衍生、集群形成与乡村空间重构——以河南省兰考县民族乐器产业集群为例
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摘要
在传统农区形成特色产业集群和特色小镇,是乡村振兴的有效途径。而衍生在集群形成和空间生产过程中起重要作用。以河南省兰考县民族乐器产业集群为例,基于实地调查,利用社会网络分析法以及ArcGIS的空间表达来探究农区产业集群是如何在企业衍生作用下形成,并促进乡村空间重构的。结果表明:①初创企业依托当地资源优势打开了发展某种特色产业的机会窗口,它们将创新技术通过各种衍生路径就近传播,衍生出新的企业和机构,它们共处一地且彼此竞争又合作,从而形成特色产业集群;②衍生的空间邻近性和功能多样性,催生新产业空间的形成和传统农区的就地城镇化,政府的介入加速乡村空间重构;③兰考民族乐器产业集群在师徒衍生、企业裂变衍生、家族衍生、外包衍生和市场衍生的共同作用下形成,经过民族乐器产业空间的生成和功能的完备形成特色小镇。在精准扶贫和乡村振兴的战略机遇下,传统农区依托当地资源优势,抓住发展特色产业的机遇,并利用企业衍生机制和集群的自增强机制,就地城镇化形成特色小镇,这可以作为传统农区实现乡村振兴和脱贫攻坚的"集群模式"。
The formation of distinctive industrial clusters and characteristic towns in traditional agricultural areas acts as an effective approach to rural revitalization. And spin-offs play a vital role in cluster formation and production of space.This article takes the national musical instrument industry cluster in Lankao County of Henan Province as an example and explores how rural industry clusters come into being under the effect of enterprise spin-off and promote rural transformation and spatial restructure applying the field investigation, the social network analysis and the ArcGIS. Results show that: 1) Relying on the superiority of local resources, the start-up enterprises open the opportunity window for a traditional rural area to develop a certain specialty industry. They spread the innovative technology through various spinoff paths and generate new enterprises or institutions. They co-exist, compete and cooperate with each other, and form characteristic industrial clusters. 2) The spatial proximity and functional diversity of spin-offs have spawned the formation of new industrial space and urbanization of traditional agricultural areas. The government's involvement has accelerated the rural spatial restructuring. 3) National musical instrument industry cluster in Lankao County has formed under the coaction of master-apprentice spin-off, enterprise fission spin-off, family spin-off, outsourcing spin-off and market spin-off. And then, a music characteristic town has been formed by the space and complete function of the national musical instrument industry. Under the strategic of targeted poverty alleviation and rural vitalization, traditional agricultural areas rely on local resource potential, seize the opportunity to develop characteristic industries, and form characteristic towns depending on the enterprise spin-off mechanism and the cluster self-enhancing mechanism. All these can be regarded as a "cluster mode" for traditional rural areas to achieve rural revitalization and poverty alleviation.
The formation of distinctive industrial clusters and characteristic towns in traditional agricultural areas acts as an effective approach to rural revitalization. And spin-offs play a vital role in cluster formation and production of space.This article takes the national musical instrument industry cluster in Lankao County of Henan Province as an example and explores how rural industry clusters come into being under the effect of enterprise spin-off and promote rural transformation and spatial restructure applying the field investigation, the social network analysis and the ArcGIS. Results show that: 1) Relying on the superiority of local resources, the start-up enterprises open the opportunity window for a traditional rural area to develop a certain specialty industry. They spread the innovative technology through various spinoff paths and generate new enterprises or institutions. They co-exist, compete and cooperate with each other, and form characteristic industrial clusters. 2) The spatial proximity and functional diversity of spin-offs have spawned the formation of new industrial space and urbanization of traditional agricultural areas. The government's involvement has accelerated the rural spatial restructuring. 3) National musical instrument industry cluster in Lankao County has formed under the coaction of master-apprentice spin-off, enterprise fission spin-off, family spin-off, outsourcing spin-off and market spin-off. And then, a music characteristic town has been formed by the space and complete function of the national musical instrument industry. Under the strategic of targeted poverty alleviation and rural vitalization, traditional agricultural areas rely on local resource potential, seize the opportunity to develop characteristic industries, and form characteristic towns depending on the enterprise spin-off mechanism and the cluster self-enhancing mechanism. All these can be regarded as a "cluster mode" for traditional rural areas to achieve rural revitalization and poverty alleviation.
引文
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[24]韩玉刚,焦华富,李俊峰.中国省际边缘区产业集群的网络特征和形成机理——以安徽省宁国市耐磨铸件产业集群为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):814-826.
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[29]Klepper S.Disagreements,spinoffs and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the U.S.automobile industry[J].Management Science,2007,53(4):616-631.
[30]Klepper S,Sleeper S.Entry by spinoffs[J].Management Science,2005,51(8):1 291-1 306.
[31]Klepper S,Thompson P.Disagreement and intra-industry spinoffs[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2010,28(5):526-538.
[32]Boschma R.Do spinoff dynamics or agglomeration externalities drive industry clustering?[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2015,24(4):859-873.
[33]李小建,李二玲.中国中部农区企业集群的竞争优势研究——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺企业集群为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):136-147.
