pg20160419.
Clark R A,Benson P M,Carter A J,et al.2009.Anisotropic P-wave attenuation measured from a multi-azimuth surface seismic reflection survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting,57(5):835-845.
Dasgupta R,Clark R A.1998.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,63(6):2120-2128
Diao R,Li Z C,Han W G,et al.2011.Application of absorption and attenuation analysis technique based on generalized S transform for hydrocarbon identification[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(3):260-265.
Dong N,Yang L Q.2008.Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),23(2):533-538.
Duan W G,Zheng J J,Wang Y G,et al.2016.Q value extraction and the reservoir formation fluid identification based on Teagerenergy[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2016,31(1):411-416 .DOI:10.6038/pg20160148.
Gladwin M T,Stacey F D.1974.Anelastic degradation of acoustic pulses in rock[J].Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,8(4):332-336.
Hackert C L,Parra J O.2004.Improving Q estimates from seismic reflection data using well-log-based localized spectral correction[J].Geophysics,69(6):1521-1529
Kjartansson E.1979.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,84(4):4737-4748.
Ma Z J,Liu Y.2005.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),20(4):1074-1082.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.031.
Maultzsch S,Chapman M,Liu E,et al.2007.Modelling and analysis of attenuation anisotropy in multi-azimuth VSP data from the clairfield[J]Geophysical Prospecting,55(5):627-642.
Tonn R.1991.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,39(1):1-27
Wang X J,Yin X Y,Wu G C.2011.Estimation of stratigraphic quality factors on pre-stack seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(3):423-428.
Wang X J,Yin X Y.2011.Estimation of layer quality factors based on zero-phase wavelet[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),26(6):2090-2098.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.025.
Wang X J,Luan X W,Zheng J J.2015.P wave reflection coefficient approximation of viscoelastic medium[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(6):1059-1072.
WANG Xiao-Jie,YIN Xing-Yao,WU Guo-Chen.2012.The application of an S transform based absorption and attenuation technique for prediction of gas-bearing reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),51(1):37-42.
Winkler K W,Nur A.1982.Seismic attenuation:Effects of pore fluids and frictional-sliding[J].Geophysics,47(1):1-15.
Yu Q L,Ju X G,Li J,et al.2015.A combination method of Q factor estimation based on peak frequency shift method[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),30(4):1833-1839.DOI:10.6038/pg20150442.
Yue Y X,Zhao Y,Huang J L,et al.2016.Absorption attenuation gradient detection based on three parameter wavelet transform[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1725-1731.DOI:10 .6038/pg20160442.
Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.2002.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records[J].Geophysics,67(5):1542-1547
Zhang G L.2011.Low-frequency absorption attenuation gradient detection based on improved generalized S transform[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(9):2407-2411.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.024.
蔡文涛,胡光义,范廷恩,等.2014.谱模拟法提取地层品质因子[J].地球物理学进展,29(2):642-649.DOI:10.6038/pg20140223.
陈学华,贺振华,黄德济,等.2009.时频域油气储层低频阴影检测[J].地球物理学报,52(1):215-221.
陈雨茂.2016.全组合最优化Q值计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,31 (4):1557-1561.DOI:10.6038/pg20160419.
刁锐,李振春,韩文功,等.2011.基于广义S变换的吸收衰减分析技术在油气识别中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(3):260-265.
董宁,杨立强.2008.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,23(2):533-538.
段伟刚,郑静静,王延光,等.2016.基于Teager能量的地层Q值提取及储层流体识别[J].地球物理学进展,31(1):411-416.DOI:10.6038/pg20160148.
乐友喜,赵迎,黄健良,等.2016.基于三参数小波变换的吸收衰减梯度检测[J].地球物理学进展,31(4):1725-1732.DOI:10.6038/pg20160442.
马昭军,刘洋.2005.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1074-1082.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.031.
王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.2011.叠前地震数据的地层Q值估计[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(3):423-428.
王小杰,印兴耀.2011.基于零相位子波地层Q值估计[J].地球物理学进展,26(6):2090-2098.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.025.
王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.2012.基于S变换的吸收衰减技术在含气储层预测中的应用研究[J].石油物探,51(1):37-42.
王小杰,栾锡武,郑静静.2015.黏弹性介质纵波反射系数近似[J].石油地球物理勘探,50(6):1059-1072.
余青露,居兴国,李进,等.2015.基于峰值频率法的组合法估计叠前Q值[J].地球物理学进展,30(4):1833-1839.DOI:10.6038/pg20150442.
张固澜.2011.基于改进的广义S变换的低频吸收衰减梯度检测[J].地球物理学报,54(9):2407-2411.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.09.024.