基于广义S变换的频移衰减估算方法及在碳酸盐岩储层中的应用
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摘要
传统频率域衰减Q值估算方法在碳酸盐岩储层地震预测中往往存在Q值精度不高和时频分辨率不足的问题,难以精细、有效地描述储层地震特征。利用改进的频移法Q值估算精度高、稳定性好的优势,引入广义S变换使其时频分辨率可调以满足实际需求,提出了一种完整的衰减方法研究流程,讨论了广义S变换双参数及振幅谱频段参数的选取方式参考层识别与层剥离处理方法等问题,有效提升了衰减Q值方法在碳酸盐岩储层研究中的适用性。将该方法应用于安岳气田磨溪区块龙王庙组碳酸盐岩储层,提取了工区内一条二维地震测线的Q值剖面,对比实际资料进行分析,结果表明Q值较振幅、波阻抗属性更能反映储层含气特征,低Q值分布区域与含气井位置基本吻合,衰减异常现象明显。将该方法应用于全工区地震资料,Q值反映了地层的吸收特征和储层特征差异,有效预测了优质储层分布的有利区。基于衰减Q值的估算方法在碳酸盐岩储层预测中具有明显效果。
Traditional attenuation Q factor estimation methods in the frequency domain faces the problem of the precision of extracted Q factors,and the time-frequency resolution is insufficient to support the seismic prediction of carbonate reservoirs. There is difficulty in effectively describing the carbonate reservoir characteristics with these methods. Took advantages of high accuracy and stability features of the improved frequency shift method,and the generalized S-transform was introduced to make the time-frequency resolution adjustable to meet the actual needs. A complete attenuation method of research flow was proposed to discuss on the selection of S-transform parameters and amplitude spectrum band parameters,the identification of reference layer and the layer-stripping methods. The applicability of the attenuation Q method was improved in the study of carbonate reservoirs. This method was applied to the carbonate reservoir of Longwangmiao Formation in the Moxi block of Anyue gas field. The Q factor profile of a 2 D seismic survey line in the work area was extracted to be analyzed with actual data,and the results show that the Q factor results reflect the gas-bearing characteristics of the reservoirs better than the amplitude and wave impedance properties,The low-Q distribution area is basically consistent with the position of gas-bearing wells,and the attenuation anomaly is obvious. The method is then applied to seismic data in the whole work area. The Q factor results reflect the differences in the absorption characteristics and reservoir characteristics of the strata,and effectively predict the favorable areas for the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. The estimation method based on the attenuation Q factor has a significant effect in the prediction of carbonate reservoirs.
Traditional attenuation Q factor estimation methods in the frequency domain faces the problem of the precision of extracted Q factors,and the time-frequency resolution is insufficient to support the seismic prediction of carbonate reservoirs. There is difficulty in effectively describing the carbonate reservoir characteristics with these methods. Took advantages of high accuracy and stability features of the improved frequency shift method,and the generalized S-transform was introduced to make the time-frequency resolution adjustable to meet the actual needs. A complete attenuation method of research flow was proposed to discuss on the selection of S-transform parameters and amplitude spectrum band parameters,the identification of reference layer and the layer-stripping methods. The applicability of the attenuation Q method was improved in the study of carbonate reservoirs. This method was applied to the carbonate reservoir of Longwangmiao Formation in the Moxi block of Anyue gas field. The Q factor profile of a 2 D seismic survey line in the work area was extracted to be analyzed with actual data,and the results show that the Q factor results reflect the gas-bearing characteristics of the reservoirs better than the amplitude and wave impedance properties,The low-Q distribution area is basically consistent with the position of gas-bearing wells,and the attenuation anomaly is obvious. The method is then applied to seismic data in the whole work area. The Q factor results reflect the differences in the absorption characteristics and reservoir characteristics of the strata,and effectively predict the favorable areas for the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. The estimation method based on the attenuation Q factor has a significant effect in the prediction of carbonate reservoirs.
