中超联赛不同位置球员高强度跑动表现特征
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摘要
为了探究中超联赛球员高强度跑动表现的特征,选取2016赛季中超235场比赛打满全场球员(N=3 446名)的高强度跑动指标作为研究对象。以球员位置、球队实力和比赛阵型作为自变量,9项高强度跑动指标作为因变量进行研究。运用数据级数推断法,将球员位置、本队实力和比赛阵型对球员高强度跑动表现影响的显著性进行界定。研究结果显示:(1)中超联赛边路和前场球员表现出高强度跑速度快和间歇时间短的特征;本方控球时,高强度跑和冲刺跑距离边路和前场球员比中路和后场球员长;对方控球时,高强度跑和冲刺跑距离后场球员则比前场队员长。(2)本方控球时,高强度跑距离上游球队边后卫和中前卫比中游球队长,高强度跑距离中游球队的边前卫和前锋比上游球队长;对方控球时,高强度跑距离上游球队中后卫比下游球队长,高强度跑动距离中游和下游球队的边前卫和前锋比上游球队长。另外,高强度跑间歇时间上游球队边前卫和前锋比中游和下游球队长,所有位置球员上游球队高强度跑动速度快于下游球队。(3)本方控球时,高强度跑和冲刺跑距离4-2-3-1和4-3-3阵型的边后卫和边前卫比4-4-2阵型长;而对方控球时,中前卫的高强度跑距离则相反。另外,4-4-2和4-3-3阵型的中后卫本方控球时冲刺距离和前锋高强度跑距离比4-2-3-1阵型的长。因此,足球实践过程中,应该根据不同位置、不同实力以及不同阵型打法等情境因素进行针对性的体能训练和战术部署。
In order to probe into the characteristics of high intensity running performance of players in Chinese Super League(CSL), the authors selected the high intensity running indexes of full game players(N=3 446) in 235 games in CSL in the 2016 competition season as the research object, carried out the study by setting player position, team strength and competition formation as independent variables, and 9 high intensity running indexes as dependent variables, defined the significance of effects of player position, one's own team strength and competition formation on player high intensity running performance, and revealed the following findings: 1) in CSL, the wingers and frontcourt players showed such characteristics as fast high intensity running speed and short interval time; when one's own team possessed the ball, the high intensity running and sprinting distances of the wingers and frontcourt players were longer than those of the midfielders and backcourt players; when the opponent team possessed the ball, the high intensity running and sprinting distances of the backcourt players were longer than those of the frontcourt players; 2) when one's own team possessed the ball, the high intensity running distances of the side backfielders and center halves of an upstream team were longer than those of a midstream team, the high intensity running distances of the wing halves and forwards of an midstream team were longer than those of an upstream team; when the opponent team possessed the ball, the high intensity running distance of the side backfielders and center halves of an upstream team were longer than that of a downstream team, the high intensity running distances of the wing halves and forwards of a midstream team and a downstream team were longer than those of an upstream team; in addition, the high intensity running interval times of the wing halves and forwards of an upstream team were longer than those of a downstream team, the high intensity running speeds of the players at all positions of an upstream team were faster than those of a downstream team;3) when one's own team possessed the ball, high intensity running and sprinting distances of the side backfielders and wing halves in 4-2-3-1 and 4-3-3 formations were longer than those in a 4-4-2 formation; when the opponent team possessed the ball, the high intensity running distance of center halves was the opposite; in addition, when one's own team possessed the ball, the sprinting distance of the center defenders and the high intensity running distance of the forwards in 4-4-2 and 4-3-3 formations were longer than those in a 4-2-3-1 formation. Therefore, in the process of football practice, target-specific physical strength training and tactical deployment should be carried out according to such scenario factors as different positions, different strength and different formations.
In order to probe into the characteristics of high intensity running performance of players in Chinese Super League(CSL), the authors selected the high intensity running indexes of full game players(N=3 446) in 235 games in CSL in the 2016 competition season as the research object, carried out the study by setting player position, team strength and competition formation as independent variables, and 9 high intensity running indexes as dependent variables, defined the significance of effects of player position, one's own team strength and competition formation on player high intensity running performance, and revealed the following findings: 1) in CSL, the wingers and frontcourt players showed such characteristics as fast high intensity running speed and short interval time; when one's own team possessed the ball, the high intensity running and sprinting distances of the wingers and frontcourt players were longer than those of the midfielders and backcourt players; when the opponent team possessed the ball, the high intensity running and sprinting distances of the backcourt players were longer than those of the frontcourt players; 2) when one's own team possessed the ball, the high intensity running distances of the side backfielders and center halves of an upstream team were longer than those of a midstream team, the high intensity running distances of the wing halves and forwards of an midstream team were longer than those of an upstream team; when the opponent team possessed the ball, the high intensity running distance of the side backfielders and center halves of an upstream team were longer than that of a downstream team, the high intensity running distances of the wing halves and forwards of a midstream team and a downstream team were longer than those of an upstream team; in addition, the high intensity running interval times of the wing halves and forwards of an upstream team were longer than those of a downstream team, the high intensity running speeds of the players at all positions of an upstream team were faster than those of a downstream team;3) when one's own team possessed the ball, high intensity running and sprinting distances of the side backfielders and wing halves in 4-2-3-1 and 4-3-3 formations were longer than those in a 4-4-2 formation; when the opponent team possessed the ball, the high intensity running distance of center halves was the opposite; in addition, when one's own team possessed the ball, the sprinting distance of the center defenders and the high intensity running distance of the forwards in 4-4-2 and 4-3-3 formations were longer than those in a 4-2-3-1 formation. Therefore, in the process of football practice, target-specific physical strength training and tactical deployment should be carried out according to such scenario factors as different positions, different strength and different formations.