[34]Scott A,Storper M.High technology industry and regional development:A theoretical critique and reconstruction[J].International Social Science Journal,1987(39):215-247.
[35]李二玲,李小建.农区产业集群、网络与中部崛起[J].人文地理,2006,21(1):60-64.
[36]龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1 019-1 028.
[37]刘军.整体网络分析讲义——UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2009.
[38]史焱文,李二玲,李小建.地理邻近、关系邻近对农业产业集群创新影响[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):51-59.
[2]Long Hualou,Liu Yansui.Rural restructuring in China[J].Journal of Rural Studies,2016,47(47):387-391.
[3]刘彦随.中国县域农村贫困化分异机制的地理探测与优化决策[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):161-173.
[4]Woods M.Engaging the global countryside:globalization,hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J].Progress in Human Geography,2007,31(4):485-507.
[5]Scott A.New industrial spaces:flexible production organization and regional development in North America and Western Europe[M].London:Pion,1988.
[6]Walker R,Storper M.The Capitalist Imperative:Territory,Technology and Industrial Growth[M].New York:Basil Blackwell,1989.
[7]李二玲,李小建.欠发达农区传统制造业集群的网络演化分析——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例[J].地理研究,2009,28(3):738-750.
[8]李二玲,李小建.欠发达农区产业集群的网络组织结构及其区域效应分析[J].经济地理,2009,29(7):1 127-1 133.
[9]Porter M.The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].London:Macmillan,1990.
[10]覃成林,李二玲.中国内地农区产业集群研究——以河南为例[J].地域研究与开发,2007,26(4):1-6.
[11]李二玲,李小建.论产业集群的网络本质[J].经济经纬,2007(1):66-70.
[12]李永刚.企业衍生与经济演化[J].经济社会体制比较,2006(4):123-125.
[13]马力,臧旭恒.企业衍生研究述评[J].管理学报,2012,9(12):1 869-1 874.
[14]胡瑶瑛,吴恒芝,孙彩.东北老工业基地产业集群的衍生路径研究[J].科技与管理,2010,12(3):1-5.
[15]埃弗雷特M罗杰斯,朱迪斯K拉尔森.硅谷热[M].范国鹰,刘西汉,译.北京:经济科学出版杜,1985:52-55.
[16]吴士健,刘新民,王垒.产业集群企业衍生的影响因素及发展对策分析[J].特区经济,2010(10):229-230.
[17]胡建绩,陈海滨.促进产业集群企业衍生的关键“软因素”分析[J].中国工业经济,2005(3):51-57.
[18]高雪莲.北京高科技产业集群衍生效应及其影响分析——基于中关村科技园区的案例研究[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(1):47-52.
[19]高雪莲.产业集群衍生效应的若干理论问题探讨[J].云南师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2008,40(4):100-105.
[20]李小康,胡蓓.大企业衍生创业对创业集群形成的影响研究[J].科研管理,2013,34(9):72-80.
[21]王缉慈,宋向辉,李光宇.企业衍生:北京新技术集聚体形成的重要特征[J].中国高新技术企业评价,1995(6):8-13.
[22]袁丰,李丹丹.辽宁佟二堡皮革制造集群与专业市场共同演化[J].地理研究,2014,33(3):546-557.
[23]李二玲,李小建.基于社会网络分析方法的产业集群研究——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例[J].人文地理,2007,22(6):10-15.
[24]韩玉刚,焦华富,李俊峰.中国省际边缘区产业集群的网络特征和形成机理——以安徽省宁国市耐磨铸件产业集群为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):814-826.
[25]Saxenian A.Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1994:56-88.
[26]Ponds R,Oort F,Frenken K.The geographical and institutional proximity of research collaboration[J].Papers in Regional Science,2010,86(3):423-443.
[27]Lefebvre H.The Production of Space[J].Blackwell,1991,27(9):175-192.
[28]Helfat C,Lieberman M.The birth of capabilities:Market entry and the importance of pre-history[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(4):725-760.
[29]Klepper S.Disagreements,spinoffs and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the U.S.automobile industry[J].Management Science,2007,53(4):616-631.
[30]Klepper S,Sleeper S.Entry by spinoffs[J].Management Science,2005,51(8):1 291-1 306.
[31]Klepper S,Thompson P.Disagreement and intra-industry spinoffs[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2010,28(5):526-538.
[32]Boschma R.Do spinoff dynamics or agglomeration externalities drive industry clustering?[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2015,24(4):859-873.
[33]李小建,李二玲.中国中部农区企业集群的竞争优势研究——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺企业集群为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):136-147.
[34]Scott A,Storper M.High technology industry and regional development:A theoretical critique and reconstruction[J].International Social Science Journal,1987(39):215-247.
[35]李二玲,李小建.农区产业集群、网络与中部崛起[J].人文地理,2006,21(1):60-64.
[36]龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构[J].地理学报,2013,68(8):1 019-1 028.
[37]刘军.整体网络分析讲义——UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2009.
[38]史焱文,李二玲,李小建.地理邻近、关系邻近对农业产业集群创新影响[J].地理科学,2016,36(5):51-59.