引文
1谢锦龙,黄冲,王晓星.中国碳酸盐岩油气藏探明储量分布特征.海相油气地质,2009;14(2):24-30Xie Jinlong,Huang Chong,Wang Xiaoxing.Distribution features of proved reserves of carbonate oil and gas pools in China.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009;14(2):24-30
2江怀友,宋新民,王元基,等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望.海洋石油,2008;28(4):6-13Jiang Huaiyou,Song Xinmin,Wang Yuanji,et al.Current situation and forecast of the world's carbonate oil and gas exploration and development.Offshore Oil,2008;28(4):6-13
3刘春园,魏修成,徐胜峰,等.地球物理方法在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用综述.地球物理学进展,2007;22(6):137-144Liu Chunyuan,Wei Xiucheng,Xu Shengfeng,et al.The overview of geophysical techniques in prediction of carbonate rock reservoir.Progress in Geophysics,2007;22(6):137-144
4 Li Y,Downton J,Goodway B.Recent applications of AVO to carbonate reservoirs in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.Leading Edge,2003;22(7):670-674
5闫玲玲,刘全稳,张丽娟,等.叠后地质统计学反演在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用:以哈拉哈塘油田新垦区块为例.地学前缘,2015;22(6):177-184Yan Lingling,Liu Quanwen,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Post-stack geo-statistics inversion in the application of the carbonate rocks reservoir prediction:In Xinken area,Halahatang oil field as an example.Earth Science Frontiers,2015;22(6):177-184
6蔡成国,顾汉明,李宗杰,等.波阻抗反演方法在塔河碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.地质科技情报,2009;28(4):91-95Cai Chengguo,Gu Hanming,Li Zongjie,et al.Application of wave impedance inversion methods in the carbonate reservoir prediction in Tahe oilfield.Geological Science and Technology Information,2009;28(4):91-95
7 Johnston D H,Toks9z M N,Timur A.Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks:II.Mechanisms.Geophysics,1979;44(4):691-711
8 Best A I,Sams M S.Compressional wave velocity and attenuation at ultrasonic and sonic frequencies in near-surface sedimentary rocks.Geophysical Prospecting,1997;45(2):327-344
9 Bath M.Spectral analysis in geophysics.Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1974:87-94
10 Quan Y L,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method.Geophysics,1997;62(3):895-905
11 Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records.Geophysics,2002;67(5):1542-1547
12高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007;50(4):1198-1209Gao Jinghuai,Yang Senlin.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007;50(4):1198-1209
13王宗俊.基于谱模拟的质心法品质因子估算.石油物探,2015;54(3):267-273Wang Zongjun.Quality factor estimation by centroid frequency shift of spectrum fitting.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015;54(3):267-273
14崔琴,于新霞,潘龙,等.基于加权指数型子波的质心频移法估算品质因子.物探与化探,2016;40(6):1203-1210Cui Qin,Yu Xinxia,Pan Long,et al.Q estimation by centroid frequency shift method based on frequency-weighted-exponential function.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016;40(6):1203-1210
15 Li J,Wang S,Yang D,et al.An improved Q estimation approach:The weighted centroid frequency shift method.Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2016;13(3):399-411
16 Tu N,Lu W.An improved peak-frequency-shift method for Q estimation.Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference and Exposition.Beijing:CPS&SEG,2009:115
17 Hu C,Tu N,Lu W.Seismic attenuation estimation using an improved frequency shift method.IEEE Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters,2013;10(5):1026-1030
18 Li F,Zhou H,Jiang N,et al.Q estimation from reflection seismic data for hydrocarbon detection using a modified frequency shift method.Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2015;12(4):577
19 Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S transform.IEEE transactions on signal processing,1996;44(4):998-1001
20高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003;46(4):526-532Gao Jinghuai,Chen Wenchao,Li Youming,et al.Generalized Stransform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003;46(4):526-532
21陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.广义S变换及其时频滤波.信号处理,2008;24(1):28-31Chen Xuehua,He Zhenhua,Huang Deji.Generalized S transform and its time-frequency filtering.Signal Processing,2008;24(1):28-31
22王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.基于S变换的吸收衰减技术在含气储层预测中的应用研究.石油物探,2012;51(1):37-42Wang Xiaojie,Yin Xingyao,Wu Guochen.The application of an Stransform based absorption and attenuation technique for prediction of gas-bearing reservoir.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012;51(1):37-42
23付勋勋,徐峰,秦启荣,等.基于改进的广义S变换求取地层品质因子Q值.石油地球物理勘探,2012;47(3):457-461Fu Xunxun,Xu Feng,Qing Qirong,et al.Estimation of quality factor based on improved generalized S-transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012;47(3):457-461