引文
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[15]CARLING C.Influence of opposition team formation on physical and skill-related performance in a professional soccer team[J].European Journal of Sport Science,2011,11(3):155-164.
[16]FAUDE O,KOCH T,MEYER T.Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football[J].J Sport Sci,2012,30(7):625-631.
[17]BRADLEY P S,NOAKES T D.Match running performance fluctuations in elite soccer:Indicative of fatigue,pacing or situational influences?[J].J Sports Sci,2013,31(15):1627-1638.
[18]YANG G,LEICHT A S,LAGO C,et al.Key team physical and technical performance indicators indicative of team quality in the soccer Chinese super league[J].Res Sports Med,2018,26(2):158-167.
[19]李晓康,潘春光,刘浩.中超联赛各比赛位置球员跑动距离及强度特征研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(3):130-136.
[20]赵刚,陈超.足球比赛表现研究方法和评价指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(4):72-81.
[21]TREWIN J,MEYLAN C,VARLEY M C,et al.The influence of situational and environmental factors on match-running in soccer:a systematic review[J].Science and Medicine in Football,2017,1(2):183-194.
[22]AQUINO R,MUNHOZ MARTINS G H,PALUCCIVIEIRA L H,et al.Influence of match location,quality of opponents,and match status on movement patterns in Brazilian professional football players[J].J Strength Cond Res,2017,31(8):2155-2161.
[23]DI SALVO V,BARON R,TSCHAN H,et al.Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer[J].Int J Sports Med,2007,28(3):222-227.
[24]CASTELLANO J,ALVAREZ-PASTOR D,BRADLEY P S.Evaluation of research using computerised tracking systems(Amisco and Prozone)to analyse physical performance in elite soccer:a systematic review[J].Sports Med,2014,44(5):701-712.
[25]ZUBILLAGA A G G,MENDO A H,BLANCO-VILLASEOR A.Match analysis of2005-2006 Champions League final with Amisco System[J].J Sport Sci Med,2007,6:10-20.
[26]谢军,刘鸿优.比赛情境因素对中国足球超级联赛技战术表现的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(2):107-111.
[27]刘浩,朱琪林,姜鹏.中国足球协会超级联赛运动员比赛能力研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,36(4):128-133.
[28]刘鸿优.体育统计学新视角:数据级数推断[J].体育与科学,2017,38(3):27-31.
[29]BATTERHAM A M.Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes[J].International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,2006,1:50-57.
[30]HOPKINS W G,MARSHALL S W,BATTERHAMA M,et al.Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2009,41(1):3-13.
[31]A D.Comparison of physical and technical performance in European professional soccer match-play:The FA Premier League and La LIGA[J].European Journal of Sport Science,2011,11(1):51-59.
[32]HOPPE M W,SLOMKA M,BAUMGART C,et al.Match running performance and success across a season in German Bundesliga Soccer Teams[J].Int J Sports Med,2015,36(7):563-566.
[33]RAMPININI E,IMPELLIZZERI F M,CASTAGNA C,et al.Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A League:Effect of fatigue and competitive level[J].Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,2009,12(1):227-233.
[34]AQUINO R,VIEIRA L H P,CARLING C,et al.Effects of competitive standard,team formation and playing position on match running performance of Brazilian professional soccer players[J].International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport,2018,17(2):1-11.
[35]BLOOMFIELD J,POLMAN R,O’DONOGHUE P.Physical demands of different positions in FA premier league soccer[J].Journal of Sports Science&Medicine,2007,6(1):63-70.
[2]VIGNE G,GAUDINO C,ROGOWSKI I,et al Activity profile in elite Italian soccer team[J].Internayional Journal of Sports Medicine,2010,31(5):304-310.
[3]STRUDWICK T.Soccer science[M].Champaign,IL:Human Kinetics,2016:221-246.
[4]CARLING C,BLOOMFIELD J,NELSON L,et al The role of motion analysis in elite soccer:Contemporary performance measurements techniques and work rate data[J].Sports Medicine,2008,38(4):589-601.
[5]RAMPININI E,COUTTS A J,CASTAGNA C,et al Variation in top level soccer match performance[J].Int JSports Med,2007,28(12):1018-1024.
