西藏核桃引种到内地后坚果品质变化研究
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摘要
以河南的‘清香’核桃作对照,测定分析了西藏核桃以及引种至河南的西藏核桃的坚果品质。结果表明:西藏核桃引种至河南后,坚果纵径、横径、侧径和果形指数并未发生显著性变化,而出仁率则显著升高,由42. 56%升高到47. 92%;脂肪酸组成发生显著变化,油酸含量由24. 99%下降到15. 69%,与河南‘清香’核桃(16. 36%)近似;亚油酸含量由54. 83%升高到63. 84%,与河南‘清香’核桃(63. 77%)近似。脂肪酸主成分分析表明,河南引种的西藏核桃与西藏核桃相距较远,而与河南当地的‘清香’核桃相距较近,说明生长环境是影响西藏核桃脂肪酸组成的重要因素。研究结果为深入开发利用西藏核桃资源提供了理论依据。
‘Qingxiang'walnut in Henan was used as a control,the nut qualities of Tibetan walnut and Tibetan walnut introduced to Henan were determined and analyzed. The results showed that after Tibetan walnuts introduced to Henan,there was no significant change in the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,lateral diameter and shape index of nuts,while the content of kernel increased significantly,from 42. 56% in Tibet to 47. 92%. The fatty acid composition of walnuts changed significantly,and the oleic acid content of walnuts decreased from 24. 99% in Tibet to 15. 69%,which was similar to that of‘Qingxiang'( 16. 36%) in Henan. The content of linoleic acid increased from 54. 83% in Tibet to 63. 84%,which was similar to‘Qingxiang'( 63. 77%) in Henan. The main component analysis of fatty acids showed that the Tibetan walnut introduced to Henan was far away from Tibetan walnut,but it was close to the local‘Qingxiang'walnut in Henan,indicating that the growth environment was an important factor affecting the fatty acid composition of Tibetan walnut. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and utilization of Tibetan walnut resources.
‘Qingxiang'walnut in Henan was used as a control,the nut qualities of Tibetan walnut and Tibetan walnut introduced to Henan were determined and analyzed. The results showed that after Tibetan walnuts introduced to Henan,there was no significant change in the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,lateral diameter and shape index of nuts,while the content of kernel increased significantly,from 42. 56% in Tibet to 47. 92%. The fatty acid composition of walnuts changed significantly,and the oleic acid content of walnuts decreased from 24. 99% in Tibet to 15. 69%,which was similar to that of‘Qingxiang'( 16. 36%) in Henan. The content of linoleic acid increased from 54. 83% in Tibet to 63. 84%,which was similar to‘Qingxiang'( 63. 77%) in Henan. The main component analysis of fatty acids showed that the Tibetan walnut introduced to Henan was far away from Tibetan walnut,but it was close to the local‘Qingxiang'walnut in Henan,indicating that the growth environment was an important factor affecting the fatty acid composition of Tibetan walnut. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth development and utilization of Tibetan walnut resources.
引文
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[21]王金星,潘刚,王滑,等.西藏核桃叶片和坚果表型多样性及其相关关系研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):236-240.
[2]张锐,贾昌路,高山,等.基于聚类分析的南疆核桃脂肪酸及维生素E含量的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2017,32(2):125-129.
[3]徐飞,石爱民,刘红芝,等.核桃油中脂肪酸和内源抗氧化物质含量及其氧化稳定性相关性分析[J].中国粮油学报,2016,31(3):53-58.
[4]BANEL D K,HU F B.Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors:a metaanalysis and systematic review[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2009,90(1):56-63.
[5]HAYES D,ANGOVE M J,TUCCI J,et al.Walnuts(Juglans regia)chemical composition and research in human health[J].Crit Rev Food Sci,2015,56(8):1231-1241.
[6]郗荣庭,张毅萍.中国核桃[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1992.
[7]马庆国,王滑,潘刚,等.西藏核桃优良单株的FISH-AFLP分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(6):86-89.
[8]WANG H,WU W,PAN G,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity and relationships among 86 Persian walnut(Juglans regia L.)genotypes in Tibet using morphological traits and SSR markers[J].J Hort Sci,2015,90(5):563-570.
[9]王滑.西藏核桃种质资源遗传多样性研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.
[10]德庆措姆,潘刚.加查县优良核桃资源调查初报[J].北方园艺,2010(1):60-63.
[11]裴东,鲁新政.中国核桃种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2011.
[12]陈季琴,张永,高同雨,等.核桃高油品种的筛选研究[J].北方园艺,2007(8):27-29.
[13]喻礼怀.饲粮脂肪酸ω-6/ω-3对鹅脂肪代谢影响及其分子机制的研究[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2012.
[14]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
[15]潘学军,张文娥,刘伟,等.贵州核桃种仁脂肪酸和氨基酸含量分析[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(2):497-501.
[16]王滑,潘刚,马庆国,等.西藏不同居群核桃核仁中脂肪酸成分的含量变化[J].经济林研究,2015(3):126-129.
[17]倪亚兰,辜夕蓉,邓雪梅,等.海拔对巫山竹贤核桃果实表型和油脂品质的影响[J].中国油脂,2017,42(2):135-140.
[18]肖良俊,张雨,吴涛,等.云南紫仁核桃脂肪酸含量及营养评价[J].中国油脂,2014,39(9):94-97.
[19]苏彦苹,赵爽,李保国,等.6个新疆核桃优系核仁营养评价[J].中国粮油学报,2017,32(1):59-66.
[20]刘伟铭.西藏核桃油与蛋白地理变异规律及核桃青稞粉产品的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2009.
[21]王金星,潘刚,王滑,等.西藏核桃叶片和坚果表型多样性及其相关关系研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(2):236-240.