24陈文爽,管路平,李振春,等.基于广义S变换的叠前Q值反演方法研究.石油物探,2014;53(6):706-712Chen Wenshuang,Guan Luping,Li Zhenchun,et al.Prestack Q-inversion based on generalized S transform.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014;53(6):706-712
25刘立峰,孙赞东.地震波吸收衰减技术在缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):121-124Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong.Application of seismic wave absorption and attenuation technology in predicting fracture-vug carbonate reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009;44(S1):121-124
26董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2008;23(2):239-244Dong Ning,Yang Liqiang.Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in tahe oilfield.Progress in Geophysics,2008;23(2):239-244
27杨璐,贺振华,文晓涛,等.频率衰减属性在深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探中的应用.岩性油气藏,2012;24(5):98-101Yang Lu,He Zhenhua,Wen Xiaotao,et al.Application of frequency attenuation attributes to oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate rocks.Northwest Oil&Gas Exploration,2012;24(5):98-101
28李弘,窦之林,王世星,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层“弱反射”特征的地震多属性识别.石油物探,2014;53(6):713-719Li Hong,Dou Zhilin,Wang Shixing,et al.Seismic multi-attributes recognition for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs with“weak reflection”characteristics.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014;53(6):713-719
29张建勇,罗文军,周进高,等.四川盆地安岳特大型气田下寒武统龙王庙组优质储层形成的主控因素.天然气地球科学,2015;26(11):2063-2074Zhang Jianyong,Luo Wenjun,Zhou Jingao,et al.Main origins of high quality reservoir of lower cambrian Longwangmiao formation in the giant Anyue gas field,Sichuan basin,SW China.Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(11):2063-2074
30罗冰,周刚,罗文军,等.川中古隆起下古生界-震旦系勘探发现与天然气富集规律.中国石油勘探,2015;20(2):18-29Luo Bing,Zhou Gang,Luo Wenjun,et al.Discovery from exploration of lower paleozoic-sinian system in central Sichuan palaeo-uplift and its natural gas abundance law.China Petroleum Exploration,2015;20(2):18-29
31金民东,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地磨溪-高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩特征及分布规律.古地理学报,2015;17(3):347-357Jin Mindong,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,et al.Characteristics and distribution of grain bank of the lower cambrian Longwangmiao formation in Moxi-Gaoshiti area,Sichuan Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,2015;17(3):347-357
2江怀友,宋新民,王元基,等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望.海洋石油,2008;28(4):6-13Jiang Huaiyou,Song Xinmin,Wang Yuanji,et al.Current situation and forecast of the world's carbonate oil and gas exploration and development.Offshore Oil,2008;28(4):6-13
3刘春园,魏修成,徐胜峰,等.地球物理方法在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用综述.地球物理学进展,2007;22(6):137-144Liu Chunyuan,Wei Xiucheng,Xu Shengfeng,et al.The overview of geophysical techniques in prediction of carbonate rock reservoir.Progress in Geophysics,2007;22(6):137-144
4 Li Y,Downton J,Goodway B.Recent applications of AVO to carbonate reservoirs in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.Leading Edge,2003;22(7):670-674
5闫玲玲,刘全稳,张丽娟,等.叠后地质统计学反演在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用:以哈拉哈塘油田新垦区块为例.地学前缘,2015;22(6):177-184Yan Lingling,Liu Quanwen,Zhang Lijuan,et al.Post-stack geo-statistics inversion in the application of the carbonate rocks reservoir prediction:In Xinken area,Halahatang oil field as an example.Earth Science Frontiers,2015;22(6):177-184
6蔡成国,顾汉明,李宗杰,等.波阻抗反演方法在塔河碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.地质科技情报,2009;28(4):91-95Cai Chengguo,Gu Hanming,Li Zongjie,et al.Application of wave impedance inversion methods in the carbonate reservoir prediction in Tahe oilfield.Geological Science and Technology Information,2009;28(4):91-95
7 Johnston D H,Toks9z M N,Timur A.Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks:II.Mechanisms.Geophysics,1979;44(4):691-711
8 Best A I,Sams M S.Compressional wave velocity and attenuation at ultrasonic and sonic frequencies in near-surface sedimentary rocks.Geophysical Prospecting,1997;45(2):327-344
9 Bath M.Spectral analysis in geophysics.Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1974:87-94
10 Quan Y L,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method.Geophysics,1997;62(3):895-905
11 Zhang C J,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records.Geophysics,2002;67(5):1542-1547
12高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007;50(4):1198-1209Gao Jinghuai,Yang Senlin.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007;50(4):1198-1209