[6]DI SALVO V,GREGSON W,ATKINSON G,et al Analysis of high intensity activity in Premier League soccer[J].Int J Sports Med,2009,30(3):205-212.
[7]BRADLEY P S,DI MASCIO M,PEART D,et al High-intensity activity profiles of elite soccer players a different performance levels[J].J Strength Cond Res,2010,24(9):2343-2351.
[8]唐铁锋,朱军凯.第20届男足世界杯决赛阶段球员比赛跑动能力研究[J].首都体育学院学报,2016,28(6):546-551+559.
[9]PAUL S B,MICHELE D M,DAN P,et al High-intensity activity profiles of elite soccer players a different performance Levels[J].The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,2009,24(9):2343-2351.
[10]BRADLEY P S,CARLING C,ARCHER D,et al The effect of playing formation on high-intensity running and technical profiles in English FA Premier League soccer matches[J].J Sports Sci,2011,29(8):821-830
[11]CARLING C,LE GALL F,DUPONT G.Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer[J].J Sports Sci,2012,30(4):325-336
[12]吴放.中超联赛球队跑动表现对比赛胜负的影响[J].中国体育科技,2017,53(3):78-85.
[13]MOURA F A,MARCHE A L,CAETANO F G,et al.Analysis of high-intensity efforts in brazilian professional soccer players[J].Human Movement,2017,18(5).
[14]姜哲,黄竹杭,吴放.不同比赛情境下中国足球超级联赛关键跑动表现指标探析[J].中国体育科技,2018,54(1):64-70.
[15]CARLING C.Influence of opposition team formation on physical and skill-related performance in a professional soccer team[J].European Journal of Sport Science,2011,11(3):155-164.
[16]FAUDE O,KOCH T,MEYER T.Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football[J].J Sport Sci,2012,30(7):625-631.
[17]BRADLEY P S,NOAKES T D.Match running performance fluctuations in elite soccer:Indicative of fatigue,pacing or situational influences?[J].J Sports Sci,2013,31(15):1627-1638.
[18]YANG G,LEICHT A S,LAGO C,et al.Key team physical and technical performance indicators indicative of team quality in the soccer Chinese super league[J].Res Sports Med,2018,26(2):158-167.
[19]李晓康,潘春光,刘浩.中超联赛各比赛位置球员跑动距离及强度特征研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(3):130-136.
[20]赵刚,陈超.足球比赛表现研究方法和评价指标体系研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(4):72-81.
[21]TREWIN J,MEYLAN C,VARLEY M C,et al.The influence of situational and environmental factors on match-running in soccer:a systematic review[J].Science and Medicine in Football,2017,1(2):183-194.
[22]AQUINO R,MUNHOZ MARTINS G H,PALUCCIVIEIRA L H,et al.Influence of match location,quality of opponents,and match status on movement patterns in Brazilian professional football players[J].J Strength Cond Res,2017,31(8):2155-2161.
[23]DI SALVO V,BARON R,TSCHAN H,et al.Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer[J].Int J Sports Med,2007,28(3):222-227.
[24]CASTELLANO J,ALVAREZ-PASTOR D,BRADLEY P S.Evaluation of research using computerised tracking systems(Amisco and Prozone)to analyse physical performance in elite soccer:a systematic review[J].Sports Med,2014,44(5):701-712.
[25]ZUBILLAGA A G G,MENDO A H,BLANCO-VILLASEOR A.Match analysis of2005-2006 Champions League final with Amisco System[J].J Sport Sci Med,2007,6:10-20.
[26]谢军,刘鸿优.比赛情境因素对中国足球超级联赛技战术表现的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2017,40(2):107-111.
[27]刘浩,朱琪林,姜鹏.中国足球协会超级联赛运动员比赛能力研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,36(4):128-133.
[28]刘鸿优.体育统计学新视角:数据级数推断[J].体育与科学,2017,38(3):27-31.
[29]BATTERHAM A M.Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes[J].International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,2006,1:50-57.
[30]HOPKINS W G,MARSHALL S W,BATTERHAMA M,et al.Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2009,41(1):3-13.
[31]A D.Comparison of physical and technical performance in European professional soccer match-play:The FA Premier League and La LIGA[J].European Journal of Sport Science,2011,11(1):51-59.
[32]HOPPE M W,SLOMKA M,BAUMGART C,et al.Match running performance and success across a season in German Bundesliga Soccer Teams[J].Int J Sports Med,2015,36(7):563-566.
[33]RAMPININI E,IMPELLIZZERI F M,CASTAGNA C,et al.Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A League:Effect of fatigue and competitive level[J].Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,2009,12(1):227-233.
[34]AQUINO R,VIEIRA L H P,CARLING C,et al.Effects of competitive standard,team formation and playing position on match running performance of Brazilian professional soccer players[J].International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport,2018,17(2):1-11.
[35]BLOOMFIELD J,POLMAN R,O’DONOGHUE P.Physical demands of different positions in FA premier league soccer[J].Journal of Sports Science&Medicine,2007,6(1):63-70.