13王宗俊.基于谱模拟的质心法品质因子估算.石油物探,2015;54(3):267-273Wang Zongjun.Quality factor estimation by centroid frequency shift of spectrum fitting.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015;54(3):267-273
14崔琴,于新霞,潘龙,等.基于加权指数型子波的质心频移法估算品质因子.物探与化探,2016;40(6):1203-1210Cui Qin,Yu Xinxia,Pan Long,et al.Q estimation by centroid frequency shift method based on frequency-weighted-exponential function.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016;40(6):1203-1210
15 Li J,Wang S,Yang D,et al.An improved Q estimation approach:The weighted centroid frequency shift method.Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2016;13(3):399-411
16 Tu N,Lu W.An improved peak-frequency-shift method for Q estimation.Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference and Exposition.Beijing:CPS&SEG,2009:115
17 Hu C,Tu N,Lu W.Seismic attenuation estimation using an improved frequency shift method.IEEE Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters,2013;10(5):1026-1030
18 Li F,Zhou H,Jiang N,et al.Q estimation from reflection seismic data for hydrocarbon detection using a modified frequency shift method.Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2015;12(4):577
19 Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S transform.IEEE transactions on signal processing,1996;44(4):998-1001
20高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析.地球物理学报,2003;46(4):526-532Gao Jinghuai,Chen Wenchao,Li Youming,et al.Generalized Stransform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003;46(4):526-532
21陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.广义S变换及其时频滤波.信号处理,2008;24(1):28-31Chen Xuehua,He Zhenhua,Huang Deji.Generalized S transform and its time-frequency filtering.Signal Processing,2008;24(1):28-31
22王小杰,印兴耀,吴国忱.基于S变换的吸收衰减技术在含气储层预测中的应用研究.石油物探,2012;51(1):37-42Wang Xiaojie,Yin Xingyao,Wu Guochen.The application of an Stransform based absorption and attenuation technique for prediction of gas-bearing reservoir.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012;51(1):37-42
23付勋勋,徐峰,秦启荣,等.基于改进的广义S变换求取地层品质因子Q值.石油地球物理勘探,2012;47(3):457-461Fu Xunxun,Xu Feng,Qing Qirong,et al.Estimation of quality factor based on improved generalized S-transform.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012;47(3):457-461
24陈文爽,管路平,李振春,等.基于广义S变换的叠前Q值反演方法研究.石油物探,2014;53(6):706-712Chen Wenshuang,Guan Luping,Li Zhenchun,et al.Prestack Q-inversion based on generalized S transform.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014;53(6):706-712
25刘立峰,孙赞东.地震波吸收衰减技术在缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):121-124Liu Lifeng,Sun Zandong.Application of seismic wave absorption and attenuation technology in predicting fracture-vug carbonate reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009;44(S1):121-124
26董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2008;23(2):239-244Dong Ning,Yang Liqiang.Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in tahe oilfield.Progress in Geophysics,2008;23(2):239-244
27杨璐,贺振华,文晓涛,等.频率衰减属性在深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探中的应用.岩性油气藏,2012;24(5):98-101Yang Lu,He Zhenhua,Wen Xiaotao,et al.Application of frequency attenuation attributes to oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate rocks.Northwest Oil&Gas Exploration,2012;24(5):98-101
28李弘,窦之林,王世星,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层“弱反射”特征的地震多属性识别.石油物探,2014;53(6):713-719Li Hong,Dou Zhilin,Wang Shixing,et al.Seismic multi-attributes recognition for carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoirs with“weak reflection”characteristics.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014;53(6):713-719
29张建勇,罗文军,周进高,等.四川盆地安岳特大型气田下寒武统龙王庙组优质储层形成的主控因素.天然气地球科学,2015;26(11):2063-2074Zhang Jianyong,Luo Wenjun,Zhou Jingao,et al.Main origins of high quality reservoir of lower cambrian Longwangmiao formation in the giant Anyue gas field,Sichuan basin,SW China.Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(11):2063-2074
30罗冰,周刚,罗文军,等.川中古隆起下古生界-震旦系勘探发现与天然气富集规律.中国石油勘探,2015;20(2):18-29Luo Bing,Zhou Gang,Luo Wenjun,et al.Discovery from exploration of lower paleozoic-sinian system in central Sichuan palaeo-uplift and its natural gas abundance law.China Petroleum Exploration,2015;20(2):18-29
31金民东,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地磨溪-高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩特征及分布规律.古地理学报,2015;17(3):347-357Jin Mindong,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,et al.Characteristics and distribution of grain bank of the lower cambrian Longwangmiao formation in Moxi-Gaoshiti area,Sichuan Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,2015;17(3):347-357